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Geriatrics Final > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The steering wheel angle should be directed:
A

Towards the chest

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2
Q
  1. The steering wheel distance from driver should be:
A

10 inches

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3
Q
  1. Hand positions on the steering wheel should be:
A

9 and 3

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4
Q
  1. If a person does not have good foot contact with the foot pedals, then:
A

Her leg muscles can fatigue resulting in delayed braking

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5
Q
  1. Mirrors should be positioned to:
A

Eliminate all blind spots

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6
Q 
Your client is experiencing loud wheezing and extreme difficulty breathing in and out. She is having tachycardia and is perspiring. What type of lung disease does she likely have?
A.	Asthma
B.	Bronchiectasis
C.	Emphysema
D.	Chronic bronchitis
A

Asthma

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7
Q 
2. Which of the following items should not be used on or near a patient with COPD?
A.	Talcum or other powders
B.	Oxygen
C.	Frozen foods
D.	Bath towels
A

A. Talcum or other powders

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8
Q 
3. What techniques can the COTA use with an elder who is predisposed to fatigue?
A.	Energy conservation techniques
B.	Resting techniques
C.	Work simplification techniques
D.	A and C
A

D. EC and WS

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9
Q
  1. How does pursed-lip breathing help patients with COPD?
    A. It improves breathing by keeping the airways open longer.
    B. It slows breathing.
    C. It calms anxious patients.
    D. A and B
A

A and B

Slows breathing and improves breathing by keeping airways open longer.

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10
Q

What is the ultimate goal of OT with elders who have COPD?
A. To maximize their level of independence as they adjust to living with a chronic condition
B. To minimize the amount of time the elder spends unsupervised
C. To discourage the use of medications and encourage the use of breathing techniques
D. None of the above

A

A. To maximize their level of independence as they adjust to living with a chronic condition

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11
Q

. What is the definition of scanning?
A. The ability to mentally manipulate visual information and integrate it with other sensory information to solve problems
B. The ability to retain a mental picture of a visual stimulus
C. The ability to identify the salient features of an objective
D. The ability to recognize patterns

A

A. The ability to mentally manipulate visual information and integrate it with other sensory information to solve problems

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12
Q

A COTA is working with a client who had a CVA (stroke). The COTA notices that the client is not working with objects placed on the right side of the body. Which of the following actions would the COTA take first?
A. Review the chart for information on diagnoses that would lead to this vision deficit.
B. Call the OTR immediately and report the abnormality.
C. Call the low vision specialist.
Call the facility’s ophthalmologist or optometrist

A

Review the chart for information on diagnoses that would lead to this vision deficit.

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13
Q

Which of the following environmental changes can improve an elder’s vision at home?
A. Good room lighting
B. Good direct lighting for detail work (reading and sewing)
C. Using solid backgrounds for bedspreads, place mats, and so on
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

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14
Q

Select the best response for OTRs and COTAs implementing treatment strategies with visually impaired elders?
A. The COTA should attend seminars and be mentored by the OTR before performing treatment strategies.
B. The COTA and OTR should attend seminars and be supervised by a trained ophthalmologist during treatment strategies.
C. The COTA and OTR do not require service competency in this area.
D. The COTA should be mentored by an ophthalmologist.

A

B. The COTA and OTR should attend seminars and be supervised by a trained ophthalmologist during treatment strategies.

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15
Q

Which of the following defines hemi-neglect?
A. The neglect of the left or right side of the visual space
B. The neglect of the top half of the body or the bottom half
C. Absence of neglect of left or right side of the visual space
D. Absence of neglect of the top or bottom half of the body

A

A. The neglect of the left or right side of the visual space

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16
Q 
Predict the maximum heart rate for a healthy elder who is 72 years old.
A.	43 bpm
B.	89 bpm
C.	148 bpm
D.	204 bpm
A

C. 148

220-72(age)=148

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17
Q

Which of the following changes in an elder would cause you to stop an activity?
A. Cough
B. A heart rate between the normal and maximum ranges
C. Angina
D. Blood pressure of 140/84 mm Hg

A

C. Angina

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18
Q 
. Your client today is a hemodialysis patient who has a shunt in the left forearm. You are preparing to take his vital signs (heart rate, pulse, and blood pressure). From where should you take his blood pressure?
A.	Left upper arm
B.	Left forearm
C.	Right upper arm
D.	Right forearm
A

