Final Exam Flashcards

Question

Harvey Milk (4)

Answer 1

the first openly gay man to be elected to public office; was elected to serve in the SF Board of Supervisors; gay rights activist; assassinated in 1978

Answer 2

1987 book by Jonathan Kozol about homeless families in America

Answer 3

Mexican American empowerment movement; younger Mexican Americans were impatient with the MAPA, or Mexican American Political Association, so they proclaimed a new term, Chicano, to replace Mexican American; pressed for bilingual education

Answer 4

LBJ's version of the Democratic reform program; in 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.

Answer 5

Eisenhower's policy on Vietnam; if France's war efforts in Southeast Asia, especially Vietnam, failed, then all non-communist governments in the region would collapse; even when France did pull out, this theory drove the US to continue fighting North Vietnam

Answer 6

a youth-dominated political movement of the 1960s, embodied in such organizations as Students for a Democratic Society and the Free Speech Movement

Answer 7

joint resolution of the U.S. Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in direct response to a minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident; of historical significance because it gave LBJ authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia

Answer 8

Multi-point program offered by Republican candidates and sitting politicians in the 1994 midterm election; blow to Clinton administration; led to takeover of House and Senate by GOP

Answer 9

manifesto adopted in 1962 by 60 students determined not to be a "silent generation," broad critique of American society and called for more genuine human relationships; proclaimed a "new left" and formed the "Students for a Democratic Society" envisioning a nonviolent youth movement transforming the US into a "participatory democracy" as an end to materialism, militarism, and racism

Answer 10

United States political faction that advocates social and political conservatism, school prayer, and federal aid for religious groups and schools

Answer 11

federal economic polices of the Reagan administration, elected in 1981; combined a monetarist fiscal policy, supply-side tax cuts, and domestic budget cutting to reduce government size and stimulate economic growth

Answer 12

provided for college or vocational education for returning GIs; provided one-year of unemployment compensation; also provided loans to buy homes and start businesses.

Answer 13

doctrine of militancy and separatism that rose in prominence after 1965; its activists rejected MLK's pacifism and desire for integration.

Answer 14

Civil Rights activists who traveled across the South on a crusade to end segregation in facilities serving interstate bus passengers; when southern officials failed to come to their aid, JFK dispatched federal marshals to protect the rider

Answer 15

headed by Cesar Chavez; succeeded in making working conditions better for Chicano "stoop laborers" who followed the planting cycle of the American West

Answer 16

Nixon administration's term to describe generally content, law-abiding middle-class Americans who supported both the Vietnam War and America's institutions; attempted to make a distinction between these white ppl and agitators (civil rights, anti Vietnam, etc.)

Answer 17

Term coined by Eisenhower; feared that the combined lobbying efforts of the armed services and industries that contracted with the military would lead to excessive Congressional spending

Answer 18

1973 — all state laws prohibiting abortions were made unconstitutional based on a woman's right to privacy

Answer 19

policies of the government aimed at increasing access to jobs, schooling, and opportunities to people previously discriminated against

Answer 20

taciturn, pro-business president (1923-1929) who took over after Harding's death; restored honesty to government; accelerated the tax cutting and antiregulation policies of his predecessor; his laissez-faire policies brought short-term prosperity from 1923 to 1929.

Answer 21

A doctrine developed by Truman in accordance with the containment policy that promised economic aid to those fighting communists; would later drag US into more conflicts such as Vietnam and Korea

Answer 22

an American actress who rose to stardom in the silent film era of the 1920s; her acting artistry and high spirits made her the premier flapper; leading sex symbol of the roaring twenties

Answer 23

ran for president in the 1928 election for the Democrat Party; known for his drinking and lost election to Hoover; first Roman Catholic to run for president, and it was during a time many people were prejudiced against Catholics

Answer 24

day that NYSE crashed; marked the beginning of the Great Depression, a period of economic hardship in US lasting from 1929 to 1939.

