final exam Flashcards
fragments
a word group that lacks a subject or a verb and does not express a complete thought
how to correct fragments
- attach the fragment to the sentence before or after
- eliminate the dependent word and rewrite sentence
- add a subject or verb to the fragment to make a complete sentence
run-ons
are two complete thoughts that are together with break in between
how to fix run-ons
- use a period and capital letter to separate the to complete thoughts
- use a comma and an adjoining word to connect the two thoughts
- use a semicolon to connect the two complete thoughts
- use a subordination (because)
six main uses of the comma
- between an item in a series
- after introductory material
- between two complete thoughts connect by “and, but, for, nor, so, yet
- for certain everyday material
- around direct quotation to set it off from the rest of the sentence
- on both sides of words rat interrupt the flow of thought in a sentence
comma:
a pause in a sentence
capitalization:
- the first word in a sentence or direct quote
- names of people and the word I
- names of places
- names of days, weeks, or holidays
- names of products
- titles of things
- names of things
pronoun-antecedent agreement rules
- a singular pronoun must replace a singular noun, plural pronoun plural noun
-
subject verb argreement
if subject is plural verb must be plural as well, if subject singular verb must be singular
hyphen uses:
- when two or more words act as a single word
- to divide a word at the end of a line of writing
dash
a dash signals a degree of a longer pause than a comma but not as complete as the period. is used to add a dramatic effect
semi colon use:
- join two cmoplete thoughts that are not connected by a joining word such as as, and , but, or for
- to join two complete thought that are included as a transition using words such as however, moreover, therefore
colon
- to introduce a list
- introduce a quotation
- introduce an explanation
apostrophe
a contraction is formed when two words are combined to make one word or to show ownership
rules to numbers
- spell out # that are no more than two words
- be consistent
- use # to show dates, time, addresses, etc
forming possessive nouns:
add an apostrophe and an s to the noun and an apostrophe if the noun already is plural or ends in an s
comma splice
occurs when two independent clauses are connected by a comma. can be fixed by:
- creating two sentences
- adding coordinating conjunction and comma
- adding subordinating conjunction and comma
formal style
- full words
- should be writen in third person
- should be objective
- and complex and thorough
quoting:
- every quote begins with a capital letter
- if quote is split the second part does not get capital
- commas are used to separate the quotes part of sentence
- ending punctuation goes inside the quotation marks
point of views:
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 3rd limited, 3rd omniscient
1st person
when main characeter is telling the story
secind person
is told from your perspective
third person
told usuing a narrator
third person limited
the narrators knowledge is limited to what one character knows
third person omniscient
the narrator knows everythign
motif
a reoccurring event that has symbolic significance.
the use of the owrd good in flannery oconnors work
tone
the attitude conveyed through the story . is conveyed through choice of words. comic tone in oconnors work in good coiuntry people by portreyign joy as the complete opposite of her name
epiphany
a moment when a character faces realization, awareness, or new found knowledge
situational irony
the exact opposite of what is meant to happen, happens
dramatic irony
occurs when the readers are aware of something that the characters are not
verbal irony
implies a different meaning than what is said
