Final Exam Flashcards
Three phases of fracture healing
- Circulator or inflammatory phase (subdivided into celular, vascular, and primary cell callus)
- Reparative or metabolic phase
- remodeling or mechanical phase
Cellular phase of fracture healing:
injured cells and hematoma incite inflamm response within first 5 days.
surviving cells in the area are brought in by ____ tissue and create a blastemal of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
grandulation
Vascular phase of fracture healing:
blood flow is augmented around injured area. this passive ______ promotes active secretion of osteod matrix by mesenchymal cells that have migrated to that area
hyperemia
Vascular phrase of fracture healing:
the active hyperemia on the periphery induces ______ ______ in the cortex of the surrounding fracture
osteoclastic activity
During the vascular phase of fracture healing
a new periosteum forms at the line of demarcation between the normal muscle and callus, this periostal callus, when mineralized may produce a ______ ______ on radiographs
Codman’s triangle
Primary Callus Phase:
cellular elements arise from injured bone, connective tissue, marrow, and muscle to form undifferentiated mesencymal cells which produce a ____
blastemal
Primary Callus Phase:
high speed deposition of _____ in the form of coarsely woven bone deposited in a haphazard fashion
osteoid
Osteoid becomes mineralized and may be visualized on radiographis after ____ days
14
Primary Callus Phase:
the development of this primary material in the _______ represents the formation of the primary callus
blastemal zone
first stage of fracture healing: necrosis, hematoma, vascular spindle formation and primary callus is how long?
10 days
The Callus can be divided into four entities:
sealing, buttressing, bridging, and uniting callus
_____ callus is adjacent to the outer surface of the cortex and is formed by the periosteum as well as the surrounding skeletal membrane
Buttressing
_____ callus fills the medullary cavity and arises from the marrow to seal it from the fracture site
Sealing
_____ callus unites the gap between two buttress ends
Bridging
_____ callus joins the cortical portions of the fractured bone
Uniting
Name the law:
realignment and remodeling of bone and callus along the lines of stress. Extra bone is deoposited in stress lines and removed in areas where stress is not appiled
Wolff’s Law
the final phase of bone healing is the restoration of ______
medullary cavity and bone marrow
the greater the ______ , the greater the granulation tissue and better the callus
hematoma
within the first _____ days of fracture, resorption of the fracture line occurs, creating an increase in the width of the actual fracture line
5
the entire bone healing process takes ____ weeks in young patients and ______ weeks in the geriatric one
4-6
6-12
