Final Exam Flashcards
1
A
Water Walk (1959)
John Cage
- was an experimental musician who used sound experiments as performance art
- was rehearsed and organized through drawn out plans
- sounds must fall mathematically
- used everyday objects to make sound
- received laughter as a reaction
2
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Automobile Tire Print (1953)
Robert Rauschenburg and John Cage
- a way to rethink printmaking
- printed on paper that was pasted together, used black house paint
- drove a car slowly and straight over the paper
- a scroll (reminds of the Torah)
- a tire as a found object used to make a new way of mark making
3
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Erased de Kooning (1953)
Robert Rauschenberg
- is the erasure of a mark art?
- De Kooning gave him an inked image, and he erased it
- removed the trace of the “master”
- used a gold frame to play off the idea of value
- reclaims the piece as his own, also creates a plaque placed inside the frame
4
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The Bed (1955)
Robert Rauschenberg
- “combines” a combination of materials and objects into a new form
- ran out of canvas, used his bedding to paint on (sheets, quilt, pillows), and transforms it into a painted form
- appropriated Pollock’s technique of action painting and non-traditional materials
- used the bed as a sign of sex/ejaculation
- included in an exhibition in Paris called Eros, dedicated to sex
5
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Monogram (1955-59)
Robert Rauschenberg
- taxidermied goat combined with other materials
- base made of newspapers, decoupage, wooden signage
- inked tire over goat, face splattered with paint
- caused many different interpretations- Rauschenberg is the ram, the tire is Jasper Johns (his former lover)
6
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Three Flags (1958)
Jasper Johns
- explored everyday objects in a new way
- a flag is a composition of patterns
- recreated it for people to find their own associations with the flag and investment into such object
- collage, paint, wax, newsprint
- repeats flag three times
- how does this represent America
7
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A
Painting with Two Balls (1960)
Jasper Johns
- signature playing off the man made signature and stencil
- used three canvases to be able to separate
- plays with the idea of 2D and 3D art and the idea of masculinity
- “throwing your balls on the canvas”
8
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Painted Bronze (1962)
Jasper Johns
- bronze cast sculpture (all casted separately)
- hand painted Ballantine Ale (his favorite drink)
- created in response to Leo Castelli (a successful art dealer in NYC)
- will people buy beer cans as art?
- the cans have subtle differences which mean they both are a one of a kind object, plays on the idea of mass produced objects
- one opened and consumed, one not
- consumption of art = consumption of beer
- “if there’s a base, it must be art”
- traditional mediums used to create non-traditional forms
9
A
Magnet TV
Nam June Paik (1965)
- fluxus- movement, experimental media, challenging control systems
- sculptural media
- interrupts broadcast, movements of light, swirls of color
- used display store TVs to use as an art installation, turning knobs, distorting color
10
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TV as a Fireplace (1969)
Gerry Schum
- filmed an outdoor campfire
- with the emergence of cable, people had access to broadcast at broadcasting stations
- broadcasted in Germany between the time of Christmas and New Years after the last show on TV aired
- in this time, instead of gathering around a fire, people gathered around a TV
- art like this made more accessible to people who can’t or don’t usually go to galleries
- art that is free, doesn’t need to be bough
11
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A
18 Happenings in 6 Parts (1959)
Allan Kaprow
- happenings were an idea developed by Allan Kaprow, influenced by Gutai performance art and Jackson Pollock
- theatrical- a space set up, individuals play a role, viewer as the audience / conceptual- transmittence of an idea between the happening creator and the audience by engagement / participatory- artists becomes the art
- held in a gallery with the space divided into rooms, where people were greeted with the same stack of cards, divided into the rooms and did activities in rotations
12
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Seed Bed (1972)
Vito Acconci
- speaker on a ramp, with the artist under the ramp, speaking to the viewer on a mic
- private sexual activity
- masterbasted to the fantasized idea of the audience
- the “seed” planted is between him and the viewer
- concept of sexual relations
13
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Following Piece (1969)
Vito Acconci
- attempt to connect with the audience
- created outside of the gallery space, where he would choose one person each day to follow and document all of that person’s actions until they entered a private space
14
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A
Shoot, (1971)
Chris Burden
- wondered how it felt to be shot, or how a gun felt pointed at you
- got shot for the sake of art
