Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Comp. Animal Behavior > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is Communication?

A

Transfer of information about the signaler or its environment using signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why does communication evolve?

A

Allows individuals to reveal their qualities or motivations to receivers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a signal?

A

A perceptible behavior or trait (physical form) that encodes information
Adaptive trait that increases survival and reproductive success

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Batesian Mimicry?

A

Harmless prey resemble dangerous prey to avoid predation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a cue?

A

Structures or behaviors that affect behaviors of other organisms (no evolution)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What enforces honesty in animal signals? (If female house finches prefer redder males, why aren’t all males equally bright red?)

A

Costs of signals (different individuals pay different effective costs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Handicap Principle?

A

Honesty and reliability can be maintained due to the different costs that individuals pay for being manipulative and deceptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the active space of a communication signal?

A

The volume of medium in which a receiver can detect and recognize a signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What factors affect a signals active space?

A

Attenuation (spreading over distance)
Masking (covering up the signal; noise)
Degradation (barriers blocking signal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Stimulus Generalization?

A

Animals behave similarly to similar patterns, usually color (kiskadees avoided snakes with coloration patterns similar to the poisonous coral snakes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sexual selection

A

Acts on traits that contribute to an individual’s mating success

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sexual Dimorphism

A

Results from sexual selection acting differently on males and females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intrasexual Selection

A

Competition within a sex for mates (usually males)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Intersexual Selection

A

Mate choice/being choosy (mainly females)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Bateman’s Principle?

A

The sex with a steeper sexual selection gradient will compete to mate, while the other exercises choice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Triver’s Parental Investment Hypothesis?

A

Competition is determined by parental investment. (Most investment is choosy, least investment will compete to mate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anisogamy

A

Differences in parental investment begin with fundamental differences between male and female gametes (sperm is cheap)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Direct Benefits

A

Female obtains something that increases her own fitness (survival, fecundity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Indirect Benefits

A

Increase fitness of female’s offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Fisherian Runaway Selection and what does it entail?

A

Females prefer a sexually attractive trait, resulting in “sexy sons”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the Sensory Bias Hypothesis to explain the evolution of exaggerated male sexual traits? What does it entail?

A

Result of selection for a different function of female’s sensory system
Males evolve signals to match sensory system characteristics
Female gets NO BENEFITS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the assumptions of the Emlen and Oring model of how mating systems are shaped?

A

Resource availability
Environmental potential for polygamy (EPP)
Operational sex ratio (OSR)
Monopolizability of mates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Polygamy

A

Multiple mates

24
Q

Monogamy

A

One partner

25
Q

Polygyny

A

Multiple females

26
Q

Polyandry

A

Multiple males

27
Q

What factors influence whether territoriality should evolve?

A

Resources are limited, and defendable.

Fitness benefits must outweigh the costs

28
Q

Lek Polygyny

A

Males defend a display area that has no other purpose in feeding, nesting, reproduction, parental care, etc.

29
Q

Hotspot Hypothesis

A

Males cluster in places where receptive females likely occur

30
Q

Hotshot Hypothesis

A

Subordinate males cluster around attractive males to interact with females

31
Q

Mutualistic Behavior

A

Improves fitness of actor and recipient

32
Q

Selfish Behavior

A

Decreases fitness of recipient

33
Q

Altruistic Behavior

A

Decreases fitness of actor but increases fitness of recipient

34
Q

Direct Fitness

A

Reproductive success based on number of offspring that survive to reproduce

35
Q

Indirect Fitness

A

Genetic success based on number of relatives helped

36
Q

Inclusive Fitness

A

Total measure of an individual’s contribution of genes to the next generation due to direct and indirect selection

37
Q

What is Hamilton’s Rule?

A

Giving aid to non-descendant kin will evolve if rB > C
R is genetic relatedness
B is reproductive benefit
C is reproductive cost

38
Q

Male turkeys court females in coalitions of 2-4 males. Subordinate males have 0 reproductive success, while dominant males have higher success than solo males. If subordinate turkeys have an r value of 0.42, B value of 6.1, and C value of 0.9, does Hamilton’s Rule explain why they join the coalition?

A

2.6 > 0.9

Yes, since rB is greater than C

39
Q

What is Kin Selection?

A

Acting in favor of individuals that share some of your genes, at a cost to yourself

40
Q

Social Behavior

A

Interactions of individuals living in close proximity

41
Q

What is a society?

A

Cooperating, communicating group of conspecific organisms

42
Q

What defines a Eusocial mammal?

A

Cooperative brood care, inbreeding (overlapping generations), and division of labor into reproductive and non-reproductive groups

43
Q

What are the costs of sociality?

A

Competition, Parasitism, Disease, and Interference (negative interactions among conspecifics)

44
Q

What is the Predator Dilution Effect?

A

As prey group size increases, each individual has a lower chance of being predated

45
Q

What are the benefits of sociality?

A

Increased vigilance, predator dilution, group defense, and cooperative foraging/hunting

46
Q

What is the Ideal Free Distribution, versus the Ideal Despotic Distribution?

A

IFD is when animals freely distribute themselves to maximize individual reproductive success.
IDD is when habitat selection is constrained by territorial behavior of others.

47
Q

What hypotheses explains why territory owners tend to have an advantage over newcomers?

A

Payoff Asymmetry Hypothesis: if territory resident removed and replaced by newcomer, ability to win territory back will be function of replacement tenure

48
Q

Where do language centers exist in our brain?

A

Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area (cerebral cortex)

49
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Ability to speak a language

50
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Ability to comprehend spoken language

51
Q

What is the Foxp2 gene?

A

Promotes language (Conductor of language)

52
Q

What defines language?

A

Ability to take a finite set of elements (words) and use a set of rules (grammar) to create infinite comprehensible combinations. Describe past, future, and imagined events.

53
Q

What is the affiliation function hypothesis to explain the maintenance of human language dialects?

A

Humans use the way they speak to signal group membership which aids in cooperation

54
Q

What is the McGurk Effect, and what does it show us?

A

Our brains have circuits that integrate the visual and auditory stimuli associated with speech

55
Q

Miller et al paper Hypothesis and Findings

A

Women during estrus will appear more attractive and feel sexier, thus they will earn more tips as lap-dancers.
Hidden estrus hypothesis is false because regular cycling dancers made more when they were fertile compared to those using the pill

56
Q

Main Takeaway from DuVal Paper

A

Cooperation increased beta’s immediate reproductive success, the success of close relatives and increases their chance of future reproduction

Comp. Animal Behavior (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions