Final Exam Flashcards
Head
Energy per unit weight of fluid
Aquifer
Water-bearing formation that can transmit water
Aquitard
Stratum less permeable than adjacent stratum
Aquiclude
Impervious stratum
Constant-Head Boundary
A body of water where the pressure head remains the same
Unconfined Aquifer
an aquifer where the water table occurs within the aquifer layer
Uniform Flow
When flow is relatively the same in all places.
Sorption
Contaminant moves from the aqueous to the solid phase
Longitudinal Dispersion
Dispersion in the direction of flow
Transverse Dispersion
Dispersion perpendicular to the direction of flow
θf
Field Capacity
ϴ=Vw/V
Volume Water Content
n
Porosity
p/уw
Pressure Head
Overland Flow
Moves over the top of the ground
Interflow
Moves in ground towards body of water above GWT
Infiltration
Goes into ground
Unsaturated Zone
Above GWT all ground
Recharge
Goes into GWT
Saturated Zone
Area below GWT
Ground Water Discharge
Water flowing into lake from under GWT
What are Solid Lines
Steam lines/ Water Flow/ Pathlines
What are Dashed Lines
Equipotentials/Head Contours
What happens at the point where solid lines converge?
Water is pumping from one well to the other because one is pumping Q and the other is pumping -Q
Whats happening where the solid lines diverge
The water is being pumped away from the one well and is being pumped in at the other well.
Leaky Aquifer (Graph)
Has a regular line and a dotted line
Unconfined Aquifer (Graph)
Has 2 dotted lines and 2 solid lines
Theis Confined Aquifer (Graph)
Has only one solid line w/no dotted lines
Steady State
No t in the derivative
Unsteady State
t in the derivative
Isotropic/Homogeneous
K has no direction
Anisotropic/Heterogeneous
Kx,Ky, and Kz
Recharge/Leakage
N is present
LUST
Leaking Underground Storage Tank
NAPL
Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid
LNAPL
Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid
DNAPL
Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid
Advection
Bulk flow of contaminant with ground water
Mechanical Dispersion
Mixing or spreading of contamination due to fluid velocity variations
Molecular Diffusion
Mixing or spreading of contamination due to random motions of molecules
2 Types of Decay Reactions
1) Zero-Order
2) First-Order
Zero-Order
Concentration decreases at a constant rate
First-Order
Concentration decreases at a rate proportional to the concentration
Absorption
Incorporated into the bulk of something else
Adsorption
Attached to a solid surface