- his body as the medium, always trauma inflicted
- held in a gallery
15
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Vagina Painting
Shigeko Kubota
- used as commentary on abstract expressionism
- attached paintbrush to her underwear
- walked across the paper with red paint to represent period
- the result wasn’t the actual piece, it was the process and the concept
16
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The Cross (1956-7)
Wallace Berman
- assemblage- used found materials, taking the low and making it high art
- weathered cross
- on the left is a copy of Hebrew letters with no meaning
- represents the difficulty of ancient text
- on the right is a small wooden box suspended by a chain and inside is a picture of two people having sex (just the genitals)
- “factum fidei” which means fact of faith
- sin is a fact of faith
- to make you think about the symbols of religion
17
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The Child (1959)
Bruce Conner
- assemblage, pieces are intentionally gory dealing a lot with death
- clay, wood, wax, and pigment
- stretch over is nylon
- a reference to Caryl Chessman (the “red light rapist”)
- because of the kidnapping of Charles Lindberg’s child, kidnapping became a capital offense
- anti death penalty as a work of art
- the chair represents an electric chair
18
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A
The Wait (1964)
Kienholz (the husband and wife duo)
- tableaux- creating a sculpture you can walk into
- no longer interactive where it is displayed
- theme of time and a sense of nostalgia, criticizes the past generation
- using found things from an antique store
- figure assembled from animal bones and mannequin parts
- table to the side filled with frames of family members
- her face is a photograph on a jar, around her neck are bottles holding trinkets, taxidermied cat on her lap
- what is she waiting for? represents the elderly who sits and waits for time to pass
- the lamp is always lit and the bird always alive
- contrasting ideas of life and death
19
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The Subway (1968)
George Segal
- makes whole casts of regular people
- places them into a tableaux
- does not paint the cast
- draws together the reality of life as well as the isolation of life
20
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A
John with Art (1964)
Robert Arneson
- turns everyday objects into art but changes them slightly
- plays with the idea of the bathroom as ceramics
- the John as the toilet
- ”art” written as poo
- commentary on the art world in New York, someone commented that art in LA was crap
21
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A
Real Gold from Bunk (1950)
Eduardo Paolozzi
- bunk- a book of collages, like a scrapbook, consisted of ten collages
- bunk meaning lies and falsehoods
- shows happy modern housewives
- takes book covers and pastes on ads
22
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A
Just What is it That Makes Today’s Homes so Different, So Appealing? (1956)
Richard Hamilton
- advertising, graphic design background (knew how to sell a product)
- how popular culture is representing the work
- Mr. Universe, Playboy, pin-ups, the Hollywood starlets
- the home filled with all the latest furniture
- Hoover vacuum reaches all the way up the stairs, Ford logo on the map, the traditional portrait next to a framed comic
- promoting the American ideal
23
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Self Portrait with Badges (1961)
Peter Blake
- impressionistic privacy fence
- presents himself as a fan of America
- making fun of himself and his peers for worshipping Americans
- wearing the uniform of the American teen- cuffed Levi jeans, converse, buttons on jackets, fan magazine, red white and blue
24
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Still-life (1962)
Tom Wesselmann
- the time of mass food/package production
- collaged aspects of 2D and 3D objects, juxtaposition of different scaled objects
- red, white, blue- situated in an American landscape
- kitchen with functional fridge and abundance of food
- great art of the past with the kitsch of the present
25
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A
Campbell’s Soup Cans (1961-62)
Andy Warhol
- assembly line production into an art studio, worked with a team of artists
- each print is original, even if repeated (slight or dramatic variations)
- feeling of walking into a supermarket and purchasing a product
26
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Gold Marilyn Monroe (1962)
Andy Warhol
- bringing back portraiture
- capuring the public persona, not personality
- garish tones of color
- idea of how people are turned into products
- audience becomes desensitized to repetition
- painting a celebrity icon, replacing religious icons
27
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Blam (1962)
Roy Lichtenstein
- directly appropriated cartoon images
- streamlines scene, adds narrative, visually simplifies the composition
- back then, appropriation was acceptable, “copied, but transformed”
- uses benday dots like in old cartoons by hand, screens with paint mimicking machine process
28
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A
The Demuth American Dream (1963)
