Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oceanography > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

A drift current meter provides what info?

A

Current speed and flow direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a benefit of downwelling

A

Export of dissolved oxygen to the deep ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do subtropical gyres rotate in one direction and sub polar gyres rotate in the opposite direction

A

Subtropical gyres are generates by the westerlies and trade winds and sub polar gyres are generated by the polar easterlies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The global ocean conveyer belt circulation is most responsible for distributing what?

A

Heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Offshore winds most likely result in what?

A

Costal upwelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The floats that are programmed to measure deep currents are called what?

A

Argo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why does upwelling increase biological productivity

A

It provides nutrients used by phytoplankton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do areas along eastern boundary currents typically have cool dry climates?

A

Eastern boundary currents are coming from the poles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does deep water formation occur?

A

The polar regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the name of the western boundary current of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre

A

Gulf Stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If the Gulf Stream were to turn right into the Atlantic near the coast of SC the climate of northeast US would become _____ and the climate of Europe would become _____

A

Cooler, warmer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A breakdown of normal wind circulation due to wind reduction in the Pacific Ocean results in what?

A

El Niño.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is generating force that starts surface currents?

A

Wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the driving force behind the generation of deep water currents?

A

Density difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What percentage of the winds energy is transferred to the oceans surface?

A

2 percent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the fundamental unit of taxonomic classification

A

Species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of Long appendages for most phytoplankton

A

Provides increased buoyancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What kingdom does single cells algae belong in?

A

Protista

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What usually describes cold water species when compared to their warm water counterparts

A

Large grow slowly and have a longer lifespan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which organism type comprises the majority of earths biomass

A

Plankton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What best classifies a tuna

A

Nexton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is an advantage of daily vertical migration by marine zooplankton

A

Predator avoidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

An organism that can make its own food without relying on other organism as is called what?

A

Autotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Organisms living on the ocean bottom are called what?

A

Benthos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What strategy does a jelly use to avoid predators?

A

Transparency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why are there more benthic species than pelagic species?

A

The benthic zone has more potential habitats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The surface water in which region should have the highest dissolved oxygen concentration?

A

Polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What adaption decreases the effect of viscosity on swimming organisms?

A

Streamlining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Why does the dissolved oxygen concentration begin to decrease at the bottom of the epilagic zone

A

This is where respiration exceeds photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

An organism that lives in the plankton for only part is it’s life is called what?

A

Meroplankton.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What type of compound releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water?

A

An acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The density of water____below 4 degrees C

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

On a sunny day, the sand is hot but the water is still cool. What property of water does this demonstrate?

A

High specific heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Why is there little change in salinity below 1000 meters?

A

Surface processes don’t affect the deeper water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The freezing point of water ____ with the addition of dissolved substances and ____ at higher pressures

A

Decreases, decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Based upon latitude, where is salinity highest in the northern hemisphere?

A

Topic of cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the average surface ph of the ocean?

A

8.1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is Te term for the total amount of solids dissolved in water?

A

Salinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Why isn’t desalination more widespread?

A

It is energy expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

A large influx of carbon dioxide to the ocean over an extended period of time will have what effect on ph?

A

Decrease the ph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

If water temp decreases water density___ if salinity decreases density____

A

Increases, decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Changing the salinity of a body of water most often involves what?

A

Adding/removing fresh water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Which of the following exerts the greatest control over density at the oceans surface

A

Temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What areas on earth experience the greatest day/night temp variations

A

Interiors of land masses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the name of the layer of water marked by rapidly changing temp with depth

A

Thermocline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is a dead zone?

A

A low oxygen area caused by eutrophication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The rate at which photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms convert energy into organic matter is referred to as…

A

Primary production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Which of the following are the most productive marine algae

A

Diatoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Why are Continental margins more biologically productive than the open ocean

A

There are more available nutrients along the continental margins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Why does the mid latitude region usually have to phytoplankton Blooms per year

A

Phytoplankton are limited by sunlight and nutrients at different times of the year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What percentage of organic material from the surface makes it too deep ocean floor

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is the major limiting factor to phytoplankton production in the tropical oceans

A

Lack of nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the major limiting factor to phytoplankton production in the pool oceans

A

Lack of sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Why is more of the oceans biomass supported by photosynthesis then by chemosynthesis

A

Because there is more available sunlight and water and nutrients for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Which of the following are most often responsible for a harmful algal blooms

A

Dinoflagellates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Which type of consumer feeds on plants and animals

A

Omnivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Satellites can measure which pigment to determine ocean productivity

A

Chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What is the average percentage of energy that is transferred from one trophic level to another

A

10 percent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Which area of the ocean usually has the greatest light penetration

A

Open ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What factor determines which play is subducted are a subduction zone

A

Density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Based on present day plate movement, in the future the Atlantic Ocean will get____ and the Pacific Ocean will get____

A

Bigger, smaller

62
Q

Areas of volcanic activity that are not located at plate boundaries and do not change position are called____

A

Hotspots

63
Q

What polarity is earths magnetic field at present?

