Final Exam

Question 1

Three phases of fracture healing

Answer 1

1. Circulator or inflammatory phase (subdivided into celular, vascular, and primary cell callus)
2. Reparative or metabolic phase
3. remodeling or mechanical phase

Question 2

Cellular phase of fracture healing:

injured cells and hematoma incite inflamm response within first 5 days.
surviving cells in the area are brought in by ____ tissue and create a blastemal of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

Answer 2

grandulation

Question 3

Vascular phase of fracture healing:

blood flow is augmented around injured area. this passive ______ promotes active secretion of osteod matrix by mesenchymal cells that have migrated to that area

Answer 3

hyperemia

Question 4

Vascular phrase of fracture healing:

the active hyperemia on the periphery induces ______ ______ in the cortex of the surrounding fracture

Answer 4

osteoclastic activity

Question 5

During the vascular phase of fracture healing

a new periosteum forms at the line of demarcation between the normal muscle and callus, this periostal callus, when mineralized may produce a ______ ______ on radiographs

Answer 5

Codman’s triangle

Question 6

Primary Callus Phase:

cellular elements arise from injured bone, connective tissue, marrow, and muscle to form undifferentiated mesencymal cells which produce a ____

Answer 6

blastemal

Question 7

Primary Callus Phase:

high speed deposition of _____ in the form of coarsely woven bone deposited in a haphazard fashion

Answer 7

osteoid

Question 8

Osteoid becomes mineralized and may be visualized on radiographis after ____ days

Answer 8

14

Question 9

Primary Callus Phase:

the development of this primary material in the _______ represents the formation of the primary callus

Answer 9

blastemal zone

Question 10

first stage of fracture healing: necrosis, hematoma, vascular spindle formation and primary callus is how long?

Answer 10

10 days

Question 11

The Callus can be divided into four entities:

Answer 11

sealing, buttressing, bridging, and uniting callus

Question 12

_____ callus is adjacent to the outer surface of the cortex and is formed by the periosteum as well as the surrounding skeletal membrane

Answer 12

Buttressing

Question 13

_____ callus fills the medullary cavity and arises from the marrow to seal it from the fracture site

Answer 13

Sealing

Question 14

_____ callus unites the gap between two buttress ends

Answer 14

Bridging

Question 15

_____ callus joins the cortical portions of the fractured bone

Answer 15

Uniting

Question 16

Name the law:

realignment and remodeling of bone and callus along the lines of stress. Extra bone is deoposited in stress lines and removed in areas where stress is not appiled

Answer 16

Wolff’s Law

Question 17

the final phase of bone healing is the restoration of ______

Answer 17

medullary cavity and bone marrow

Question 18

the greater the ______ , the greater the granulation tissue and better the callus

Answer 18

hematoma

Question 19

within the first _____ days of fracture, resorption of the fracture line occurs, creating an increase in the width of the actual fracture line

Answer 19

5

Question 20

the entire bone healing process takes ____ weeks in young patients and ______ weeks in the geriatric one

Answer 20

4-6

6-12