Robert Indiana
- the number 5 repeated five times, after Demuth, The Figure 5 in Gold
- sharp, clean edges
- based on the Great Figure poem by William Carlos Williams
- star off the Citco sign
- 1928 representing when Charles Demuth died, 1963 when William Williams died
29
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The Store (1960)
Claes Oldenburg
- recreated everyday objects as sloppy sculptures and paper mache objects
- plays with proportions
- rents out storefront to exhibit objects
- consumer-like experience going into a store, with all pieces up for sale
- how your every day experiences engage the art world
30
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A
Lipstick Ascending on Caterpillar Tracks (1969)
Claes Oldenburg
- an anti-war monument
- inflatable lipstick
- idea of make love, not war
31
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A
F-111 (1965)
James Rosenquist
- large scale mural of fragments of images
- reference to the Vietnam war, and carnage of warfare
- fragments of commercialized products
32
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A
Naked Girl (1968)
Lucian Freud
- represented people who were close to him
- idea of nude vs naked
- removal of the outer shell and public persona, vulnerable state
- psychological studies of the individual
33
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A
2 Nudes in Studio (1965)
Philip Pearlstein
- studio nudes
- used the figure as a prop
- figure is objective, no psychological connection, turns faces away (unlike Freud)
- if there are two models, they usually are isolated from each other
34
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A
Self Portrait (1968)
Chuck Close
- super realism, returning to everyday life
- paints in grey tones
- now in a wheelchair and finds new ways of mark making
35
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A
Woman with Dog (1977)
Duane Hanson
- life-sized replicas of everyday people to celebrate the mundane
- people we don’t seem to notice
- polyresin sculpture
36
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A
Vanitas (1977)
Audrey Flack
- modern baroque
- relationships of objects within the painting
- references to fleeting life and beauty
37
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A
War Series (1967)
Nancy Spero
- condemning American troops
- used helicopters as an icon of war
- idea that war was brought into every home
- anti-war statement
38
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A
Vietnam Series (1973)
Leon Golub
- napalm series
- troops, tanks, guns, the Vietnamese fleeing
- careers were hindered because of his content
39
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A
Q: and babies? (1970)
Art Workers Coalition
- raised funds for anti-war efforts
- photographed by Ronald Haeberie
- based on an interview with Paul Meadlo of Mike Wallace
40
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A
Spiral Jetty (1970)
Robert Smithson
- taking art into the environment, and away from the gallery
- Environmental Protection Agency, 1962
- located in Great Salt Lake, Utah
- did not introduce foreign objects to the site, but uses materials found at site
- used dump trucks to move dirt and basalt to form a spiral
- sometimes exposed, sometimes submerged
- cannot buy but can take pictures
- entropy
- idea played off on how crystals form a spiral
41
Q
A
Sun Tunnels (1973-76)
Nancy Holt
- wife of Robert Smithson
- observatory to look at the sun, moon, and stars
- located in the Great Desert Basin, Utah
- 18 ft long tunnels
- face the cardinal directions and aligned with the winter and summer solstice
- drilled circles in tubes which represent the constellations
42
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A
Lightning Field (1977)
Walter De Maria
- located in New Mexico
- 1400 stainless steel lightning rods
- requires the engagement of Nature
- concept of the sublime
43
Q
A
Valley Curtain (1972)
Christo and Jeanne-Claude
- husband and wife duo
- environmental site art
- direct interaction to populous, experienced by the whole community
- funded by fundraisers
- no trace can be left, left up to weeks or hours at a time
- fabric pieces cut and sold as art
- process art
- located in Colorado
- vibrance against nature
44
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A
Box with Sound of its Own Making (1961)
Robert Morris
45
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A
Untitled Felt Pieces (1968)
Robert Morris
- soft-form sculpture
46
Q
A
Untitled Pours (1969)
Lynda Benglis
- poured works as sculptures
47
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A
Rope Piece (1970)
Eva Hesse
- strings are a reference to the human body
48
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A
Splashing (1968)
Richard Serra
- works described as aggressive
- used corten steel
- performance piece
- roll, crease, fold
- sight specific pieces
49
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A
Prop (1969)
Richard Serra
- pieces of corten steel
- not welded together, both pieces are relying on each-other’s pressure
50
Q
A
Tilted Arc (1981)
Richard Serra
- site specific piece
- located in the Federal Plaza, NYC
- created to challenge plaza sculptures of the norm
- public hated it
- what do people really see as art?
