Final Exam Flashcards
Traits may not be perfectly adaptive because of:
all of the above
In order for a trait to qualify as an adaptation, it must
develop as a result of natural selection
Measures of reproductive success that do not actually involve looking at relative reproductive success across many generations are called:
proxies
The comparative method of behavioral investigation will often use phylogenetic analysis
true
Your text suggests that the fact that ground-nesting black-headed gulls engage in mobbing behavior while closely related kittiwake (that are cliff-nesting) do not mob illustrates an example of:
Divergent evolution
Observations of peppered moths by H.B.D. Kettlewell provided striking evidence of natural selection operating on different color morphs in the species
true
Optimality theory is associated with analysis of costs and benefits
true
Meire and Ervynck developed a highly accurate optimal foraging model for oystercatchers. They predicted that the most optimal targets were the largest mussels because those animals yielded “the most bang for the buck.”
false
Frequency-dependent selection
refers to selection that tends to increase rarer forms of a trail
The principle of parsimony suggests that
the simplest explanation is often the best
Idea free distribution theory predicts
individuals will select different habitats based on maximizing fitness
Gordon Orians tested the ideal free distribution theory using red-winged blackbirds. He studied other females of this species choose lower quality territories when higher quality territories were occupied
true
Marler and Moore tested the costs of territoriality by implanting testosterone beneath the skin of Yarrow’s spiny lizard during a non-breeding time of the year. They found that:
Implanted lizards began exhibiting territorial behaviors and sought out females to mate with
Animals occupying a particular area but not engaging territorial defense behaviors are
said to occupy a home range
Kemp and Wiklund modified Nick Davies experiments on speckled wood butterflies in their efforts to test the prediction that:
Residents generally prevail in territorial contests with intruders
Your text describes a hypothesis that predicts animals may tolerate familiar or neighboring competitors to a greater degree than unfamiliar competitors. This hypothesis is based on an idea called
Dear enemy effect
Debra Sheir and Ron Swaisgood moved 99 kangaroo rats, permitting about half to retain their familiar neighbors and mixing unfamiliar pairs for the remainder. They found that once rats were established in their new spaces, those in familiar groups reproduced more successfully
true
Dispersal in mammals is
more often seen in males