Final Exam Flashcards
muckrakers
reporters who used a style of early-twentith century investigation journalism that emphasized a willingness to crawl around in society’s much to uncover a story
general interest magazines
types of magazines that address a wide variety of topics and are aimed at a broad national audience
pass along leadership
the total number of people who come into contact with a single copy of a magazine
subscription readership
those who have subscribed to a certain magazine plus single copy sales
tabloids
a newspaper having half the size of a newspaper, typically popular in style and dominated by headlines, photographs, and sensational stories
women’s magazines and politics
was always important stuff geared towards different issues
product placement
the advertising practice of strategically placing products in movies, tv shows so that the products the products appear as apart of a story’s set environment
subliminal advertising
a term that refers to hidden or disguised print and visual messages that allegedly register on the subconscious, creating false needs and seducing people into buying products
spam
a computer term referring to unsolicited email
plain folk pitch
an advertising strategy that associates a product with simplicity and the common person
snob appeal
an advertising that attempts to convince the consumers that using a product will enable them to maintain or elevate their social station
bandwagon effect
incorporates exaggerated claims that everyone is using a particular product, so you should too
hidden fear appeal
plays on a sense of insecurity, trying to persuade consumers that only a specific product can offer relief
irrational advertising
tries to create product name recognition by being annoying or obnoxious
demographics
the study of audiences or consumers by age, gender, occupation, ethnicity, education and income
psychographics
the study of audience or consumer attitudes, beliefs, interests, and motivations
story board
a blueprint ro roughly drawn comix stip of a proposed advertisement
viral marketing
short videos or other content that marketers hope will quickly gain widespread attention as users are it with friends online or by word of mouth
media buyers
the individuals who chose and purchase the types of media that are best suited to carry a client’s ads and reach the targeted audience
saturation advertising
inundating a variety of print and visual media with ads aimed at target audiences
public relations
the total communication strategy conducted by a person, government or anyone attempting to reach and persuade its audience to adopt a point of view
propoganda
A COMMUNICATION STRATEGY THAT TRIES TO MANIPULATE PUBLIC OPINOIN TO GAIN SUPPORT FOR A SPECIAL ISSUE, CAUSE, ETC.
press releases
announcements written in the style of news reports that give new information about an individual, a company, or an organization and pitch a story idea to the news media
video news release
the visual counterparts to press releases; they pitch story ideas to the TV news media by mimicking the style of a broadcast news report
pubic serve announcements
reports or anouncements carried for free by radio and TV stations that promote government programs , educational projects, voluntary agencies, social reform
pseudo events
circumstances or events created solely for the purpose of obtaining coverage in the media
lobbying
the process of attempting to influence the voting of lawmakers to support a clients or someones best interest
astro turf lobbying
phony grassroots public affairs campaigns engineered by public relations firms; Lloyd Bentsen
greenwashing
disinformation disseminated by an organization so as to present an environmentally responsible public image.
pinkwashing
most often used to describe various forms of cause marketing
shouting fire doc.
free speech and first ammendment
monopoly
an organizational structure that occurs when a single firm dominates production and distribution in a particular industry, either nationally or locally
oligopoly
a few firms control most of an industry’s production and distribution sources
limited competition
a market with many producers and sellers but only a few differentiable products with a particular category
direct payment
the payment of money
indirect payment
the financial support of media products by advertisers, who pay for the quantity or quality of audience members that a particular medium attracts
hegemony
the acceptance of the dominant values in a vulture by those who are subordinate to those who hold economic and political power
synergy
the promotion and sale of a products throughout the various subsidiaries of a media conglomerate
cultural imperialism
the phenomenon of american media, fashion, and food dominating the global market and shipping the cultures and identities of other nations
media effects research
the mainstream tradition in mass communication research, it attempts to understand, explain, and credit the impact or effects of themes media on individuals and society
cultural studies
the approaches that that try to understand how the media and culture are tied to the actual patterns of communication used in daily life; these studies focus on how people make meanings, apprehend reality, and order experience through the use of stories and symbols
propoganda analysis
the study of its effectiveness in influencing and mobilizing public opinion
pseudo polls
typically call in, online, or person in the street nonscientific polls that the news media use to address a question of the day
hypodermic needle model
attmepted to explain media effects by arguing that the media figuratively shoot their powerful effects into unsuspecting or weak audiences
selective exposure
audiences seek messages and meanings that corresponds their preexisting beliefs and values
selective retention
the phenomenon where audiences remember or retain messages and meanings that correspong
uses and gratifications model
usually employing in depth interviews and surgery questionnaires, that argues that people use the media to satisfy various emotional desires or intellectual needs
scientific method
studies phenomena in systematic stages; includes research problem, review that research, develop hypothesis, determine design, collect info, analyzing, interpretation results
random assignment
ensures that every subject has an equal chance of being placed in either the experimental group or control group
survey research
method of collecting and measuring data taken from a group of respondents
longitudinal studies
research studies that are conducted over long periods of time and often rely on page government and academic surgery database
correlations
observed associations between two variables
content analysis
studying and coding media texts and programs
social learning theory
suggests a link between the mass media and behavior
mean world syndrome
to describe a phenomenon whereby violence-related content of mass media makes viewers believe that the world is more dangerous than it actually is
agenda setting
says that when the mass media pay attention to particular events or issues, they determine, the major topics of discussions for individuals in society
cultivation effects
the idea that heavy television viewing leads individuals to perceive reality in ways that re constant with the portrayals they see on tv
spiral of silence
people who hold minority views on controversial issues tend to keep their views sielnt
third person effect
people believe others are more affected by media messages than they are themselves
textual analysis
method for closely and critically examining and interpreting the meanings of culture
audience studies
cultural studies research that focuses on how people use and interpret cultural content
political economy studies
an area of academic study that specifically examines interconnections among economic interests, political power, and how that power is used
public sphere
those places where people come together regularly to discuss social and cultural problems and try to influence politics
two step flow model
ideas flow from mass media to opinion leaders, and from them to a wider population
encoding/decoding
encoding is the process of putting a sequence of characters (letters, numbers, punctuation, and certain symbols) into a specialized format for efficient transmission or storage. Decoding is the opposite process – the conversion of an encoded format back into the original sequence of characters
