Final Exam

Question 1

Define form and function of communication

Answer 1

Form is how you communicate, function is why

Question 2

main purpose for working in the natural environment?

Answer 2

obtain the most natural behavior and response

Question 3

what is a V.O.C.A.?

Answer 3

voice output communication aid

Question 4

four components of responsive communication style

Answer 4

1. Establishment of joint and mutual attention
2. turn taking
3. contingent responsiveness
4. positive affect

Question 5

be familiar with Environmental Arrangement Techniques

Answer 5

focus on making language part of routines, include interesting materials, have adults and peers who encourage students to use language and respond to attempts, establish a contingent relationship between language use and access to materials or assistance during some routines and activities

Question 6

name three naturalistic teaching strategies for language

Answer 6

1. Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT)
2. Pivotal Response Training (PRT)
3. Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

Question 7

Describe EMT

Answer 7

Consists of model, mand-model, time-delay, and incidental teaching.
First, select the procedure that is most natural to the ongoing interaction. Second, use the procedure that provides the level of support the student needs to make an appropriate communicative reponse

Question 8

Describe the activity matrix

Answer 8

A grid with the students name and daily activity on it; used to meet their goals and objectives in daily life

Question 9

contingency responsiveness

Answer 9

how the adult reacts immediately after a child’s behavior and is related to the child’s focus of attention

Question 10

mand-model

Answer 10

use of commands or demands from adult to child without prompts or demonstrations

Question 11

incidental teaching

Answer 11

arrange the environment in ways that encourage the student to request materials or assistance

Question 12

joint vs mutual attention

Answer 12

joint= both communicators give attention to the same object
mutual= both communicators look at each other

Question 13

model

Answer 13

a system or process used as an example to follow

Question 14

time-delay

Answer 14

to establish environmental stimuli instead of simply presenting models and mands as cues for verbalization

Question 15

echolalia

Answer 15

meaningless repetition of another person’s spoken words

Question 16

prompt hierarchy

Answer 16

prompts sequenced from least to most assistance

Question 17

PECS

Answer 17

picture exchange communication system; use of pictures do communicate thought and needs

Question 18

functional communication

Answer 18

observing students in the activities identified in their environmental inventory

Question 19

pivotal response training

Answer 19

teaches a repertoire of pivotal behaviors, such as persistence, play, and social exchanges

Question 20

turn-taking

Answer 20

teaching a student how to know when to start and end a conversation/activity turn

Question 21

positive affect

Answer 21

extent of which an individual subjectively experiences positive moods such as joy, interest, and alertness

Question 22

environmental inventory

Answer 22

identify the settings in which students need communication skills

Question 23

massed trial instruction

Answer 23

involves teaching one program at a time with no other trials/programs interspersed and with short pauses between trials

Question 24

discrete trial training

Answer 24

method of teaching in which the adult uses adult-directed mass trial instruction; reinforcers are chosen for their strength and clear contingences and repetitions to teach new skills

Question 25

generalization

Answer 25

teaching in a way that the skill can be used in all settings

Question 26

communication mode

Answer 26

natural speech, facial expressions, gestures