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Adv env > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Some indoor chemical hazards are

A

radon and asbestos

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2
Q

The Pacific “Ring of Fire” is a volcanic area where

A

there are many earthquakes and active plate boundaries

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3
Q

In thermohaline circulation of global current systems, surface water is

A

less salty, less dense, and warmer

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4
Q

Properties of toxicants likely to build up in animals through bioaccumulation are

A

non-biodegradable, lipid-soluble

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5
Q

Volcanoes are formed

A

in subduction zones or in rift valleys

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6
Q

Most marine protected areas

A

are along the coastlines of developed nations

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7
Q

studies of endocrine disruptors have shown that they are closely associated with all of the following except

A

lung cancer

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8
Q

When magma or lava cools, the result is

A

igneous rock

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9
Q

bycatch

A

refers to the accidental capture of animals

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10
Q

synergistic effects of toxicants

A

often have effects that are multiplicative

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11
Q

Plate tectonic movement movement results from

A

convective movements of rock in the underlying mantle

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12
Q

salt marshes; mangroves

A

temperate intertidal, found on tropical shorelines

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13
Q

the goal of the stockholm convention is to

A

end the use and release of 12 POPs shown to be the most dangerous

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14
Q

A new process for removing heavy metals and acid sulfate pollution from mine leachate water is

A

sulfate-reducing bacteria

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15
Q

Xeriscaping can save water by

A

planting native or drought resistant plants with little or no water requirements

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16
Q

DDT, DDE, PCB’s, and PBDEs are all

A

non-biodegradable and subject to bioaccumulation and/or bioamplification

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17
Q

Many types of mining, such as for coal and copper, produce a specific type of water pollution called

A

acid drainage

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18
Q

The exceptionally strong warming of the eastern pacific is referred to as

A

El Nino

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19
Q

The Toxic Substances Control Act regulates

A

industrial chemicals

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20
Q

Sustainable minerals use and longer projected lifetimes for scarce minerals can be achieved with all of the following EXCEPT

A

increasing demand and lowering prices for products using these minerals

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21
Q

In a municipal water treatment plant, the primary treatment step consists of

A

letting sewage sit in large tanks so suspended solids settle out

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22
Q

Transport of airborne toxicants, a specific problem in agricultural environments, is called

A

drift

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23
Q

The U.S Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 requires

A

mining companies to post bonds to cover restoration of mined areas before getting permits

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24
Q

Which of the following best describes the initial ecological consequences of falling water tables. The loss of

A

permanent wetlands

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25
Q

Recent evidence suggests that controlling emissions of this gas would reduce both ozone depletion and global warming

A

carbon dioxide

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26
Q

Which of the following are market mechanisms for addressing climate change?

A

cap-and-trade, carbon offsets

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27
Q

Nuclear power plants

A

experienced the most growth during 1970s and 1980s

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28
Q

Water soluble sulfur and nitrogen oxides produced by burning fossil fuels can be removed from an industrial source by

A

wet scrubbers

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29
Q

The 2009 Copenhagen Conference

A

failed to produce a treaty because the US failed to support it and China refused international monitoring for promised steep cuts

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30
Q

When Uranium-235 atoms undergo fission, ___ is produced

A

smaller atoms, free neutrons, energy

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31
Q

Which one of the following are not yet regulated by the EPA?

A

carbon dioxide

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32
Q

Recent research indicated that the variation in solar output

A

is less than any of the anthropogenic factors influencing climate change

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33
Q

Oil shale and oil sands

A

contain solid organic kerogens that can be mined and processed into pretroleum

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34
Q

Today, ______ has the worst acid deposition problem, primarily because

A

China/ coal-fired electrical and industrial plants

35
Q

The most recent analyses of polar ice cores have given us the ability to profile global climate change back as far as

A

80,000 years

36
Q

_____is not a part of the technology of “clean coal”

A

Removing carbon content from coal before combustion

37
Q

The primary causes of acid deposition are

A

sulfur and nitrogen oxides

38
Q

____% of U.S citizens live in coastal countries, thus vulnerable to rises in sea level

A

53

39
Q

Many developed nations have their economics closely tied to imported fossil fuels. One important consideration is that

A

the economy can be disrupted by the decision made in fuel exporting nations

40
Q

The reason that temperature increases with altitude through most of the stratosphere is

A

heat is released by absorption of UV radiation by oxygen and ozone

41
Q

Hydroelectric power generation

A

is an alternative to fossil fuels that produces fewer greenhouse gases

42
Q

Organizations like OPEC have formed

A

in order to take maximum advantage of developed nations dependence on imported oil

43
Q

small city air deteriorated in the past 10 years….