A

Normal

64
Q

The solid layer of the earth that moves and makes up the plates is the…

A

Lithosphere

65
Q

The study of earths field in the geologic past is called…

A

Paleomagnetism

66
Q

Mountains are created at what specific plate boundary

A

Continental-continental convergent boundary

67
Q

The plastic layer between the surface of the earth in which the plates float is called the…

A

Asthenosphere

68
Q

The mid ocean ridge where new crust is created, is called a

A

Spreading center

69
Q

Which of the following is the term for plate boundary where the plates are moving away from each other new crust is being created

A

Divergent

70
Q

Which of the following features associated with an oceanic oceanic convergent boundary

A

Volcanic island arc

71
Q

What is the name of the supercontinent hypothesized by Alfred Wagner

A

Pangaea

72
Q

Areas where crust is being destroyed and recycled are called….

A

Subduction sones

73
Q

If the earth is four .6 billion years old why is the oldest ocean for only 180 million years old

A

Because the oldest crust is destroyed at subduction zones

74
Q

The geophysicist______ was the first to come up with the idea of continental drift

A

Alfred Wagner

75
Q

Which of the following is the term for the plate boundary type where crust is neither created nor destroyed but the plates are moving laterally past each other

A

Transform

76
Q

Which of the following caudal fin types is found on sharks

A

Heterocercal

77
Q

Which of the following is one of the reasons that gray whales undergo such extensive migrations each year

A

To feed in the Arctic

78
Q

Why do tuna need more myoglobin than other fish such as grouper?

A

It allows them to swim faster for a longer period of time

79
Q

Why are marine mammals able to stay under water longer than humans

A

They use oxygen more efficiently

80
Q

Which family of baleen whales swims with their mouths open in scams the water service for small pray

A

Right whales

81
Q

Why is anthropogenic noise pollution such a problem for marine mammals

A

It can cause strandings

82
Q

What is the cue for gray whales to start their migration from the arctic

A

The formation of pack ice

83
Q

Which fin is most often used to propel high speed fish

A

Caudal fun

84
Q

Which organisms have rigid gas containers in their bodies

A

Cuttlefish

85
Q

How do fish benefit from maintaining a constant body temp

A

Increased swimming speeds

86
Q

What is a significant adaption of deep sea organisms

A

Bioluminescence

87
Q

What is the primary function of a dorsal fin

A

Stabilization

88
Q

Which order of marine mammals is vegetarian

A

Sirenia

89
Q

Which order of marine mammals has prominent canine teeth

A

Carnivora

90
Q

How does schooling of fish benefit reproduction

A

It increases the chance of fertilization

91
Q

Why is there a greater coral diversely in the Pacific Ocean then in the Atlantic Ocean

A

Because of plate tectonics

92
Q

Why aren’t there extensive kelp forests on the east coast of the United States as compared to the West Coast

A

The East Coast does not have a benthic substrate in which the kelp can attached

93
Q

What is a known cause of coral bleaching

A

Increased water temps

94
Q

What is the most significant stressful organisms in the high tide zone of a rocky shore

A

Disiccation

95
Q

What is the most important organisms found at hydrothermal vents

A

Archaea

96
Q

Why are high nutrient concentrations in the water harmful for coral Growth

A

Because turbidity increases due to planktonic Algal growth

97
Q

Which part of the coral reef protects organisms and some of the reef from wave action

A

Buttress zone

98
Q

What organisms live between the sediment particles of a sandy beach

A

Meiofauna

99
Q

Which type of sediment covered shore is considered the lowest energy environment

A

Mud flat

100
Q

Why is the majority of benthic biomass found on the continental shelf

A

Because biomass is correlated with primary production

101
Q

Why are smaller more delicate plate coral found 50 to 100 m down on a coral reef

A

Wave energy is lower in this area

102
Q

What is the area called where water that is very high and salinity trickles out of the seafloor

