Final Exam

Question 1

Answer 1

Main Street, Virginia City, NV c. 1875

• Buildings: Knights of Pythias, E Clampus Vitus Building and Miner’s Union Hall
• False front urbanism
• Association between ornamental facades and civic buildings

Question 2

Answer 2

Broadway, New Haven, CT c. 2001

• Reference to Main Street
• Regeneration of Main Street as gentrification
• Influence of Yale University in city planning
• Trading small businesses for chains
• Facades imitate architectural diversity

Question 3

Answer 3

Machu Picchu, Inca citadel, 15th c.

• Ideal of the “lost world”
• Ashlar masonry allowed for lack of mortar
• Steep terracing called for precision

Question 4

Answer 4

Chichen Itza, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, 800-1200 CE

Question 5

Answer 5

Teotihuacan, Mexico, 100 BCE - 250 CE

• Monumentality of form
• Monumentality embodying the strength of the civilisation
• Talud and tablero construction
• Avenue of the Dead connects the Temple of the Moon and the Temple of the Sun
• Avenue of the Dead organized as a celestial gesture
• Exploitation of labor
• Plan reflects social hierarchy

Question 6

Answer 6

Teotihuacan, Mexico, 100 BCE - 250 CE, Plan

• Dominant axiality
• Modularity in plan

Question 7

Answer 7

Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, 9th - 12th c.

• Development of khiva - underground, ceremonial rooms
• 1906: American Antiquities Act, in response to looting the site
• Utilization of nature in architectural production
• Man-made mountain built as a defense

Question 8

Answer 8

Piegan Prairie Camp, c. 1908

• Mobility and freedom from the land
• Nomadic architecture

Question 9

Answer 9

Plan of San Antonio

• Spanish Law of the Indies, 1573
• Western engagement with the grid
• Synthesis of urbanism and colonialism
• Laying claim to territory

Question 10

Answer 10

Timgad, Algeria c. 100

• Roman colonial outpost
• Grid template
• Grid aided in organizing expanding territory

Question 11

Answer 11

Valladolid, Yucatan, Mexico, c. 1545

• Small Mayan town converted into a settlement
• Inertia of first settlements - etching and reetching of urban lines
• Interior of blocks are green
• Quaint irregularity - frontier town
• Civic spaces framed by porches and arcades

Question 12

Answer 12

New Orleans, 1718

• French settlement
• Fortified like a bastide town
• Shaped by the Mississippi river

Question 13

Answer 13

Castello Plan of New Amsterdam, 1660

• Dutch influence
• Laid out with canals
• Fortified battery at southernnmost tip

Question 14

Answer 14

John Bonner Map of Boston, 1722

• Incremental and topographic street layout
• Organic sprawl
• T-form urbanism

Question 15

Answer 15

Plan of Town of New Haven, 1748

• Top-down planning
• 9-square grid

Question 16

Answer 16

Paul Revere House, Boston, MA, c. 1680

• Second floor overhands the first
• Mortise and Tenon construction
• Room on second floor as a defense system
• Vernacular colonial architecture

Question 17

Answer 17

Monticello, Charlottesville, VA, c. 1760-90

• Thomas Jefferson
• Fringes of an empire
• References classical architecture
• Palladio’s influence in ionic columns, domed rotunda, portico
• Pastiche of classical vernacular
• Gradient of privacy through the landscape
• Cross-axial relationship between functional spaces

Question 18

Answer 18

Land Ordinance 1785

• Standardized system of land division
• Harbinger for the construction of frontier settlements

Question 19

Answer 19

University of Virginia, 1817-26

• Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Latrobe
• Latrobe branded himself as an expert of neoclassical forms
• References the insularity of a plantation

Question 20

Answer 20

Commissioner’s Plan, 1807

• Overlays grid on the entire island
• Visionary plan meant to be implemented over time
• Missing central park

Question 21

Answer 21

Gramercy Park, 1830s

• Developer: Samuel Ruggles
• Uses square to organize new urban district
• References the residential sqare in London
• Preservation of public spaces

Question 22

Answer 22

“Sachem’s Wood” Hillhouse Family Mansion, New Haven, CT, 1829

• Andrew Jackson Davis
• Brownstone, Brick and Stucco
• Flat roof with center pediment and portico
• Elite planning as a district apart from the city
• Avenue is misaligned from the grid, instead built like a cul-de-sac
• Disengages with the city

Question 23

Answer 23

Grove Street Cemetrery, 1797

• with Egyptianate Revival Gate, 1845
• Henry Austin

Question 24

Answer 24

Tontine Crescent, Boston, MA, 1793-95

• Charles Bulfinch
• Tontine - real estate investment by selling shares
• Syndicate for investors
• Speculative housing for the new professions
• Align community in a row

Question 25

Answer 25

**Girard Row**, Philadelphia, PA, 1831-37 * Fatest growing cities with diverse exciting economies * Accommodations for new urban dwellers * Housing for goldsmiths, bricklayers, merchants, shoemakers

Question 26

Answer 26

**Willis Bristol House**, New Haven, CT, 1845 * Henry Austin * Moorish architecture * Decorative elements * Italianate form

Question 27

Answer 27

**Eastern State Penitentiary**, Philadelphia, 1823-36 * John Haviland * Prototype for the modern mall * Shopping is rationalized

Question 28

Answer 28

**Slater's Mill**, Pawtucket, RI, 1793 * Mass produciton of clothing in 19th c. * Civic cupola and bell tower highlight presence in the landscape