Final Exam Flashcards
The difference between what a student can do on his or her own and what the student can do with help.
Zone of Proximal Development
Teaching phonics after children have learned to read a number of words.
Top Down Approach to Reading
Asking students if anything in a story reminded them of something that happened to them
Aesthetic response
Learning language is imitative
young student says “We eated out lunch”
do whatever it takes to bring all students up to the fullest literacy possible
Ultimate purpose of Response to Intervention
Delay all formal reading instruction until ELL students have reasonable command of English
Most effective approach to teaching ELL learners to read with no bilingual program available
What causes the 4th grade reading slump
Schooling becomes more academic and more abstract. Content area reading.
What effect does dialect have on reading proficency
It has virtually no effect on reading achievement but may influence teacher attitude.
The major problem with high-stakes tests is that they often do this
narrow the curriculum to what is tested
What is the main purpose of progress monitoring
to see if students are currently making adequate improvement.
The contents of a portfolio should depend primarily upon
The goals and results of instruction
The best approach for assessing the difficulty level of materials is to
Use objective and subjective methods such as formulas leveling scores and observations, and professional judgement.
When do children begin acquiring literacy
long before they start school
What is the most basic concept of print, often taught first
What we say can be written down.
Children’s “pretend reading” should be ____ because it _____
encouraged, helps them construct more advanced understandings about reading
The current emphasis on writing in kindergarten involves
Exploration and expression
Which stage would a student be in who spells the word name as NAM
Alphabetic (letter name stage)
The best way to reinforce high-frequency words in through
Reading them at sight (in context)
What is the main reason why sorting is an excellent reinforcement activity for phonics
It forces students to find critical differences in phonics patterns.
What are the main disadvantages of decodable texts
They may lack natural flow and use words that incorporate phonics but are unusual or difficult
Helps foster fluency
reading a series of easy books
Most helpful in learning the meaning of a new word
Hearing the word explained in context
Must happen for vocabulary study to have an impact upon comprehension
Unfamiliar words must be identified, labeled and connected to backgrounds or relationships
Words generally used in texts and class discussions and are often literate labels for common words
Tier 2 words (peered)
Words that are content or technical words
Tier 3 words (refracted)
Graphic organizer used to compare two subjects with similar traits
Venn Diagram
Most effective approach for learning new words, requires little planning or effort
Wide reading and meeting words in context
Morphemic analysis is primarily concerned with
Meaning.
Meaningful parts of words
morphemes
Last resort for word recognition
Dictionary usage
Most important factor in comprehension
reader’s background knowledge about the topic of the selection
Most effective organizational strategy for comprehension
summarizing
Example of a preparational strategy
Activating prior knowledge
Technique specially designed for students having difficulty with inferences
QAR
Elaboration strategy that works with concrete ideas as students learn to picture concepts in their minds.
Imaging
Reciprocal teaching includes
predicting, questioning, clarifying, summarizing
Most children first learn how to develop a schema for stories through
listening to stories
When is best to ask questions to help students activate schema and read with a purpose
before a selection is read
Best technique for getting students to use context and read for meaning on a sentence-by-sentence basis
Cloze
How is content area reading different from other kinds of reading
Students learn new concepts in a content are then then apply this knowledge
Technique specifically designed to help teachers model comprehension processes
Think-aloud - teacher describes thoughts as they read.
Most helpful tool for comprehension with struggling readers and ELL students
Gloss - explains technical terms and difficult concepts
Most widely used study technique because it fosters understanding and long-term retention of material being read independently
SQR3 Allows readers to survey, question, read to answer the questions posed, recite and review.
Reading designed to obtain information or learn how to perform a task.
Efferent reading
Emphasizes the evocation of emotion, expression of feeling or personal response to a reading selection
Reader Response Theory
Reading curriculum that provides the most direction for teachers
Basal/literature anthology.
When writing individual language-experience stories, it is recommended that the teacher
write exactly what the child says, even if there is a grammatical error
When revising, novice writers are generally most conscious of
Spelling and handwriting
The Six Traits Plus approach focuses on _____ as its main element of writing
Ideas, content and information the the writing conveys.
Students are grouped by level of reading proficiency
Guided reading
A key characteristic of effective literacy programs is to know where the students are and what they are lacking, then make adjustments as needed, referred to as
Progress monitoring
