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Final Exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is taxonomy

A

Scientists using a classification to name and group organisms

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2
Q

What is binomial nomenclature

A

Two word naming system

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3
Q

What are the seven levels of linnaeus’s sytem of classification

A

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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4
Q

What is phylogeny

A

Evolutionary relationships among organisms

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5
Q

What are derived characters

A

Characteristics found in recent parts of the lineage

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6
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms in the kingdom system

A

Archaebacteria, eubacteria, Protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

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7
Q

What is the name of Darwin’s book

A

The Origin Of Species

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8
Q

Seive-like opening to the outside

A

Madreporite

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9
Q

Bulb-like structures that cause changes in water pressure creating suction

A

Ampullae

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10
Q

Symmetry found in the larvae of echinoderms

A

Bilateral

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11
Q

Often called a star-fish in error

A

Sea star

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12
Q

Anus first and mouth last in development

A

Deuterostome

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13
Q

Skin in Latin

A

Pellis

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14
Q

The reproductive organs

A

Gonads

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15
Q

What animal is in the phylum Echinoderm

A

Starfish (sea stars)

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16
Q

Glands which secrete digestive enzymes

A

Pyloric caeca

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17
Q

A suction-cup like structure

A

Tube feet

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18
Q

Kind of symmetry found in most sea stars

A

Penta-radial

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19
Q

Side on which the mouth is found in sea stars

A

Oral surface

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20
Q

Ability to regenerate a new individual from broken off pieces of another

A

Fragmentation

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21
Q

Spiky echinoderms

A

Sea urchins

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22
Q

Fast walking echinoderms

A

Brittle stars

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23
Q

Its counterpart is the dorsal surface

A

Aboral surface

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24
Q

Carries water from the ring canal

A

Radial canal

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25
Q

Sensory organ at the tip of each appendage on a sea star

A

Eye spot

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26
Q

Internal skeleton

A

Endo skeleton

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27
Q

Controls the population of spiky echinoderms (sea urchins) through predation

A

Sea otter

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28
Q

System of internal tubes filled with liquid found in echinoderms

A

Water vascular system

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29
Q

Spiny in Latin

A

Echino

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30
Q

The middle region of a sea star

A

Central disc

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31
Q

Able to expel stomach as a defensive tactic when threatened

A

Sea cucumber

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32
Q

A water pump that distributes water to other parts of the water vascular system

A

Ring canal

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33
Q

Filter feeding echinoderms

A

Sea lily

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34
Q

Structure still present but serves no purpose

A

Vestigial organ

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35
Q

The study of early development of organisms.

A

Embryology

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36
Q

Same structure… different use

A

Homologous structure

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37
Q

Inheritance of acquired traits through selective use

A

Embryology

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38
Q

A well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world

A

Theory

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39
Q

The process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

A

Evolution

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40
Q

Any inherited characteristics that increase an organisms chance of survival

A

Adaption

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41
Q

Numerous bird species that helped Darwin shape his theory of evolution

A

Finches

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42
Q

Species today look different from their ancestors

A

Descent with modification

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43
Q

Group of islands off the coast of Ecuador

A

Galápagos Islands

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44
Q

Members of each species compete regularly for resources

A

Struggle for existence

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45
Q

All living organisms are related to one another from a common ancestor

A

Common descent

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46
Q

Individuals that are best suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully

A

Survival of the fittest

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47
Q

Humans select from the naturally occurring genetic variations in a species

A

Artificial selection

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48
Q

Natures way of choosing only certain individuals of a population to produce new individuals

A

Natural selection

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49
Q

The ability to survive and reproduce

A

Fitness

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50
Q

Name of Darwin’s ship

A

Beagle

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51
Q

Preserved remains of ancient organisms

A

Fossil

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52
Q

Class turbelleria

A

Planaria

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53
Q

Having two well formed sides

A

Bilateral

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54
Q

To feed off dead animals

A

Scavengers

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55
Q

Dormant larval stage of tapeworm

A

Cyst

56
Q

Having both male and female reproductive organs

A

Hermaphrodites

57
Q

Flatworms

A

Platyhelminthes

58
Q

What animal is in phylum platythelminthes

A

Worms

59
Q

Reproduction by splitting in half

A

Fission

60
Q

Collection of nerve cells

A

Ganglia

61
Q

Having a head

A

Cephalization

62
Q

Muscular tube for drawing in food

A

Pharynx

63
Q

Segment of a tapeworm’s body

A

Proglitid

64
Q

Lacking a body cavity

A

Acoelomate

65
Q

Head of a tapeworm

A

Scypex

66
Q

Class cestoda

A

Tapeworms

67
Q

Obtaining nutrients from a host

A

Parasite

68
Q

Mechanism for respiration, excretion, circulation

A

Diffusion

69
Q

What animal is in the phylum chordata

A

Fish

70
Q

What phylum is in the phylum amphibia

A

Frogs (amphibians)

