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Biomaterials > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Why nanoparticles

A

Increase aq. solubility, biocompatibility, biorecognition

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2
Q

Nanotube properties (size, mechanical properties, hollow?)

A

diameter in nanometer range, HIGH mechanical properties - Can be filled, because they are hollow

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3
Q

Targeted delivery of nanoparticles (pH)

A

Cancer cells lower pH - specificity of solubility allows for targeted release

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4
Q

Mimicking ECM - What is an advantage?

A

Matrices of nanotech can be used to mimic the ECM and guide cell differentiation/proliferation

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5
Q

Nanofibers - How formed?

A

Formed w/ electric charge - formed w self assembling peptides - NOT HOLLOW

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6
Q

Replacing heart tissue - What cells are delivered, what is fixed

A

Delivering cardiac muscle cells to site of tissue damage, restores contractility to damaged/scarred tissue

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7
Q

Pros of regenerating Heart tissue - Increased what?

A

Initial results positive - increase ventricular output, contractile strength, cardiac output

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8
Q

Cons of regenerated heart tissue - What symptom? Do cells proliferate?

A

Ventricular arrhythmias in weeks after treatment Poor migration of implanted cells, not enough extracellular structure

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9
Q

Specific issues w/ regenerated Heart tissue - What can go wrong?

A

cell survival - cells must survive the trip, can be damaged, can leak

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10
Q

Hepatocyte transplantation - What is harvested, what is success dependent on? How can it be made more successful?

A

Cells harvested from liver and isolated, transplanted so they migrate to liver – DEPENDS ON SURVIVAL AND FUNCTION OF TRANSPLANTED CELLS – These cells can be incorporated in biomaterials to increase longevity, protect from rejection,

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11
Q

Hepatocyte delivery - What polymer, what advantage, minimizes what?

A

PLGA used - pre-vasculatization of scaffold, minimize FIBROUS TISSUE ENCAPSULATION

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12
Q

Tissue Engineered bladder successful properties - Made of what? How successful?

A

Collagen-based matrices – Large acellular structures, good epithelial lining, decent performance after 3 years

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13
Q

Challenge of T.E. bladders

A

Challenging to grow bladder cells in vitro (epithelial and smooth muscle cells) REGULATORY PROCESS

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14
Q

Does presence of biomaterial matrix improve functionality

A

yes

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15
Q

Typical life span of valve replacement

A

10-15 years, shorter in younger individuals (valves do not grow with patient)

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16
Q

Treating aneurysms - what material, coated with what

A

Platinum coil deployed into aneurism, prevents bloodflow, induces clotting when DACRON is applied (dacron induces clotting)

17
Q

Treating atherosclerosis (buildup of fat in arteries) - what implant

A

STENT deployment, widens closed arteries,

18
Q

Synthetic polymer vascular graft design - what polymers, describe it

A

2 degradable polymers combined - inner PGA layer is 95% porous, outer layer nonporous, allows for cell ingrowth – Outer PHA layer degrades quickly, inner layer degrades slowly, mechanical integrity during cell infiltration — EVENTUALLY THE WHOLE IMPLANT IS REPLACED BY NATIVE TISSUE

19
Q

Tg above and below brittleness

A

above Tg is flexible below Tg is brittle

20
Q

Natural polymer graft design - what cells, what extra things to stimulate growth?

A

Type I Collagen fibers, mixed w/ smooth muscle cells, Vitamin C and Vitamin A stimulate SMCs to produce collagen and elastic to MATCH THE MECH PROPs of native vessel!

21
Q

Hybrid natural polymer graft - Adding what increases what

A

Collagen+Elastin Hybrid - Adding elastin increases the tensile strength and modulus of the artery graft, but still lower than native tissue :(

22
Q

Purely cellular graft - How created and cultured,

A

Series of cellular sheets, grown separately, compiled - forms completely cellular vascular graft - Each layer applied separately – SMC layer is adhered to a fibroblast layer, which goes on top of teflon mandrel- MANDREL is removed after cell culture BEFORE implantation - Final implant is cells only

23
Q

Cartilage replacement - 3 generations, what’s special about third

A

1st gen - injure the bone to release marrow to repair 2nd gen - Replace broken cartilage w/ other cartilage that is not used as much 3rd gen - cell based regeneration, add GROWTH FACTORS also 3rd gen - matrix based regen – scaffolds to provide structure and cell attachment (porous, 3D, mesh)

24
Q

Genzyme - what happens

A

Patient’s chondrocytes are harvest and cultured outside of the body - implanted to damaged site after culture

25
Q

Formation of cartilage replacement - polymer used, method used, where implanted?

A

PLGA web knitted - Freeze dried, sheets either stacked or rolled, then implanted in vivo

26
Q

Osteoconductive vs osteoinductive

A

Osteoconductive - Osteoblasts attach - Bone cells can attach and grow Osteoinductive - Osteoclasts attach - Undifferentiated cell can attach and become bone

27
Q

Composite Bone substitute - what materials? Advantages and disadvantages of each individually?

A

Combining Polymer and ceramic to make composite material - Ceramic - bioactive, osteoconductive, but brittle and poor formability Polymer - Biodegradable, easily formed, low bioactivity Combine = best of both worlds

28
Q

1st gen Ligament tissue engineering

A

Natural replacements (auto/allografts) - lose 20% tensile strength and 46% max load after 1 year :(

29
Q

2nd gen Ligament tissue engineering

A

(-) Synthetic replacements - fail due to fragmentation, stress shielding, fatigue, creep, wear debris - Not same mechanical properties - (+) similar mech strength as native, supports cell growth,

30
Q

Hierarchal design

A

Fibers bundled to larger fibers then braided - synthetic ligaments resemble native ligaments

31
Q

3rd gen ligament engineering - what polymers, advantages, how to evaluate in vitro

A

Tissue engineered ligament replacement -Biodegradable, biocompatible, supports cell attachment, PLLA and PLGA In vitro evaluation - ACL removed from rabbits and replaced with tissue engineered segment and tested - There is EVIDENCE OF HEALING and INTEGRATION of implant

32
Q

Piezoelectric effect

A

Surface charge can be induced by bending a piezoelectric material

33
Q

Cell response can depend on…

A

Both physical and electrical forces!

34
Q

PDMS photolithography - how are pillars modified, what is detected?

A

Pillars can be modified (diameter, modulus, etc.) Can detect how much force used in bending pillars (detecting the forces of cell movement) Do the conditions dictate migratory behavior?

35
Q

Traction Force microscopy

A

Measure force of contraction of muscle cells

36
Q

Cell remember previous surfaces, why is that a problem

A

Problem if you culture on a hard surface and implant on a soft surface

Biomaterials (3 decks)

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