Final Exam Flashcards
What are psalms?
- The Psalter, in Hebrew- Tehillim (“praises”)
- Israel’s hymns
- A way to pray in specific ways
Different types of psalms
- Hymns
- Individual thanksgiving
- Communal thanksgiving
- Individual lament
- Communal lament
Also orientation, disorientation, and reorientation
Who are many of the psalms attributed to?
David
How many books of the Psalms are there?
5 books (150 individual psalms)
Who is the author of Proverbs?
Solomon (except for 30 &31)
Content of Proverbs
Wisdom literature (fear of the Lord is wisdom)
Personifications
Lady Wisdom - created by God before Creation
Dame Folly - villain, the adulteress
Proverbs 31 Woman
What is a Proverb
A short poetic saying that conveys a general truth
How Proverbs ends
Ode to a Capable Wife which tries to get men to appreciate strong women in their life / women are wiser than men
Content of Job
Righteous man gets favorable life taken away, conversation with 3 friends, God restores his favor to Job
Theodicy
dealing with the goodness of God in an evil world
The books of the Five Megillot
Megillot = Scrolls
Ruth, Song of Songs, Ecclesiastes, Lamentations, Esther
Authorship of Five Megillot
Song of Songs and Ecclesiastes are by Solomon
By tradition, Lamentations is attributed to Jeremiah
Ruth and Esther are by unknown authors
Content of Ecclesiastes
Life is pointless, just live in the moment
Content of Song of Songs
love poetry
interpreted allegorically by Jews and Christians (God & Israel and Christ & the church)
Content of Lamentations
fall of Jerusalem to Babylon in 587 BC
Content of Ruth
Faithful daughter in law from Moab goes back to Bethlehem with Naomi
Content of Esther
Queen Esther saves the Jews from annihilation by Haman
Daniel
post exilic prophet, Jews supposed to become Babylonian, Daniel interpreted dreams, “Son of Man” is prophesized
Ezra
Revives Judaism post exile, most instrumental in re-observing the Law
Nehemiah
cup bearer to the Persian king that was in charge of rebuilding the wall in Jerusalem
Content of Chronicles
retelling of Samuels and Kings
Cyrus the Great
king of Persia who conquered Babylon and allowed Jews to return from exile and go back to their homeland (this decree changed the world)
Intertestamental Period
succession of empires: Babylon, Persia, Greece, Rome
Alexander the Great
conquers Persia, his kingdom is divided into 4, Antioch takes over Judea and orders execution of Jews, leads to Maccabees revolting (Hanukkah)
Hasmonean Dynasty
Jewish Dynasty that ruled after Maccabeean revolt for about 100 years before Rome took over
Jewish writings
Septuagint, the apocrypha, and the pseudepigrapha
Sepuagint
Jewish writing - Greek translation of the Old Testament
Jewish sects
Pharisees and Sadducees
Pharisees
sect of the people; believed in the whole Tanakh and resurrection
believed in a lot of the same things Jesus did, but they criticized him for the amount of time he spent with tax collectors and sinners
Sadducees
Priestly sect that liked Roman rule; only believed in the Torah; did not believe in the resurrection
What are the Gospels
Biographies of Jesus’ life
Names of the Gospels
Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John
Synoptic Gospels
Matthew, Mark, and Luke
What does “synoptic” mean?
