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Configuring the World > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Intensive growth

A

transforming the way things are produced

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2
Q

Extensive growth

A

adding external factors which leads to growth

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3
Q

Simon Kuznets

A

GDP is measure of national welfare

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4
Q

Paul Krugman

A

productivity is about everything

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5
Q

Productivity is about ..

A

Ratio of inputs and outputs and how these ratios can be maximized

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6
Q

Increase & decline in productivity ..

A

affects growth and profitability

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7
Q

Productivity motivates ..

A

competitiveness

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8
Q

Alfred Chandler

A

analysed productivity in the Industrial Revolution

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9
Q

Taylorism

A

studying ways of increasing productivity by changing the production process

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10
Q

High rode

A

high level of investments in infrastructure, skills etc. to improve productivity

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11
Q

Low rode

A

hardly any investments, capitalism

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12
Q

Strategies for boosting productivity

A

Capital intensity, intensification, innovations

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13
Q

Important elements of productivity

A

Transport and infrastructure

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14
Q

Digitization of business activities

A

causes a productivity transition troth = decline, increase curve

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15
Q

Amartya Sen

A

Welfare: focus on human development (autonomy, freedom, capabilities)

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16
Q

How to measure welfare?

A

income, morality, housing, electricity, freedom, water etc.

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17
Q

How is inequality caused?

A

Contigent, incidental, individual (some lucky some not), political (not a choice)

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18
Q

Neoclassical

A

The market could reduce inequalities

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19
Q

Statist/developmentalist

A

The state is an inequality mechanism, it can create, solve or maintain it

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20
Q

Critical political economy

A

Inequality because of class relations

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21
Q

Social inequalities

A

Uneven distribution of resources

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22
Q

Measures of inequality

A

Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, Palma ratio, Relative poverty

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23
Q

Thomas Picketty

A

Rich will get richer and the poor will never catch up because incomes do not grow. Capitalism increases inequality. Market worship is bad. Calls for global tax and democracy.

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24
Q

Lorenz Curve

A

Distributie of income in a population

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25
Q

Palma ratio

A

Top 10 percent / Bottom 40 percent

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26
Q

Intergenerational transmission of poverty

A

Features of poverty are passed on to next generations (vicious circle)

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27
Q

Transcient inequalities

A

Inequality can change by for example government measures

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28
Q

Malign

A

wars, war taxes, conflicts, epidemics, state breakdowns

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29
Q

Benign

A

mass education, relaxed constraints on trade, tech progress, finance capital

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30
Q

Current forces acting on inequality

A

globalization, plutocratic politics (wealthy peeps), relaxed constraints on trade, tech progress

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31
Q

Angus Deaton

A

Inequality has increased but it is not the main thing to worry about

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32
Q

Kuznets curve

A

Hypothesis about inequality; inequality declines by industrialization

33
Q

Extrapolation

A

A trend is going to continue in the future (Picketty, Kuznets curve)

34
Q

Gradational inequality

A

There is a gradient income which makes people unequal.

35
Q

Relational inequality

A

What your position is, domination and exploitation (caste system)

36
Q

Charles Tilly

A

Principle of exclusions: your rights depend on the group you are in (categorical inequality)

37
Q

Categorical inequality

A

Inequality based on class, ethnicity, gender

38
Q

Eugenics movement

A

movement based on racial purification (inspired Hitler)

39
Q

Ricardo

A

Class is fundamental aspect of social life, especially within capitalism

40
Q

Weber

A

Class shapes social life and chances

41
Q

Marx

A

Class is about social relations between different groups (similar to Weber, tho Marx included exploitation)

42
Q

How to think about class?

A

As individual (race), as condition (living standard) and as inequality

43
Q

Class analysis

A

Formation, struggle, consciousness

44
Q

Class analysis of poverty

A

Genetic inferiority approach, culture of poverty, societal byproduct, class exploitation approach

45
Q

Intersectionality

A

Multiple factors bearing on life experiences within capitalism

46
Q

Market-state dualism

A

Looking at the state and market seperately

47
Q

Varieties of Capitalism

A

Hall & Soskice; Liberal Market Economy & Coordinated Market Economy

48
Q

Shareholders

A

Own the company, provide capital for the company (own the share). The profit the company makes it their dividend

49
Q

Stakeholders

A

Parties that lend a company many or are simply interested

50
Q

LME

A

Free role in allocation of resources; shareholder decides; to accumulate capital; short term

51
Q

CME

A

Large role of the state; stakeholders; long term

52
Q

Variegated financialisation

A

Arrangements on how firms are governed & financed; all firms are a political construct; ongoing process of market making

53
Q

Hirschman

A

Introduced the discussion between exit, loyalty and voice in stake&shareholder capitalism

54
Q

Voice

A

Representation of parties, government etc

55
Q

Industrial relations

A

Individual bargaining (less power for workers) & peak bargaining (more power for workers)

56
Q

World scale financialization

A

National financial systems vary more often; capital market liberalization evolves; financial interdependence

57
Q

Financialization of social life

A

housing, education, social protection

58
Q

Modes of incorporation

A

process by which countries have been incorporated in the world economy over time

59
Q

Critics of Sen

A

Capitalism can liberate people

60
Q

Indicators development

A

Millennium Development Goals & Sustainable Development Goals

61
Q

What are the main development debates?

A

Modernization, Industrialization, Mobility/Underdevelopment, Marketization

62
Q

'’Race to the bottom’’

A

Competition on the global market has negative effects

63
Q

Extractive institutions

A

countries centered around exploitation; no opportunities

64
Q

Inclusive institutions

A

everyone can participate in economic life (not always positive because in China, peasants had no reason to invest)

65
Q

The liberal market view

A

Eliminate exclusion, inclusion in the world market

66
Q

Ten commandments Washington

A

Telling developing countries not to protect their infant industries

67
Q

Embedded autonomy

A

Issue of industrial promotion in developing countries; strong state. good bureaucracy; advice capitalists

68
Q

State capture

A

The state has no autonomy, capitalists decide everything (opposite of embedded autonomy)

69
Q

Claus Ale

A

Capitalists have veto in a capitalist economy

70
Q

Evans, Huber, Stephens

A

How effective is the State? Explaining this by reflecting on effective states as dependent variable (makes that they are actually important) (focus on state capacity)

71
Q

Institutional responsibility matrix

A

family, state, market, community

72
Q

The welfare mix

A

Variation in institutional mix, so what aspects (state, market, family, community) are important in the specific country?

73
Q

Anderson

A

How people are protected from the market by the state; aspects of social life are commodities; all depends on political class settlements

74
Q

Karl Polanyi

A

People are dependent on the market and at one point need protection from the market. Why? Because a self-regulating market economy is a myth; an institution needs to protect the people

75
Q

McKloskey

A

Markets have improved welfare

76
Q

Types of welfare states

A

social, democratic, liberal and continental

77
Q

Nordic welfare states

A

Very social democratic so; state protection

78
Q

US and UK welfare states

A

Liberal; little market protection

79
Q

Adverse incorporation

A

Occurs in countries that do not have welfare; people rely on the family or communities; exploitation in return for help; no state protection

Configuring the World (1 decks)

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