71
Q

A body part that is an ear canal to humans is what to a frog

A

Eustachian tubes

72
Q

Containing oxygenated blood from lungs

A

Pulmonary vein

73
Q

Adult salamander with gills

A

Mudpuppy

74
Q

Age of amphibians

A

Carboniferous period

75
Q

Frogs and toads

A

Orderanura

76
Q

Greek translation of amphibian

A

Double life

77
Q

Caecilians

A

Orderapoda

78
Q

Ancestral lobe-fin

A

Tiktaalik

79
Q

Transparent third eyelid

A

Nictitating membrane

80
Q

Heart chamber for receiving blood

A

Atrium

81
Q

Anterior vessel from the heart

A

Conusarteriosus

82
Q

Including newts and salamanders

A

Order urodela

83
Q

Triple functioned organ

A

Cloaca

84
Q

Chamber for pumping blood

A

Ventricle

85
Q

Amphibian external eardrum

A

Tympanic membrane

86
Q

Humans have nostrils, what are they to frogs

A

Internal nares

87
Q

Larval form (frogs)

A

Tadpole

88
Q

Versatile body part with various forms and functions

A

Foot

89
Q

Oral feeding structure of cephalopods

A

Beak

90
Q

Feathery gills of squids

A

Ctenidium

91
Q

Shelled cephalopod

A

Nautilus

92
Q

Soft bodied

A

Molluscus

93
Q

Having two identical halves

A

Bilateral

94
Q

Mode of locomotion for octopi and squid

A

Jet propulsion

95
Q

Using organisms to clean up the environment

A

Bioremediation

96
Q

Blood never leaving the blood vessels

A

Closed circulatory system

97
Q

Having tentacled foot for predation

A

Cephalopod

98
Q

System in which blood leaves the blood vessels

A

Open circulatory system

99
Q

Consists of the internal organs (mollusk)

A

Visceral mass

100
Q

Stabilizing appendage for squid

A

Lateral fin

101
Q

Mode of nutrient gathering for oysters and other bivalves

A

Filter feder

102
Q

Shell-less mollusk

A

Octopus

103
Q

Tube shaped structure for removing nitrogenous waste

A

Nephridia

104
Q

Stomach foot includes snails, slugs and nudibranchs

A

Gastropods

105
Q

Structure used for feeding (mollusk)

A

Radula

106
Q

Thin layer of tissue covering most of the mollusk body

A

Mantle

107
Q

Tube-like structure through which water enters and leaves the body

A

Siphon

108
Q

Having two shells

A

Bivalves

109
Q

Protective structure of calcium carbonate (mollusk)

A

Shell

110
Q

Free-swimming larvae

A

Trochopore

111
Q

What is in the phylum porifera

A

Sponges and corral

112
Q

A symbiotic relationship in which both individuals benefit

A

Mutualism

113
Q

Within the cell

A

Intracellular

114
Q

Groups of Archaeocytes that are produced in times of u favourable environmental conditions

A

Gemmules

115
Q

Reproduction requiring only one parent

A

Asexual

116
Q

The process of removing waste products from the body

A

Excretory

117
Q

Sponges and corral

A

Porifera

118
Q

Body design lacking symmetry

A

Asymmetrical

119
Q

A method of asexual reproduction (porifera)

A

Budding

120
Q

The process of exchanging gasses in the body (porifera)

A

Respiratory

121
Q

A network of flexible fibres in softer sponges

A

Spongin

122
Q

A symbiotic relationship in which one individual benefits and the other is not affected

A

Commensalism

123
Q

Fertilization of the egg inside of the body

A

Internal fertilization

124
Q

Organisms that sift food food particles from the water

A

Filter feeder

125
Q

A fertilized egg

A

Zygote

126
Q

Specialized cells that make the sponge’s skeleton

A

Archaeocyte

127
Q

The process of moving fluids through the body

A

Circulatory

128
Q

Mouth first, anus second

A

Deuterostome

129
Q

Spike-shaped structure of calcium carbonate or silica

A

Spicule

130
Q

Cells with flagella for creating a current of water

A

Choahacytes

131
Q

Movement of molecules through a medium from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

A

Diffusion

132
Q

The opening atop a sponge in which water leaves the sponges

A

Osculum

133
Q

An immature development stage of an organism

A

Larva

134
Q

Muscular tube connecting to aorta

A

Bulbous arteriosus

135
Q

Embryonic life stage supporting structure

A

Notocord

136
Q

Subphylum cephalochordate

A

Lamprey

Bio Final (1 decks)

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