They are three books telling the same basic story
Priority of Mark
assumption that Mark was written first before the others (John was probably written last)
Birth and life of Jesus
Born of the virgin Mary in Bethlehem, grew up in the city of Nazareth in Galilee
John the Baptist
prophetic figure similar to Elijah, baptizes Jesus
Jesus’ baptism
John baptizes Jesus, the Holy Spirit enters Jesus, and his ministry begins from that moment
Jesus’ ministry
about the Kingdom of God (Heaven) and God’s reign coming to earth
His ministry lasted 3 years
What was the Passion Week
The week leading up to Jesus’ death
Jesus’ sign-acts
There were three that took place during Passion Week: riding into Jerusalem on a donkey, demonstration in the temple, and the Eucharist (thanksgiving with the bread and wine)
What is a parable
a statement or saying with dual and deeper meaning
Importance of parables in Jesus’ ministry
they concealed the truth to reveal the truth
Mary Magdalene
one of the disciples, she was the first person Jesus revealed himself to after the resurrection
Judas
One of the twelve; betrayed Jesus for 30 pieces of silver
Peter
Leader of the twelve; denied Jesus three times
OT texts relating to Jesus’ self-understanding
Daniel 7, 13, and 14; Isaiah 53
“Son of Man”
It comes from Daniel’s prophesy and is what Jesus refers to himself as
What does Christ mean
Christ = Messiah = Anointed One
Author of Acts
Luke
Content of Acts
beginning and mission of the early church; work of Jesus through the Holy Spirit; how a Jewish sect (Christianity) became a Gentile religion
Pentecost
When the Holy Spirit comes down on the apostles and they preach to convert more Jews; birthday of the Church
Stephen
first martyr of Christianity; stoned to death
Cornelius
first Gentile convert to Christianity
Saul/Paul
originally tried to destroy the church; on the road to Demascus he saw the light
Jerusalem Council
The church had a controversy over Gentiles becoming Christians – they determined circumcision was not necessary to be Christian (main advocate being James brother of Jesus)
Paul’s missionary journeys
He took 3 journeys, on the 4th he was arrested and sent to Rome
How does Acts end
Paul is placed under house arrest in Rome for 2 years
Paul’s view of God
God is one in the trinity; God created the world through Christ
Paul’s Christology
Christology = teachings of Christ;
To Paul, Jesus is the Wisdom of God, Jesus was pre-existent, and Jesus is the Last Adam
Shema
God is one
Paul: Humanity’s plight
World is fallen under Sin’s influence (idolatry is the root of all sin as it is rebellion against God)
Paul: Atonement
Christ’s death is the way God defeats Sin and Death
Sin and Death
defeated by God through Christ’s death
Paul’s Gospel
good news: Christ died for our sins, rose from the dead, and is Lord over all
Salvation
Justification Sanctification Redemption Reconciliation Glorification
Justification by faith
grace through faith geven as a gift, faith apart from works; being declared righteous = acquitted of guilt/forgiven of sins
Paul’s view of the Torah
It’s Scripture, but it changed because of Christ; Torah was given to Israel as a “tutor,” but because of Christ, we no longer need the tutor to learn from; there’s still a role for Torah to play, it’s fulfilled by the love commandment
Paul’s view of Israel
to be part of the Church, one must have faith in Christ, being Jewish no longer equals being one of God’s chosen people – faith in Christ makes one part of God’s people; olive tree metaphor
“Works” (Paul)
We are justified by faith apart from works, but we are saved FOR good works
Paul’s Ethics
fulfill law, love your neighbor, participation in Christ and Christ’s death, we are constantly dying with Christ
Household Codes
Relationships between: Husband & Wife, Parents & Children, and Masters & Slaves
Significance of Romans
most comprehensive book of Paul’s theology - his magnum opus
Situation in Galations
Gentiles were Judaizing first to become Christians – Paul emphasizes justification apart from works
Grace
unmerited favor
Faith
trusting/believing in Christ
Hope
certainty that God will fulfill his promises to resurrect the dead and glorify the church
Paul’s view of the Holy Spirit
receiving the Holy Spirit is the seal of salvation
Content of James
book of Jewish wisdom, quotes from Jewish ministry
Justification by faith AND works
Content of Hebrews
superiority of the New Covenant over the Old Covenant, Jesus is the perfect sacrifice;
Jesus is the high priest (only book to say this)
Author of Hebrews
anonymous
What is the New Covenant?
It was prophesied in Jeremiah; Christianity is the New Covenant
Content of 1 Peter
Takes John’s born again theology and Paul’s teachings and uses Isaiah 53’s Jesus is the perfect sacrifice
Content of 2 Peter
Jude rewritten, false teachers, delay of the second coming of Christ
Content of 1 John
Problem with docetism (people denying Jesus came in the flesh), love writing – God is love
Johanine Literature
The Gospel of John, 1-3 John, Revelation
Content of Revelation
eschatology, highly figurative language
Authorship of Revelation
John
Eschatology
end of time
Ending of Revelation
New heavens and new earth – borrowed from Isaiah
Content of Jude
false teachers (Jude says he’s the slave of Jesus and the brother of James)
