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Logic > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The kinds of sentences that are of interest as premises or conclusions in logic must be

A

Evaluable as true or false

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2
Q

In a good deductive argument, the truth of the conclusion is ______ by the truth of the premises, whereas in a good inductive argument the truth of the conclusion is _______ by the truth of the premises

A

Guaranteed or entailed (first blank) and Made likely or probable (Second blank)

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3
Q

If an argument is valid, then it is best classified as

A

Deductive

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4
Q

If an argument is sound, what else can you infer about it

A

It is valid

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5
Q

If all that you know about an argument is that its premises are ALL true and its conclusion is false, what can you conclude about its validity

A

It is invalid

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6
Q

Being a reasonable human is a necessary condition for being a mammal (T/F)

A

False

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7
Q

Being a square is a sufficient condition for being a shape (T/F)

A

True

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8
Q

Being an animal is a necessary condition for being a cat. It is also sufficient (T/F)

A

False

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9
Q

Being a piece of aged cheddar is necessary but not sufficient for being a cheese (T/F)

A

False

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10
Q

An argument being valid is sufficient for it to be sound (T/F)`

A

False

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11
Q

An argument being sound is sufficient for it being valid (T/F)

A

True

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12
Q

An argument being valid is sufficient for it to have at least one true premise (T/F)

A

False

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13
Q

An argument having ALL true premises and a false conclusion is sufficient for it being invalid

A

True

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14
Q

Being a cheese is a necessary but a sufficient condition for being a dairy product (T/F)

A

False

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15
Q

Being a dog is a necessary but not sufficient condition for being a poodle (T/F)

A

True

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16
Q

Being a quadrilateral is sufficient for being a shape. Being a shape is a ______ condition for being a quadrilateral

A

Sufficient

17
Q

Being a copy of the play Hamlet is both necessary and sufficient for being a copy of a play originally written by William Shakespeare (T/F)

A

False

18
Q

In order to be president of the US it is _______ for a qualified person to win a majority of the Electoral College votes

A

Necessary

19
Q

If a statement P “logically implies” a statement Q, then

A

If P is true, then Q must be true as well

20
Q

Every true proposition logically implies only true premises (T/F)

A

True

21
Q

A false proposition can logically imply both other false propositions and other propositions that are true (T/F)

A

True

22
Q

An argument is valid if

A

The conclusion is logically implied by the premise(s)

23
Q

An argument is sound just in the case that it is

A

Valid and has all true premises

24
Q

If you only know that na argument has all false premises and it is valid, what can you conclude about the conclusion

A

The conclusion must be true

25
Q

If you know that an argument has all true premises and a false conclusion, what can you conclude about this argument

A

The argument is invalid

26
Q

In order for an argument to be valid it is sufficient for its premises to logically imply its conclusion (T/F)

A

True

27
Q

In order for an argument to be valid, it is necessary for its premises to logically imply its conclusion (T/F)

A

True

28
Q

Any two arguments having the same logical form are

A

Either both valid or both invalid

29
Q

If you are unsure whether argument ‘A’ is valid or invalid, but you know of an argument ‘B’ that has the same logical form and has all true premises and a false conclusion, what can you conclude about argument ‘A’

A

Argument ‘A’ is invalid

30
Q

In order for a term to be ambiguous it is necessary and sufficient for

A

It to have two or more normal meanings

31
Q

In order for a term to be vague it is necessary and sufficient for

A

Its extension to admit borderline cases

32
Q

In logical theory the syntax is

A

The grammar and symbols of the language

33
Q

In logical theory the semantics is

A

The meaning or truth conditions of the language

34
Q

In a truth table, an argument is valid if _______, and what tell us is that ______

A

There is no row where the premises are all true and the conclusion is false (first blank) and It is impossible for the premises to all be true and the conclusion be false (second blank)

Logic (5 decks)

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