C. Right upper arm

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19
Q

For a client in cardiac rehabilitation with low endurance and low activity tolerance, the metabolic equivalent (MET) table can be used to estimate the energy expended when performing an activity. What do you use in addition to the MET table to determine cardiovascular stress for this client?
A. Heart rate and blood pressure responses
B. Patient complaints
C. Patient history
D. Age

A

A. Heart rate and blood pressure responses

20
Q

For elders in denial about their cardiac disease, which education should they receive from the COTA?
A. Eat the right diet and exercise daily.
B. Follow the work–rest–work principle to reduce fatigue.
C. Continue pushing yourself and overwork to improve their heart muscle.
D. Maintain a steady pace throughout the day and rest when they feel like it.

A

B. Follow the work–rest–work principle to reduce fatigue.

21
Q
  1. Which of the following is the correct order of events for normal urination in women?
    A. The bladder fills with urine, stretch receptors activate, the pelvic floor and sphincter sense pressure, the urge to void is felt, the urethra relaxes, and the bladder empties.
    B. The stretch receptors activate, the pelvic floor and sphincter sense pressure, the bladder fills with urine, the urge to void is felt, the urethra relaxes, and the bladder empties.
    C. An urge to void is felt, the bladder fills with urine, the stretch receptor activate, the urethra relaxes, and the bladder empties.
    D. The pelvic floor and sphincter sense pressure, the stretch receptors activate, the bladder fills with urine, the urge to void is felt, and the bladder empties.
A

A. The bladder fills with urine, stretch receptors activate, the pelvic floor and sphincter sense pressure, the urge to void is felt, the urethra relaxes, and the bladder empties

22
Q 
2.	Ms. Bell has symptoms of urinary incontinence, including uncontrollable loss of urine when she coughs, laughs, and sneezes. Which type of incontinence does she have?
A.	Stress incontinence
B.	Overflow incontinence
C.	Mixed incontinence
D.	Functional incontinence
A

A. Stress incontinence

23
Q 
3.	Your client is having symptoms of urinary incontinence, including the inability to hold her urine until she gets to the bathroom. What type of incontinence does she have?
A.	Stress incontinence
B.	Overflow incontinence
C.	Urge incontinence
D.	Functional incontinence
A

C. Urge incontinence

24
Q
  1. Your client is an 80-year-old newly admitted resident to a long-term care facility. The client recently became incontinent in the hospital while recovering from a total hip replacement. The health care team has determined that “prompted voiding” should be implemented. Which of the following reflects the correct actions taken in prompted voiding?
    A. The resident is taken to the bathroom or placed on a bedpan every 2 hours around the clock until the routine becomes habit.
    B. The resident is asked if she needs to void every 1 to 2 hours by the caregivers, who are responsible for documenting if the resident is wet or dry and if she needs to void.
    C. Caregivers instruct the resident to resist the urge to urinate except on a timed schedule determined by the staff.
    D. Caregivers instruct the resident to relax the abdominal muscles while contracting the pelvic floor muscles.
A

B. The resident is asked if she needs to void every 1 to 2 hours by the caregivers, who are responsible for documenting if the resident is wet or dry and if she needs to void.

25
Q
  1. Your 80-year-old nursing home resident is on “timed voiding.” What does this mean?
    A. The resident is asked if she needs to void every 1 to 2 hours by the caregivers, who are responsible for documenting if the resident is wet or dry and if she needs to void.
    B. Caregivers instruct the resident to resist the urge to urinate except on a timed schedule determined by the staff.
    C. Caregivers instruct the resident to relax the abdominal muscles while contracting the pelvic floor muscles.
    D. The resident is taken to the bathroom or placed on a bedpan every 2 hours around the clock for the first 2 weeks to determine an appropriate voiding schedule
A

D. The resident is taken to the bathroom or placed on a bedpan every 2 hours around the clock for the first 2 weeks to determine an appropriate voiding schedule

26
Q 
1. What is one of the first changes in communication a person with Alzheimer’s disease might display?
A.	Problems with nouns
B.	Problems with long-term memory
C.	Problems with pronunciation of words
D.	All of the above
A

A. Problems with nouns

27
Q

While the COTA is performing therapy on an elder with mild or moderate Alzheimer’s disease, the elder states, “I don’t want to do this. I want to see my sister now; she’s waiting for me.” You know that the elder’s sister is not at the facility and probably is not coming today. Select your best response:
A. “That’s okay, we can stop. I know you want to see your sister.”
B. “Let’s continue your exercises until your sister comes.”
C. “It will be very nice to visit with your sister today. I imagine you are missing her a little. Let’s continue your therapy until she arrives, okay?”
D. “Your sister is not coming today. Let’s just keep going and spend some time together.”