A

Hyper saline seep

103
Q

What is the basis of life at a hydrothermal vent

A

Chemosynthesis

104
Q

Why do corals need zooxanthellae

A

For food

105
Q

Why does a male fiddler crab have one claw that is significantly longer than the other

A

To attract females

106
Q

What is the most significant mode of transport of lithogenous sediment

A

Water

107
Q

Increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere will cause what to happen to the calcite compensation Depth

A

It will become shallower

108
Q

What resources are produced in the ocean floor by bacteria breaking down organic matter

A

Gas hydrates

109
Q

What is the major mineral component of lithogenous sediment

A

Quartz

110
Q

A calcareous ooze would be dominated by which organism

A

Foraminiferan

111
Q

And the device upon what you are reading this question has components need from resources from the ocean floor. What are they called?

A

Rare earth elements

112
Q

What is the type of sediment that is derived from the continents?

A

Lithogenous

113
Q

What often speeds up the decent of small particles to the ocean floor

A

Decal pellets

114
Q

What are of the ocean floor usually has the thickest sediment deposits

A

Continental shelf

115
Q

For sediment be considered a biogenic ooze what minimum percentage must be biological matter

A

30 percent

116
Q

What is the type of sediment that is not from earth

A

Cosmogenous

117
Q

An abyssal clay with a brownish red color is rich in what element

A

Iron

118
Q

What is the sediment type that comes from the remains of previously living organisms

A

Bio genius

119
Q

A siliceous ooze is dominated by which microscopic algae?

A

Diatom

120
Q

What method of sediment collection achieves the deepest penetration

A

Rotary drilling

121
Q

What feature might cause a wave to break well before it meets the shoreline

A

Long shore sandbar

122
Q

What feature is formed at the mouth of a river one more sediment is deposited than the longshore current can accommodate

A

Delta

123
Q

Which of the following terms would be used to characterize the West Coast of the United States

A

Erosional and emerging

124
Q

What is the net direction of longshore current along the east and west coast of North America

A

South

125
Q

What has caused the greatest changes in sea level in the past 3000 years

A

Tectonic movements

126
Q

What supplies the majority of sand in an individual beach compartment

A

River inflow

127
Q

What is the name for the body of water between a barrier island and the mainland

A

Lagoon

128
Q

Why does the East Coast of the United States had many barrier islands but the West Coast does not

A

The East Coast has a passive continental margin in the West Coast is an active margin

129
Q

With continued sea level rise what is expected to happen to the total area of wetlands

A

It is expected to decrease

130
Q

Which of the following zones is located between low tide line and the highest point on land affected by large storm waves

A

Shore

131
Q

Which of the following terms would characterize the east coast of the United States

A

Depositional and submerging

132
Q

What is causing barrier islands to migrate landward

A

Rising sea level

133
Q

What ecosystem is usually found in the midlatitudes and supports low lying halophytic plants

A

Salt marsh

134
Q

After playing in the ocean for a while Tom looks up and sees he has drifted quite a distance from his starting point. Why?

A

Long shore current has moved Tom parallel to the shore

135
Q

If caught in a rip current what should a swimmer do?

A

Swim parallel to the shore until they no longer feel the current

136
Q

What toxic compound found in petroleum is harmful to marine life

A

PAH

137
Q

DDT has been banned in the us since 1972 but other countries continue to use it, why?

A

Because it decreases public health risks

138
Q

What is the worlds largest oil spill

A

Kuwait 1991

139
Q

What is the greatest source of oil to the ocean

A

Natural seeps

140
Q

It is illegal to dump what into the ocean

A

Plastic

141
Q

What is bioremediation

A

The use of bacteria and fungi to break down oil from a spill

142
Q

What causes Minamata disease

A

Mercury

143
Q

What type of oil spill was the deep water horizon in the Gulf of Mexico

A

Extraction

144
Q

What is the worst issue associated with plastics in the ocean

A

Accumulation of toxic chemicals that are then ingested

145
Q

What is used to assess how pollutants affect organisms

A

Environmental bioassay

146
Q

Which of the following is the only country that has not adopted the law of the sea treaty?

A

United States

147
Q

Where does the majority of plastic in the ocean go?

A

It remains at the surface

148
Q

Storm drain runoff and any trash that flows with it is called what

A

Non point source pollution

149
Q

The increase of toxic chemicals with increasing levels in the food web is referred to as what?

A

Biomagnification

150
Q

What is the threshold morality rate that determines if a pollutant is toxic or not

A

50 percent

Oceanography (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions