Final Exam

Question 1

Name some justifications for using community based strategies instead of incarceration.

Answer 1

1. Reintegration of offenders into society. 2.Cost savings. 3. No overcrowding in prisons.

Question 2

What is a criminal sanction in which a convict is allowed to remain in the community rather than prison is called what?

Answer 2

Probation

Question 3

An alternative sentencing arrangement where an offender is sentenced to prison or jail with the understanding that they may petition the court to be released on probation after a short period of time is called what?

Answer 3

Shock Incarceration

Question 4

What are the three stages of probation revocation?

Answer 4

1. A preliminary hearing. 2. The revocation hearing. 3. The revocation sentencing.

Question 5

What are the three levels of home monitoring?

Answer 5

1. Curfew. 2. Home detention. 3. Home incarceration.

Question 6

As of 2011, imprisonment rates for women have grown at a ___________ rate of men.

Answer 6

Twice

Question 7

A prison operates under which type of management structure for its employees?

Answer 7

Hierarchical

Question 8

Who appoints a jail administrator to oversee the day-to-day operations of the facility?

Answer 8

The Sheriff

Question 9

Approximately _________ of the prisons in the US are classified as maximum security?

Answer 9

25%

Question 10

What are the functions of a jail?

Answer 10

To detain people awaiting trial, to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals, and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less than one year.

Question 11

Why are jails more difficult to manage than prisons?

Answer 11

They have diverse populations, which increases volatility and unpredictability. There is also a certain amount of mentally ill that don’t receive treatment.

Question 12

The release of an inmate into a community supervision program at the discretion of a parole board is called what?

Answer 12

Discretionary Release

Question 13

The hearing in which the parole board determines whether to grant parole is typically called what?

Answer 13

Parole Hearing

Question 14

What is the US Supreme Court case that decided that juveniles have a right to counsel when transferring to adult court?

Answer 14

Kent v. United States

Question 15

The process in which low risk offenders are removed from the juvenile justice system by placing them into a community based rehabilitation program is called what?

Answer 15

Pretrial diversion

Question 16

A process in which the prosecutor decides whether a juvenile offenders case will be heard in juvenile or adult court is called what?

Answer 16

Prosecutorial waiver

Question 17

A report that provides the judge with relevant background material to aid in the disposition decision is called what?

Answer 17

Predisposition Report

Question 18

What are the things a judge considers during a detention hearing for a juvenile?

Answer 18

Whether there is probably cause, and a need to justify the continual detention of the juvenile.

Question 19

What are the different forms of residential treatment programs?

Answer 19

Alcohol and drug treatment, behavioral and cognitive therapy.

Question 20

Which of the following generally houses 12-15 youths that provides counseling, educational services and treatment?

Answer 20

Group Homes

Question 21

What are the different components of the definition of a youth gang?

Answer 21

Gang name, recognizable symbols, geographic territory, and participation in illegal activities.

Question 22

What are the three struggles of Jihad?

Answer 22

(1) the struggle against the evil in oneself (2) the struggle against the evil outside of oneself (3) the struggle against nonbelievers

Question 23

What is the lead agency in preparing for and responding to disasters?

Answer 23

FEMA

Question 24

What is the strategy used to collect information by intelligence agencies?

Answer 24

Electronic surveillance, human-source collection, open-source collection, intelligence sharing, and counterintelligence.

Question 25

What are the typical parole conditions of an offender?

Answer 25

They must comply with the law, and report to their parole officer at certain intervals.

Question 26

What are the main issues with border security today?

Answer 26

Unregulated ports of entry.

Question 27

Which crime is when consumers order and pay for items that are never delivered?

Answer 27

Advance fee fraud.

Question 28

In 2010, nearly 300 billion spam messages were sent each year, accounting for what % of all emails?

Answer 28

97%

Question 29

Why is the internet conducive to child pornography?

Answer 29

Speed, Security, and Anonymity

Question 30

The illegal production and sale of material depicting sexually explicit conduct is called what?

Answer 30

Obscenity

Question 31

(T/F) One of the many advantages of probation for the offender is that the length of the probationary period is usually considerably longer than the length of the prison term.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

(T/F) Most of the rules of evidence that govern regular trials do not apply to revocation hearings.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

(T/F) A curfew requires the offender to remain home at all times except for medical emergencies.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

(T/F) In the Supreme Court Case Whitley v. Albers, the Court held that the use of force by prison officials violates an inmate's 8th Amendment protection only if the force amounts to unnecessary and wanton affliction of pain.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

(T/F) Most states do not have a bifurcated process in which separate disposition hearings follow the adjudicatory hearing.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

(T/F) The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act was passed in response to the attacks on the federal building in Oklahoma City.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

(T/F) NSA agents eavesdrop foreign conversations whatever form they may take, while at the same time working to ensure sensitive messages by the US government are not subjected to similar scrutiny.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

(T/F) The Department of Homeland Security controls all federal efforts to combat terrorism.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

(T/F) In order to search a suspected terrorist's apartment and examine the contents of his/her computer, the federal law enforcement does not need a court order.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

(T/F) Many experts believe that internet-enabled crime is going to increase dramatically in the near future.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Conditions of probation which are imposed on all probationers are called _______ conditions.

Answer 41

Standard conditions

Question 42

_______ is a criminal sanction in which a convict is allowed to remain in the community rather than prison as long as he/she follows certain conditions set by the court.

Answer 42

Probation

Question 43

The period of time a person is denied bail, or is unable to pay it, is called what?

Answer 43

Time served

Question 44

Prisons reserved for the worst of the worst are known as _______ prisons.

Answer 44

Supermax

Question 45

The conditional release of an inmate before his/her sentence has expired is called _______.

Answer 45

Parole

Question 46

A body of appointed citizens that decides whether or not a convicted offender should be granted conditional release before the end of his/her sentence is called _______.

Answer 46

Parole board

Question 47

The first juvenile court was created in the state of _______.

Answer 47

Illinois

Question 48

The first US Supreme Court case to extend any due process rights to children was _______ v. United States

Answer 48

In re Gault

Question 49

Individuals who use violence to further political goals such as the formation or destruction of a particular government are called _______.

Answer 49

Terrorists

Question 50

The condition of not being able recognized or having a traceable name or identity on the internet is called what?

Answer 50

Anonymity