Answer 25

law passed due to 9/11 attacks; sought to prevent further terrorist attacks by allowing greater government access to electronic communications and other information; criticized by some as violating civil liberties

Answer 26

the name of the original protest that launched the populist anti-Wall Street movement in the late 2010 and early 2011 that protested inequality and corporate political power

Answer 27

proposed Calif. law that would ban gay/lesbian teachers from working in public schools and would ban public school employees from supporting gay rights

Answer 28

scandal that erupted after the Reagan administration sold weapons to Iran in hopes of freeing American hostages in Lebanon; money from the arms sales was used to aid the Contras (anti-Communist insurgents) in Nicaragua, even though Congress had prohibited this assistance

Answer 29

white middle-class youths, called hippies; New Left, against Vietnam War, turned back on America because they believed in a society based on peace and love; rock-n-roll, colorful clothes, and the use of drugs, lived in large groups

Answer 30

international trade organization that prompted strong protests from anti-global trade forces in Seattle, Washington in 1999

Answer 31

Minister of the Nation of Islam; urged blacks to claim their rights by any means necessary; more radical than other civil rights leaders of the time

Answer 32

Because of the closeness in the election of 2000, Gore ordered that ballots be recounted in Florida because of a potential mistake; Florida Supreme Court authorized a recount in all counties; Result: Such a recount is unconstitutional because there is no standard set in the Constitution to do such nor does the state of Florida have the right to set up a new election law

Answer 33

1994 — established free trade zone between Canada, United States and Mexico; net gain in jobs due to opening of Mexican markets

Answer 34

conservative female political activist; stopped the ERA from being passed, seeing that it would hinder women more than it would help them.

Answer 35

process by which US industry transferred industrial plants abroad to take advantage of cheaper labor and tax breaks; between 32 and 38 million jobs were lost during the 1970s due to deindustrialization.

Answer 36

policy adopted by the Bush in 2001 that asserts America's right to attack any nation that has weapons of mass destruction that might be used against U.S. interests at home or abroad

Answer 37

passed Congress in 1996; defined marriage as between only a man and women; however many states and companies extended benefits to same sex partners and many states legalized same sex marriage

Answer 38

#44; former community organizer and lawyer in Chicago

Answer 39

1968 — American troops had brutally massacred innocent women and children in the village of My Lai; also led to more opposition to the war.

Answer 40

lack of popular confidence in the truth of the claims or public statements made by the federal government, large corporations, politicians, etc.

Answer 41

1968 — National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment

Answer 42

Schoolchildren practiced crawling under their desks and putting their hands over their heads to protect themselves from an atomic bomb attack

Answer 43

1963 — best-selling book by feminist thinker Betty Friedan; challenged women to move beyond the drudgery of suburban housewifery and helped launch what would become second-wave feminism

Answer 44

1950 — McCarthy began a sensational campaign against communists (entertainers, teachers, democrats, gov't officials, screenwriters) that led to more than four years of charges and counter charges, ending when the Senate censured him in 1954

Answer 45

President Truman's domestic policy (1948) that included civil rights and an extension and enlargement of the New Deal — health insurance, federal aid to education, public housing

Answer 46

system of standardized mass production attributed to Henry Ford; principles based on assembly-line techniques, scientific management, mass consumption based on higher wages, and sophisticated advertising techniques

Answer 47

restrict the United States military from "witch-hunting" secretly gay, lesbian, and bisexual service members or applicants, while absolutely barring "openly" gay or bisexual people from joining the military, and expelling those already serving during Clinton's term

Answer 48

black artistic movement in New York City in the 1920s, when writers, poets, painters, and musicians came together to express feelings and experiences, especially about the injustices of Jim Crow

Answer 49

communist auto workers decided to march on the Ford Motor Co.'s River Rouge complex in Dearborn, Mich. for demands like jobs for laid off workers, immediate payment of wages, rest periods

Answer 50

led The Branch Davidians, a Texas cult; taken by federal agents and was found to have illegal firearms

Answer 51

political movement known for its conservative positions and its role in the Republican Party; members of the movement have called for a reduction of the U.S. national debt and federal budget deficit by reducing government spending, and for lower taxes (taxed enough already)

Answer 52

Economic Stabilization Act; law enacted in response to the subprime mortgage crisis authorizing the US Secretary of the Treasury to spend up to $700 billion

Answer 53

established English as Calif.'s official language