Final Exam Flashcards
What does positive psychology advocate to relieve depression and foster well-being?
focus on positives
smile and laugh
be social
exercise
tend to your spiritual life
get good sleep
self-confidence
self-esteem
self-efficacy
self-love
What is the effect of exercise, physical activity, or meditation on the functions of the brain?
relieves frustration and the brain releases endorphin which make you feel happier
Describe a panic attack & symptoms?
sudden episode of terror
signs:
rapid heart rate
rapid breathing
dizziness
sweating
faintness
chest discomfort
Describe Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and it’s symptoms?
development of anxiety, flashbacks, nightmares after a traumatic event
signs:
irritability
social withdrawal
emotionless
Which of the following are typical characteristics of obsessive-compulsive behavior?
Obessesive thinking and compulsive behavior.
The worried thoughts are persistent and instrusive and usually follow a theme.
Systems:
Anxiety generated by intense obssesions.
Which of the following are typical characteristics of a person suffering from depression? What are the risk factors that influence depression and how does depression affect physical health?
sad mood
loss of interest
low energy
poor sleep
hopeless
guilt or shame
Irreability anxiety and restlessness
weight loss
Increase or decrees in apeiteit
Suicidal thoughts and or action of suicide
What does tolerance mean in the disease of substance abuse?
With repeated use biological adaption leads to tolerence.
Person needs a higher does to feel the same effects.
What is the definition of addiction and it’s symptoms? Describe some examples of addictive behavior?
chronic brain disease characterized by compulsive use of a substance despite harmful consequences
symptoms:
social withdraw
excessive use
ignores hobbies and family
taking risks
denial
physical/mental health changes
What is a protective factor against substance misuse?
knowledge of substance and risks
selfconfidence
positive future plans
positive relationships
Which is one of the first steps in breaking addictive behavior?
Recognizing that you have a problem.
The secound is beleiving that the substance use is causing serious risk to you and others.
What is Diabetes mellitus and what is the definition of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia?
where blood glucose is very high due to defective production of insulin.
Hypoglycemia:
is abnormally low blood glucose levels
Hyperglycemia:
abnormally high blood glucose levels
How does stress contribute to diabetes?
stress releases cortisol, glucagon and others that increase your glucose/ can cause hyperglycemia
How do starch and fiber affect diabetes?
They slow the absorption of dietary sugars.
What does the aorta do?
pumps blood out to the body/Delivers blood.
It is the largest artery in the body, that carries blood away from the heart and deleivers it to the rest of the system.
What is HDL and what does it do?
The HDL (high density lipoProtein) is a lipid carrier.
The HDL is considered very benificial because it can pick up excess cholesterol and shuttle it to the liver to be recycled or exerted into the gut as bile.
What are things you can modify in your life to lower your risk for cardiovascular disease?
be active
don’t use tobacco
have a healthy diet
manage your weight
lower your stress
get good sleep
What is hypertension?
abnormally high blood pressure
High Blood pressure can damage the arteries, overwork the heart, and lead to a number of cardiovacular diseases.
Define systole and diastole.
When the heart pumps the muscles contract.
Systole:
Contraction of the heart muscle, Which pushes blood into the arteries
Is the contraction phase.
Disastole:
Is the relaxtion phase/peroid when the hearts chambers becomes filled with blood.
What is an ischemic stroke and a hemorrhagic stroke?
Ischemic Stroke
Is caused by inadequate blood supply to the brain.
Is cause by a brief interuption in blood flow to the brain.
(Caused by blood clots)
Hemorrhagic Stroke
caused by leaking or ruptured blood vessel
Common underlying cause is an aneurysm, a weekend or bulging blood vessell that can burst under pressure.
What are the benefits of regular physical activity on the cardiovascular system?
Lowered risk of hypertension, atherosclerosis, stroke and metobolic syndrom.
Helps heart pump out more blood with less effort
Resting heart rate falls.
Decline in blood pressure.
Lowers risk of diabities and obesity.
What are antioxidants and what do they do?
Foods high in antioxidents reduce cardiovascular disease and stroke risk.
Protect membrain of cell
Potent antioxident substances called polyphenols found in berries, fruits, teas..etc, Protect the blood vessels and reduce hypertension (high blood pressure) and heart disease risk.
