Final Exam Flashcards
The controlled use of voice and body - to express the qualities of *naturalness, *enthusiasm, * confidence, * directness
delivery
Effective delivery expresses 4 qualities:
- naturalness
- enthusiasm
- confidence
- directness
4 methods of delivery
- extemporaneous
- manuscript
- impromptu
- memory
To read a speech verbatim/word-for-word
Manuscript
- restricts eye contact and body movement
- may limit expressiveness
3 occasions when delivery by manuscript is warranted:
- conveying PRECISE message
- when you’ll be QUOTED (avoid misinterpretation)
- EMERGENCIES (exact descriptions/directions)
Manuscript Delivery: 4 “tips”
- VARY RHYTHM of words
- Est. some EYE CONTACT
- use LARGE FONT/triple SPACE
- use complelling PRESENTATION AIDS
The formal name for speaking from memory is:
oratory
- not natural
- eye contact, unlikely
- mental lapse / block
1 occasion when delivery by memory is warranted:
BRIEF speech (toasts, introductions, etc)
Memory Delivery: “tip”
Learn COMPLETELY, so that you still convey enthusiasm and directness
Unpracticed, spontaneous, or improvised delivery; involves speaking on relatively short notice, with little time to prepare
impromptu
Impromptu Delivery: 5 “tips”
AT LAST!
- ANTICIPATE situations
- THINK about listeners
- LISTEN to what’s said around you
- ACKNOWLEDGE previous person’s statements - then make your points
- stay on TOPIC
Delivering a speech using brief notes or visual aids
using outline of key words/phrases
extemporaneously
Extemporaneous Delivery: “tip”
Know idea(s) well enough to present w/o a manuscript
- may modify, rearrange, etc
- more eye contact, natural gestures, etc
Extemporaneous Delivery: “CON”
An outline may fail to jog your memory
The VOICE signals (3):
- Confidence
- Credibility
- Intended Meaning
(7) Elements of Vocal Delivery
- Voice
- Pitch
- Speaking Rate
- Pauses
- Vocal Delivery
- Pronunciation
- Articulation
A distinctive way of speaking associated with a particular region or social group
dialect
How LOUD or SOFT you speak
volume
T/F: The proper VOLUME for delivering a speech is somewhat louder than that of normal conversation
True
3 things to note when ADJUSTING your VOLUME:
- SIZE of room and audience
- if using MICROPHONE
- BACKGROUND noise
Range of sounds from HIGH TO LOW
pitch
When you VARY your PITCH, it conveys 3 things:
- mood, enthusiasm
- concern for audience
- commitment to occasion
The PACE at which you convey speech (FAST/SLOW)
speaking rate
Average speaking RATE is _____ words/minute
120-150 words/minute
be alert to audience reactions
4 ways STRATEGIC PAUSES enhances meaning
- provides a type of PUNCTUATION
- emphasizes a POINT
- DRAWING ATTENTION to thought, or
- allowing listeners to CONTEMPLATE
___ SILENCE is strategic; builds anticipation or allows audience to “soak in” words
a. LIVE
b. DEAD
a. LIVE silence
____ SILENCE occurs when your don’t know what to say next.
a. LIVE
b. DEAD
b. DEAD silence
The overall usage of volume, pitch, rate, pauses, etc»>
Vocal Variety
The correct formation of word sounds
pronunciation
The clarity or forcefulness with which the sounds are made (regardless if pronounced correctly)
articulation
4 forms of nonverbal communication
- Facial expressions
- Eye contact
- Gestures
- General body movement
To move your gaze from one listener to another, and one section to another; pausing to gaze at one person long enough to complete one thought
scanning
4 ways to establish immediacy
- Vocal Delivery (enthusiastic)
- Eye contact (frequent)
- Facial expressions (animate)
- Body movements (natural)