A

C. “It will be very nice to visit with your sister today. I imagine you are missing her a little. Let’s continue your therapy until she arrives, okay?”

28
Q
  1. A COTA’s resident with late or severe Alzheimer’s disease is receiving some bedside activities to maintain range of motion and support socialization. Which of the following COTA behaviors should be kept in mind while performing activities with this client?
    A. Be aware that nonverbal messages may still be comprehended by the resident such as acting rushed, looking at the clock, sighing, or raising the voice.
    B. Be aware that the patient can no longer hear or verbalize words, but the COTA can still talk gently to the resident.
    C. Be alert to the fact that the resident may stop breathing at any time and the COTA’s body language should be calm and the voice soothing.
    D. Be alert to the fact that the COTA’s performance is being observed at all times and the COTA’s behavior should be kind and gentle with late-stage patients.
A

A. Be aware that nonverbal messages may still be comprehended by the resident such as acting rushed, looking at the clock, sighing, or raising the voice.

29
Q

Which of the following behaviors would you expect to see in a dementia patient with “sun-downing” syndrome?
A. Normal behavior for the resident, which might include confusion and wandering
B. Abnormal behavior for the resident, which might include yelling, screaming, wandering continuously, and hitting or pushing staff
C. Wandering, asking questions constantly, having delusions or hallucinations, and getting lost in the facility
D. Impaired ambulation and gait with possible falls, lack of appetite, and incontinence

A

B. Abnormal behavior for the resident, which might include yelling, screaming, wandering continuously, and hitting or pushing staff

30
Q

. Which of the following actions should the COTA keep in mind when working with patients who have dementia or Alzheimer’s disease?
A. The patients still are able to reason and follow directions, no matter what stage of the disease they are experiencing.
B. Logic will help incoherent or hallucinating elders return to reality.
C. A respectful response always exists for every behavior, and the COTA must find and use that response in the situation.
D. Disrespect from confused elders is frequently seen and is something that is just tolerated.

A

C. A respectful response always exists for every behavior, and the COTA must find and use that response in the situation.

31
Q 
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for stroke?
A.	Obesity
B.	Family history of stroke
C.	Increasing age
D.	Gender
A

A. Obesity

32
Q 
Your 70-year-old male client has aphasia, perceptual deficits, and contralateral sensory deficits. Which cerebral artery was involved in the stroke?
A.	Middle cerebral artery
B.	Posterior cerebral artery
C.	Vertebral artery
D.	Cerebellar artery
A

A. Middle cerebral artery

33
Q

. Which of the following functions is evaluated by the COTA in the motor assessment following a stroke?
A. Evaluation of pain, pressure, and temperature
B. Ability to maintain the body in an upright position and hyper- or hypotonicity
C. Cognitive skills
D. Communication skills

A

B. Ability to maintain the body in an upright position and hyper- or hypotonicity

34
Q

When positioning a client with hemiplegia after therapy, the COTA places the client in a supine position. What else would the COTA do to complete positioning this client correctly?
A. Ensure the trunk and upper extremities are aligned and support the hemiplegic upper extremity on pillows with the palm facing up.
B. Place the client on the unaffected side with the trunk and upper extremities aligned.
C. With the elder lying on his front, position the pillow for comfort and support the hemiplegic arm and leg with additional pillows.
D. Nothing further is needed.

A

A. Ensure the trunk and upper extremities are aligned and support the hemiplegic upper extremity on pillows with the palm facing up.