A

improve transportation options, including carpool lanes, buses, and light rail

44
Q

Growing rice results in the release of

A

methane

45
Q

Energy conservation in the United States

A

can be improved as individuals make conscious choices to reduce personal consumption

46
Q

Which of the following is a consequence of acidic deposition?

A

leaching out of important minerals from soils and loss of bodiversity

47
Q

In legislation, the precautionary principle applied to climate change states that

A

lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used to postpone measures to prevent major environmental degradation

48
Q

The oil spill resulting from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster

A

is the worst oil spill in US history, causing damage to marine and coastal ecosystems

49
Q

All of the following are true of using solar photocells, EXCEPT

A

strong encouraged in the US b tax incentives and large development investments

50
Q

The current state of e-wastes is that

A

although recycling is improved, the rate of e-wastes going into landfills and incinerators is rising

51
Q

The ecological footprint of a large city is_____ than the surrounding natural area

A

much higher

52
Q

More and more wind farms are being located _____ because winds are stronger there

A

offshore

53
Q

Funding for Superfund toxic waste sites

A

has become the responsibility of taxpayers since 2004

54
Q

The urban heat island effect is caused by

A

heat-generating buildings and dark, heat-absorbing surfaces

55
Q

Globally, more than 80% of all primary energy for today’s economics comes from

A

fossil fuels

56
Q

The EPA is charged with cleaning up brownfields, which are

A

lands whose reuse or development is complicated by the presence of hazardous materials

57
Q

LEED-certified buildings could be described by all of the following, except

A

construction costs much less than for conventional buildings

58
Q

Ground-source heat pumps

A

heat and cool houses and buildings more efficiently than conventional methods

59
Q

Deep-well injection

A

injects mostly liquid hazardous wastes into porous rock deep beneath human water supplies

60
Q

People who live entirely within an urban environment

A

may become disconnected from nature and from the true costs of their needs and activities

61
Q

Both pyrolysis and gasification are ways of producing ____ from ___

A

methane and diesel fuels; biomass

62
Q

As of early 2010 under the jurisdicaiton of the EPA, approxiamtely _____% of hazardous sites identified under CERLA as a national priority have been cleaned up

A

30

63
Q

A resource sink

A

an area that produces almost none of the things that it needs

64
Q

Bagasse and sugar cane-based ethanol are major items in the energy resources

A

Brazil

65
Q

In the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, the metals in the winners medals were

A

recovered from recycled e-wastes

66
Q

the role of zoning is to

A

classify areas for different types of urban development and land use

67
Q

Biofuels and nuclear power may prove useful as

A

energies to bridge the time between fossil fuel depletion and new renewables

68
Q

E-wastes are a source of

A

heavy metals

69
Q

An Urban Growth Boundary is intended to

A

provide guidelines for city development to separate areas desired to be urban from areas desired to be rural

70
Q

Which of the following is true of corn-produced ethanol?

A

results in higher food prices for corn and corn products

71
Q

______ represents the largest source of unregulated hazardous waste

A

households

72
Q

A city planner needs to consider

A

optimal land use strategies for different areas of the city

73
Q

What drives the move to the suburbs from the cities?

A

desire to lie in less stressful, more peaceful park-like conditions

74
Q

The greatest general problem with suburbs is

A

that they spread environmental impact over a larger area

75
Q

Curitiba, Brazil, has shown us that

A

an expanded bus system, affordable to all, can solve a large city’s traffic congestion

76
Q

Oregon’s strong policy on enforcing UGB’s to create livable cities has been exemplary for many years, but between 2004-2007, voters

A

passed a bill giving property owners the right to ignore UGB’s

77
Q

In developing nations, such as India and Nigeria

A

rural people are moving to the cities in large numbers

78
Q

Around the world, most major cities are situated

A

along rivers, oceans, roads, or train routes

79
Q

Air travel, the Internet, cheap fossil fuels and television all have allowed people to

A

live in less centralized communities

80
Q

Any consideration of the true costs of sprawl must include

A

increased use of fossil fuels

81
Q

One of the things that contributes to sprawl is

A

the trend towards increasing land per capita

82
Q

Pat and Terry are considering moving from near the center of a large city into the suburbs. Which point is valid?

A

It will be easier to have a place for a vegetable garden if they move to the suburbs

83
Q

The world’s most abundant fossil fuel

A

coal

84
Q

Solar radiation makes several other energy sources possible, including

A

wind energy

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