What is the definition of sexual health?
Is a state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being in realation to sexuality.
It is not merely the absence of disease, disyfunction or infirmity.
Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination, and violence.
What is the definition of HIV and AIDS?
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
Is the virus that causes AIDS.
the virus multiplies rapidly and levels in the blood soar. For a time, the immune system responds heroically to fight off the virus. This primary infection phase can produce a couple of weeks of flulike symptoms or no symptoms at all.
The reason HIV infection can be so debilitating is that the virus infects helper T cells, as well as a few other immune cells that also express a surface protein called CD4. Helper T cells direct many aspects of immune system function. Their impairment greatly hinders the adaptive immune system.
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
A condition caused the human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system and leads to increased susceptibility to infections and certain cancers
The weakened immune system can no longer defend against pathogenic microorganisms. Even microbes harmless to healthy people can now cause opportunistic infections. Infections strike many bodily systems. People lose weight and develop swollen lymph nodes, chronic diarrhea, fatigue, headaches, fevers, and night sweats. The compromised immune system also raises the risk of cancer, including Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare cancer of lymph or blood vessels that causes purplish tumors on the skin
How is HIV transmitted?
The virus is transmitted when infected blood, vaginal and cervical secretions, semen, or breast milk enter another person’s body. People can acquire it through sexual intercourse (vaginal and anal), needle sharing, and transfusion of contaminated blood. Infected mothers can transmit the virus during the pregnancy and birth and when breastfeeding.
What is the Human Papillomavirus? Signs, Symptoms and treatment.
A group of viruses that causes warts, including genital warts
signs and symptoms:
infectious skin and mucous discharge
warts on hands and genitals
treatment:
condoms
vaccines
What is Chlamydia? Signs, Symptoms and treatment.
A bacterial STD transmitted by Chlamydia trachomatis
signs & symp:
pelvic inflammation
burning genitals
pain during intercourse
treatments:
antibiotics
What is Syphilis? Signs and symptoms and treatment.
A bacterial STD caused by Treponema pallidum.
signs and symp:
a chancre
flu like symptoms and rash
treatment:
injection of penicillin
How does the environment impact our health?
the removal of trees creates the right mix of sunlight, warmth, and puddles for mosquito breeding. In the Amazon, a 4 percent increase in deforestation led to a 50 percent rise in malaria.
absence of sanitation facilities results in the contamination of drinking water sources around the globe
Microbes in drinking water cause infectious diseases, mainly diarrheal illness, and represent the number one cause of death in children under five years old
What does deforestation do to the atmosphere?
adds carbon
loss of habitat and shade
erosion/ flooding
What is fossil fuel?
energy resources derived from ancient plants and animals compressed in the ground for millions of years.
Examples,
Oil, trees, wood.
How does education impact women’s lives? And her social status in relation to the overall population?
Education increases a woman’s social status and earning power, allowing her to postpone marriage and childbearing.
Although better educated women tend to have fewer children, those children are more likely to survive because they’re born into better socioeconomic conditions (less poverty, better hygiene, and increased medical care)
Which is cleaner bottled water or tap in the United States and why?
it Depends on the brand, bottled water may itself be tap water.
What are ways to conserve resources and protect the environment?
reduce and reuse.
A good way to minimize your environmental impact is to buy fewer goods. Consider sharing with friends and neighbors large items such as lawn mowers, power tools, clothes washers, and cars. Rent rather than buy infrequently used goods. Choose products with less packaging
In addition to reducing your use of resources, you can reuse products already in circulation. Bring fabric bags to stores. Buy used goods. Donate items so others can reuse them. Repair items rather than tossing and replacing them. Build using refurbished materials. Buy products made from recycled materials, which supports the market for recycling.
Which are greenhouse gases, list them?
gases that absorb heat energy in the atmosphere
ex: carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor
What is the biggest challenge to curbing climate change ?
the increase in global population
decreasing the production of greenhouse gases in an industrialized world
What are the expected consequence of climate change caused by global warming?
hotter temps
more hurricanes
flooding
heat waves
rising sea levels
disruption of ecosystems
water shortages
displacement of people on coast cities
impact on public health, malnutrition
