Final Exam Flashcards
Abnormal behavior
Behavior that causes people to experience distress and prevents them from functioning in their daily lives
DSM-5
Used by most professionals to diagnose and classify abnormal behavior
Major Depressive Disorder
Severe form of depression that interferes with concentration, decision making, and sociability
Bipolar Disorder
People alternates between periods of euphoric feelings of mania and periods of depression
Manic episode
Extended state of intense, wild elation
Anxiety
Occurrence of anxiety without an obvious external cause that affects daily functioning
Anxiety Disorders
Occurrence of anxiety without an obvious external cause that affects daily functioning
Obsession
Persistent unwanted thought or idea that keeps recurring
Compulsion
Persistent unwanted thought or idea that keeps recurring
Panic attacks
Anxiety suddenly rising to a peek, one feels a sense of impending and unavoidable doom
Agoraphobia
Fear of being in a situation in which escape is difficult and help unavailable
Specific phobia
Intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations
Personality disorder
Characterized by a set of inflexible, maladaptive behavior patterns that keep a person from functioning appropriately society
Borderline personality disorder
Difficulty developing a secure sense of who they are, emotional volatility leads to impulsive and self-destructive behavior
Dissociative Disorders
Psychological dysfunctions characterized by the separation of different facers of a person’s personality that are normally integrated
Dissociative fugue
Individual leave home suddenly and assumes a new identity
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Person displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Individuals shows no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society or the rights of others
Schizophrenia
Class of disorders in which severe distortion of reality occurs
Hallucinations
Auditory hallucinations are usually experienced as voices, whether familiar or unfamiliar, that are perceived as distinct from the person’s own thoughts
Delusions
False or erroneous beliefs that usually involve a misinterpretation of perceptions or experiences
Positive symptoms
Excess or distortion of normal function. For example, Delusions – falsely held beliefs usually due to a distorted perception or experience. Delusions are the most common symptom of schizophrenia.
Thought disorder
difficulty organizing and expressing thoughts. This might result in stopping mid-sentence or speaking nonsensically; including the making up of words.
Disorganized behavior
unusual and inappropriate behavior. This might be childlike behavior or unpredictable agitation.
Movement disorder
agitated or repeated movements. Catatonia (non-moving and non-responsive) is also possible.
Negative symptoms
Refer to a decrease or absence of normal function. For example, Apparent lack of emotion or small emotional range, reduced ability to plan and follow-through with activities, neglect of personal hygiene, social withdrawal, decrease in talkativeness, loss of motivations
Psychotherapy
Treatment in which a trained professional called a therapist, uses psychological techniques to help a person overcome psychological difficulties and disorders, to resolve problems in living, or bring about personal growth
Transference
Transfer of feelings to a psychoanalyst that has been originally directed to a patient’s parent or other authoritative figures
Person-centered therapy
Goal is to reach one’s potential for self-actualization
Behavior therapy
Approaches that make use of the basic processes of learning such as reinforcement and extinction, to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior
Systematic desensitization
Exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with deep relaxation to extinguish the response of anxiety
Aversive conditioning
Reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by pairing with an aversive stimulus
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Incorporates basic principles of learning to change the way people think
Group therapy
Therapy in which people meet in a group with a therapist discuss problems
Family therapy
Focuses on the family and its dynamics
Lithium
Bipolar disorder treatment
Electroconvulsive therapy
Procedure used in the treatment of severe depression
Antipsychotic medication
Temporarily reduce psychotic symptoms such as agitations, hallucinations, and delusions
Antianxiety medication
Reduce the level of anxiety a person experiences essentially by reducing excitability and increasing feelings of well-being
Self-serving bias
Tendency to attribute success to personal factors and failure to factors outside oneself
Social psychology
Scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others
Stereotype
Set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a specific group and its members
Obedience
A change in behavior in response to the commands of others
Prosocial behavior
Helping behavior
Diffusion of responsibility
Belief that responsibility for intervening is shared, or diffused, among those percent
Attribution theory
Considers how we decide, on the basis of samples of a person’s behavior, what the specific cause of that behavior are
Central route persuasion
Occurs when a persuasive message is evaluated by thoughtful consideration of the issues and arguments used to persuade
Peripheral route persuasion
Occurs when a persuasive message is evaluated on the basis of irrelevant or extraneous factors
Cognitive dissonance
The mental conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts
Conformity
A change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people
Prejudice
Negative (or positive) evaluation of a group and its members
Altruism
Helping behavior that requires self-sacrifice
Diffusion of responsibility
Belief that responsibility for intervening is shared, or diffused, among those present
Group think
Type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternative points of view
Passionate love
State of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal, psychological interest, and caring for the needs of another
Companionate love
Strong affection we have for those with whom our lives are deeply involved
To Know
Know that to be a disorder behavior must be dysfunctional.
To Know
• Know that schizophrenia is a disease of the brain exhibited in symptoms of the mind
How do we explain schizophrenia?
Class of disorders in which severe distortion of reality occurs
What is antisocial personality disorder?
Individuals show no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society or the rights of others
To Know
• Know the Zimbardo (1972) study with male college students in a simulated prison at Stanford.
