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Configuring the World > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Intensive growth

A

transforming the way things are produced

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2
Q

Extensive growth

A

adding external factors which leads to growth

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3
Q

Simon Kuznets

A

GDP is measure of national welfare

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4
Q

Paul Krugman

A

productivity is about everything

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5
Q

Productivity is about ..

A

Ratio of inputs and outputs and how these ratios can be maximized

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6
Q

Increase & decline in productivity ..

A

affects growth and profitability

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7
Q

Productivity motivates ..

A

competitiveness

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8
Q

Alfred Chandler

A

analysed productivity in the Industrial Revolution

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9
Q

Taylorism

A

studying ways of increasing productivity by changing the production process

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10
Q

High rode

A

high level of investments in infrastructure, skills etc. to improve productivity

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11
Q

Low rode

A

hardly any investments, capitalism

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12
Q

Strategies for boosting productivity

A

Capital intensity, intensification, innovations

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13
Q

Important elements of productivity

A

Transport and infrastructure

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14
Q

Digitization of business activities

A

causes a productivity transition troth = decline, increase curve

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15
Q

Amartya Sen

A

Welfare: focus on human development (autonomy, freedom, capabilities)

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16
Q

How to measure welfare?

A

income, morality, housing, electricity, freedom, water etc.

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17
Q

How is inequality caused?

A

Contigent, incidental, individual (some lucky some not), political (not a choice)

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18
Q

Neoclassical

A

The market could reduce inequalities

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19
Q

Statist/developmentalist

A

The state is an inequality mechanism, it can create, solve or maintain it

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20
Q

Critical political economy

A

Inequality because of class relations

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21
Q

Social inequalities

A

Uneven distribution of resources

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22
Q

Measures of inequality

A

Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, Palma ratio, Relative poverty

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23
Q

Thomas Picketty

A

Rich will get richer and the poor will never catch up because incomes do not grow. Capitalism increases inequality. Market worship is bad. Calls for global tax and democracy.

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24
Q

Lorenz Curve

A

Distributie of income in a population

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25
Palma ratio
Top 10 percent / Bottom 40 percent
26
Intergenerational transmission of poverty
Features of poverty are passed on to next generations (vicious circle)
27
Transcient inequalities
Inequality can change by for example government measures
28
Malign
wars, war taxes, conflicts, epidemics, state breakdowns
29
Benign
mass education, relaxed constraints on trade, tech progress, finance capital
30
Current forces acting on inequality
globalization, plutocratic politics (wealthy peeps), relaxed constraints on trade, tech progress
31
Angus Deaton
Inequality has increased but it is not the main thing to worry about
32
Kuznets curve
Hypothesis about inequality; inequality declines by industrialization
33
Extrapolation
A trend is going to continue in the future (Picketty, Kuznets curve)
34
Gradational inequality
There is a gradient income which makes people unequal.
35
Relational inequality
What your position is, domination and exploitation (caste system)
36
Charles Tilly
Principle of exclusions: your rights depend on the group you are in (categorical inequality)
37
Categorical inequality
Inequality based on class, ethnicity, gender
38
Eugenics movement
movement based on racial purification (inspired Hitler)
39
Ricardo
Class is fundamental aspect of social life, especially within capitalism
40
Weber
Class shapes social life and chances
41
Marx
Class is about social relations between different groups (similar to Weber, tho Marx included exploitation)
42
How to think about class?
As individual (race), as condition (living standard) and as inequality
43
Class analysis
Formation, struggle, consciousness
44
Class analysis of poverty
Genetic inferiority approach, culture of poverty, societal byproduct, class exploitation approach
45
Intersectionality
Multiple factors bearing on life experiences within capitalism
46
Market-state dualism
Looking at the state and market seperately
47
Varieties of Capitalism
Hall & Soskice; Liberal Market Economy & Coordinated Market Economy
48
Shareholders
Own the company, provide capital for the company (own the share). The profit the company makes it their dividend
49
Stakeholders
Parties that lend a company many or are simply interested
50
LME
Free role in allocation of resources; shareholder decides; to accumulate capital; short term
51
CME
Large role of the state; stakeholders; long term
52
Variegated financialisation
Arrangements on how firms are governed & financed; all firms are a political construct; ongoing process of market making
53
Hirschman
Introduced the discussion between exit, loyalty and voice in stake&shareholder capitalism
54
Voice
Representation of parties, government etc
55
Industrial relations
Individual bargaining (less power for workers) & peak bargaining (more power for workers)
56
World scale financialization
National financial systems vary more often; capital market liberalization evolves; financial interdependence
57
Financialization of social life
housing, education, social protection
58
Modes of incorporation
process by which countries have been incorporated in the world economy over time
59
Critics of Sen
Capitalism can liberate people
60
Indicators development
Millennium Development Goals & Sustainable Development Goals
61
What are the main development debates?
Modernization, Industrialization, Mobility/Underdevelopment, Marketization
62
''Race to the bottom''
Competition on the global market has negative effects
63
Extractive institutions
countries centered around exploitation; no opportunities
64
Inclusive institutions
everyone can participate in economic life (not always positive because in China, peasants had no reason to invest)
65
The liberal market view
Eliminate exclusion, inclusion in the world market
66
Ten commandments Washington
Telling developing countries not to protect their infant industries
67
Embedded autonomy
Issue of industrial promotion in developing countries; strong state. good bureaucracy; advice capitalists
68
State capture
The state has no autonomy, capitalists decide everything (opposite of embedded autonomy)
69
Claus Ale
Capitalists have veto in a capitalist economy
70
Evans, Huber, Stephens
How effective is the State? Explaining this by reflecting on effective states as dependent variable (makes that they are actually important) (focus on state capacity)
71
Institutional responsibility matrix
family, state, market, community
72
The welfare mix
Variation in institutional mix, so what aspects (state, market, family, community) are important in the specific country?
73
Anderson
How people are protected from the market by the state; aspects of social life are commodities; all depends on political class settlements
74
Karl Polanyi
People are dependent on the market and at one point need protection from the market. Why? Because a self-regulating market economy is a myth; an institution needs to protect the people
75
McKloskey
Markets have improved welfare
76
Types of welfare states
social, democratic, liberal and continental
77
Nordic welfare states
Very social democratic so; state protection
78
US and UK welfare states
Liberal; little market protection
79
Adverse incorporation
Occurs in countries that do not have welfare; people rely on the family or communities; exploitation in return for help; no state protection

Configuring the World (1 decks)

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