51
Q
A
Some Living American Woman Artists (1971)
Mary Beth Edelson
- collaged faces of notable women on The Last Supper
- imagery of women dining (not cooking)
- Georgia O’ Keefe in the center
52
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A
Womanhouse (1971)
Judy Chicago and Miriam Shapiro
- created a class of 21 female students to design art installations for each room
- longings, fears, and dreams of women
53
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A
The Turkish Bath (1973)
Sylvia Sleigh
- objectifies the male body instead of women
54
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A
Interior Scroll (1975)
Carolee Schneemann
- pulls out a scroll from her vagina and recites the text written on it
55
Q
A
The Dinner Party (1979)
Judy Chicago
- 39 place settings on the table
- handmade plates and goblets
- 999 notable women on tiles
- collaborative effort of women who work in textiles, embroidery, and ceramics
- triangle so that there is no head of table
- started alone, but later joined by women and women
56
Q
A
The Dove (1964)
Romare Bearden
- collaged from magazines
- cut apart and reassembled images
- Harlem neighborhood, African American community
- variety of proportions
- dove as a symbol of peace (instead of violent reputation)
57
Q
A
George Washington Carver Crossing the Delaware: Page from American History Textbook (1975)
Robert Colscott
- played off of history vs. humor
- parody of George Washington Crossing the Delaware
- surrounded by a group of stereotypes
- to open a conversation
58
Q
A
The Flag is Bleeding (1967)
Faith Ringgold
- variety of statements about the flag
- what the flag means to her
- black man that is bleeding
- what is faced in America
59
Q
A
The Liberation (1972)
Betye Saar
- collected objects, assemblage
- work confined in boxes she built
60
Q
A
Injustice Case (1971)
David Hammons
- made prints by putting margarine on body to leave behind oil marks, then blows on black pigment
- American flag as backdrop
- reference to the Chicago 7 trial
- 1968 Democrat National Convention in Chicago
- represented Bobby Seale before Judge Julius Hofman
- bound and gagged
61
Q
A
Central Avenue (1969)
Philip Guston
- work revolves around the KKK and lynchings, cartoony style
- pastel colors, simplified form
- was criticized by NY artists
- was not celebrating the KKK, but represents himself by it (not as a member)
- hood that represents evil, curiosity of how it feels to be under that hood
- sees the KKK as absurd, how does such evil exist? tries to examine and understand it
- the art world misunderstood and tore him apart
62
Q
A
The Great Friends (1965)
George Baselitz
- figurative works of heroic figure types, non-specific settings
- figures distorted and disheveled, thick brushstrokes
- idea of damage done to figures in a war-torn nation
- inspired by propaganda posters about Germany and Russian alliance
- irony
63
Q
A
Occupation Series (1969)
Anselm Kiefer
- intentionally provocative
- takes place in settings where Hitler has marched
- photographs himself with the Nazi salute
64
Q
A
March Heath (1974)
Anselm Kiefer
- Markiche Heide
- vast, torn landscape referenced to Germany and the push for territory
- evident tank treads
- application of actual hay into paint
65
Q
A
Quaternity (1973)
Anselm Kiefer
- attic spaces reminiscent of family history stored away
- exploring concept of memory
- three fires representing the holy trinity
- serpent representing satan
- all connected by diagonal lines
- inspired by Carl Jung, with the idea of there being one entity and four parts
- satan is the suppressed side of god
- attic represents the belief system, faith, good and evil
66
Q
A
Untitled Film Still #3 (1977)
Cindy Sherman
- series of film stills of herself
- plays with the idea of stereotypes and dresses up
- relies on the viewers’ concept of stereotypes
- copies the familiar, where the viewer adds to the narrative
- also deals with feminist issues, where women are stock characters that get replayed
67
Q
A
After Walker Evans (1979)
Sherri Levine
- best known for appropriation of photographs by Walker Evans
- photographs the photograph
- playing with the concept of the death of the artist
- if the image is recreated by a female artist, how does the viewer see it differently?
- usually appropriates from men
68
Q
A
Truisms (1977-79)
Jenny Holzer
- background in conceptual media and advertising
- takes idea of text and manufacturing
- sometimes projected text, utilized signs