35
Q

When performing activities and occupations with an elder with right hemiplegia of the upper extremity, special attention should be paid to:
A. Prevention of flexion or abduction of the elder’s shoulder and scapula
B. The elder’s verbal communication
C. The elder’s hyper- or hypotonic unaffected arm
D. The unaffected side of the body as much as the affected side of the body

A

A. Prevention of flexion or abduction of the elder’s shoulder and scapula

36
Q

Which of the following statements is true about the normal aging changes in the swallowing structures?
A. The structures adapt and compensate with age.
B. The structures lose their ability to adapt and compensate with age.
C. The structure do not change with age.
D. The structures change and leave the elder with the inability to swallow.

A

B. The structures lose their ability to adapt and compensate with age.

37
Q

In frail elders, which age-related swallowing change would you expect to see in the pharyngeal phase?
A. Decreased strength in the lips and tongue and jaw muscles may result in drooling, decreased chewing, and problems moving the bolus in the mouth.
B. The time of passage of the bolus increases, increasing the risk of aspiration.
C. Food content may reflux from the stomach and reenter the esophagus and pharynx.
D. Cognitive impairment, missing teeth, or poor-fitting dentures may result in slow eating.

A

B. The time of passage of the bolus increases, increasing the risk of aspiration.

38
Q

In healthy elders, which age-related swallowing change would you expect to see?
A. Muscle tone decreases in the lips, tongue, and esophagus.
B. Cognitive impairments distract elders from eating all of their food.
C. Reflux of stomach contents occurs into the esophagus and pharynx.
D. Decreased endurance in eating limits the amount of time spent eating.

A

A. Muscle tone decreases in the lips, tongue, and esophagus.

39
Q

You are considering making a few suggestions for improving the dining experience for elders in an assisted living facility. Which of the following would you recommend as an environmental change to improve social interaction during mealtimes?
A. Take food items off the serving tray and place them directly on the table.
B. Provide natural light without glare or soft, diffused overhead lighting.
C. Turn off the TV during the meals and use age-appropriate soft music.
D. Serve the meals soon after the elders arrive at the table.

A

C. Turn off the TV during the meals and use age-appropriate soft music

40
Q

Select the best seating option for a frail elder at mealtime.
A. Sitting in bed
B. Sitting in a geriatric chair
C. Sitting in a wheelchair
D. Sitting in a dining room chair with armrests

A

C. Sitting in a wheelchair

41
Q

At which point does safety related to hearing loss become a problem for elders?
A. When elders have completely lost their hearing
B. When elders are unable to hear alarms and other warning signals
C. When elders cannot hear their children and grandchildren
D. When elders cannot hear normal sounds around the house such as the TV

A

B. When elders are unable to hear alarms and other warning signals

42
Q 
Hearing loss in the elderly results in which of the following?
A.	Embarrassment
B.	Loneliness
C.	Isolation
D.	All of the above
A

D. All of the above

43
Q

Your home-based client is having some mild hearing problems and asks you what she can do to improve her environment to hear better. What would you recommend she do?
A. Nothing; you have assessed her hearing as normal.
B. Have her hearing checked by an ear specialist.
C. Add carpet to the floors and drapes on her windows to reduce background noise.
D. Move to a house or apartment that is away from noisy environments.

A

C. Add carpet to the floors and drapes on her windows to reduce background noise.

44
Q

You see a hearing-impaired elder coming down the hallway. She appears lost as if she cannot find her room. How will you approach her?
A. Walk up to the elder from behind, take her under the arm, and guide her to her room.
B. Walk up to the side of the elder and touch her arm; then ask if you can take her to your room.
C. Because the elder looks fine and appears stable walking on her own, she will find the room by herself.
D. Approach the elder from the front, make eye contact, and then ask if you can help her find the room.

A

D. Approach the elder from the front, make eye contact, and then ask if you can help her find the room

45
Q

Which of the following recommendations would be made for an elder who has trouble with background noise at home?
A. Have the elder focus on the speaker’s lips, looking directly at the speaker. The speaker should speak clearly and in a low tone.
B. Add carpeting to floors and drapes on windows and replace wood and metal furniture with upholstered furniture.
C. Go to restaurants at less crowded times and sit in areas away from music and the kitchen.
D. Add flashing lights or lower pitched rings to smoke detectors, doorbells, and telephones.

A

B. Add carpeting to floors and drapes on windows and replace wood and metal furniture with upholstered furniture.

Geriatrics Final (1 decks)

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