Final Exam Flashcards
Genetic makeup is the same as
Genotype
DNA stands for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
If B represents black and b represents red and B.B. is the homozygous dominant condition, what would you get if you crossed a bb and a bb individual
All red
A red female and a white male shorthorn produce a roan offspring this is an example of
Codominance
Having matching alleles at a given point in the chromosome is said to be
Homozygous
The process of cell division
Mitosis
The expression of one gene is influenced by the presence of another describes
Epistasis
The average gestation length in cattle is
281 days
The average gestation length in sheep and goats is
150 days
The average gestation length in pigs is
115 days
The usual genetic effect of outbreeding (crossbreeding) is
Increase heterozygosity
A general term for the act of giving birth is properly referred to as
Parturition
Animals mates together which are from two different breeds are
Crossbred
Ovaries produce
Ova
The average length of estrous cycle in cattle is
21 days
Difficulty giving birth is
Dystocia
_____ is the measure of reliability associated with an EPD
Accuracy
Refers to a situation we’re the same or many of the same genes control two traits
Genetic correlation
This structure is considered the “birth canal” and separates the external environment from the internal environment
Vagina
Site of fertilization in most livestock species
Uterus
The “organ of pregnancy” and has a body and two horns
Uterus
Produces progesterone
C.L.
FSH
Causes the follicle to produce •estrogen
•Is called follicle stimulating hormone
•Is prohibited by progesterone
(All of the above)
The proportion of phenotypic variation that can be passed from parent to offspring is
Heritability
Circle which is NOT an economical important trait selected
EPD’s
What are TWO items that are included in the herd reproductive measures in swine
All of the above
What is GnRH
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
What is the abbreviation for Follicle Stimulating Hormone
FSH
Define dystocia
Difficulty in birth
What can we do to limit dystocia
Breed with a light birth weight bull
What is the stress disease in swine called
Porcine stress syndrome
Bw
Birth weight
The first genetic finding were on what
Sheep
What are the possible genotypes for two specimens that are homozygous for long noses (LL) and blue eyes (BB)
LB and BL
Carcass traits in beef cattle are
Highly heritable
EPD stands for
Expected Progeny Difference
A genetic evaluation resource in sheep is
NSIP
What is DHI
Dairy herd index
A multi celled embryo is called an
Morula
Which hormone initiates release of FSH and LH
Testosterone
The means an animal uses to bring food into its mouth is
Prehension
A castrated male calf is called
Steer
The four compartments in ruminant stomachs are (in order)
Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
The chief site of digestion and absorption for monogastrics is
Small intestine
What is the large intestine in horses made up of
Cecum, large colon, small colon, rectum
A good example of animal derived source of protein
Blood meal
The following nutrient is made of long chains of amino acids
Proteins
Which of the following is not an essential nutrient
NPN
Depending on the type of enterprise, the cost of feed and feeding is oftentimes _______ of the total cost of livestock production
45-75%
Blood is made up of ___-____ % water
70-80
True or false- trace minerals are needed in LARGE amounts
False
T/F- a defiance of phosphorus can decrease appetites
True
T/F- copper can be fed to sheep and is a micro mineral
False
What is one cultural use we use animals for today
Religious practices
What is one type of stress an animal can have
Environmental stress
Monogastric herbivore
Horse
Commercial livestock production that is considered ______ generally means the animals are confined so that mechanization and the latest technology can be maximized and individual attention can be given to the animals without greatly increasing labor
Intensive
What is colic
A digestive disturbance
The combination of disciplines that together comprise the study of domestic animals is called
Animal science
What are the trace minerals?
Iron Iodine Selenium Copper Manganese Cobalt Fluoride Zinc
All the above are trace minerals except
Sodium
This part of the small intestine is site of food breakdown
Duodenum
Rumination is
The animal regurgitates the food eaten earlier and spends time chewing it
All of the following are essential nutrients EXCEPT
DDG
