Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 101 > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

Occurs when the presence of others improves our performance

A

Social Facilitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Occurs when the presence of others causes individuals to relax their standards.

A

Social Loafing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Occurs when people conform to the behavior of others because they view them as a source of knowledge about what they are.

A

Informational social influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Occurs when people adjust their behavior to what others are doing or adhere to cultural norms.

A

Conformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A type of conformity that occurs when people go along with the behavior of others in order to be accepted by the group.

A

Normative social influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rules about acceptable behavior imposed by the cultural context in which one lives.

A

Social norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A situation in which the thinking of the group takes over, so much that group members forgo logic or critical analysis in the service of reaching a decision

A

Groupthink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Occurs when people yield to the social pressure of an authority figure

A

Obedience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the Milgram study of obedience

A

Milgram recruited people from the community to participate in an experiment at Yale University. Focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. He examined justifications for acts of genocide offered by those accused at the World War II, Nuremberg War Criminal trials.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Outcome of the Milgram obedience study

A

65% (two-thirds) of participants (i.e., teachers) continued to the highest level of 450 volts. All the participants continued to 300 volts. Milgram did more than one experiment – he carried out 18 variations of his study. All he did was alter the situation (IV) to see how this affected obedience (DV).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inferences made about the causes of other people’s behavior

A

Attributions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ascribe other people’s behavior to something within them, such as their personalities, motives, or attitudes.

A

Dispositional attributions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When they think something outside the person, such as nature of the situation is the cause of his or her behavior

A

Situational attributions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The tendency to make situational attributions for our success.

A

Self-serving bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The tendency to explain others behavior in dispositional rather than situational terms

A

Fundamental attribution error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Develop models of the social world which function as lenses through which we filter our perceptions.

A

Schemas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Schemas of how people are likely to behave based simply on groups to which they belong

A

Stereotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A biased attitude toward a group of people or an individual member of a group based on unfair generalizations about what members of that group are like

A

Prejudice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The preferential treatment of certain people usually driven by prejudicial attitudes

A

Discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An individuals favorable or unfavorable beliefs feelings or actions toward an object an idea or person

A

Attitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Includes feelings or emotions associated with the belief

A

Affective component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Consists of rational thoughts and beliefs that make up the attitude

A

Cognitive component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Includes motive to act in a particular way toward the person or object of the attitude

A

Behavioral component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The feeling of discomfort caused by information that is different from a persons conception of himself or herself as a reasonable and sensible person

A

Cognitive dissonance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The act of attempting to change the opinions beliefs or choices of others by explanation or argument

A

Persuasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Violent behavior that is intended to cause psychological or physical harm or both to another being

A

Aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When aggression stems from feelings

A

Hostile aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When aggression is a means to achieve some goal

A

Instrumental aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A phenomenon in which the greater the number of bystanders who witness an emergency the less likely anyone of them is to help

A

Bystander effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

When there are many people around an individuals responsibility to act seems decreased

A

Diffusion of responsibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Selfless attitudes and behavior towards others

A

Altruism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The idea that we help others when we understand that the benefits to ourselves are likely to outweigh the costs

A

Social exchange theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The ability to share the feelings of others and understand their situations

A

Empathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A state of relationship in which one feels kindness toward another who is suffering and on feels motivated to help relieve that suffering.

A

Compassion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Sternbergs idea that three components (intimacy, passion and commitment) in various combinations can explain all the forms of human love

A

Triangular theory of love

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

A group or cluster of related symptoms that are characteristic of a disorder

A

Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

4Ds that determine whether something is a mental disorder

A

Disturbance-of thought, emotion or behavior
Dysfunction-of biological or developmental processes
Distress or Disability-in everyday life (especially relationships or work)
Deviant-thought, emotion, or behavior but only if also dysfunctional; deviance alone is not enough.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The occurrence of two or more psychological disorders at the same time

A

Comorbidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Characterized by motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectation/thoughts, include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobic disorder, and post traumatic stress disorder

A

Anxiety disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Occurs when psychological symptoms take a physical form even though no physical causes can be found. Include hypochondriasis and conversion disorder.

A

Somatic symptom disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Characterized by the individuals deliberate fabrication of a medical or mental disorder to gain medical attention

A

Factitious disorders

42
Q

Involve a sudden loss of memory or change of identity

A

Dissociative disorders

43
Q

Disorders involving problems in consciousness and cognition, such as substance-Induced delirium (sometimes called manic depression)

A

Mood disorders

44
Q

Characterized by distorted thoughts and perceptions, odd communication inappropriate emotion and other unusual behaviors

A

Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

45
Q

Characterized by abuse or dependence on drugs such as alcohol cocaine and hallucinogens

A

Substance related disorders

46
Q

Consists of three main types of disorders: gender identity disorders, paraphilia, sexual dysfunctions

A

Sexual and gender identity disorders

47
Q

Include anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa

A

Eating disorders

48
Q

Consists of primary sleep disorders such as insomnia and narcolepsy and sleep disorders due to a general medical condition such as sleep apnea

A

Sleep disorders

49
Q

Include kleptomania pyromania and compulsive gambling

A

Impulsive control disorders not elsewhere classified

50
Q

Characterized by distressing emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor

A

Adjustment disorders

51
Q

Low intellectual functioning and an inability to adapt to everyday life

A

Intellectual disorders

52
Q

Develop when personality traits become inflexible and maladaptive

A

Personality disorders

53
Q

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; autistic spectrum disorders, learning disorders, conduct and oppositional disorder, separation anxiety disorder and feeding, tic and elimination

A

Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy childhood or adolescence.

54
Q

A childhood disorder characterized by severe language and social impairment along with repetitive habits and inwards focused behaviors

A

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)

55
Q

A childhood disorder characterized by inability to focus attention for more than a few minutes to remain still and quiet to do careful work

A

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD

56
Q

The ability to make eye contact with others and to look in the same direction that someone else is looking

A

Joint attention

57
Q

Psychological disorders of thought and perception characterized by inability to distinguish between real and imagined perceptions

A

Psychotic disorders

58
Q

A psychotic disorder characterized by significant disturbances in thought and emotion specifically problems with perception including hallucinations

A

Schizophrenia

59
Q

Major symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech
Grossly disorganized behavior or catatonic behavior (immobile and unresponsive though awake)
Negative symptoms such as not speaking or being unable to experience emotion

60
Q

False beliefs or exaggerations held despite evidence to contrary such as the idea that one is a famous person

A

Delusions

61
Q

The speech of people with schizophrenia which may follow grammatical rules but be nonsensical in terms of content

A

Word salad

62
Q

An explanation for the origin of psychological disorders as a combination of biological predispositions plus stress or an abusive environment

A

Diathesis stress model

63
Q

The highest order category of the depressive disorders and subsumed all forms of depression including major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder

A

Depressive disorder

64
Q

A mood disorder characterized by pervasive low mood lack of motivation low energy and feelings of worthlessness and guilt that last for at least 2 consecutive weeks

A

Major depressive disorder

65
Q

Previously known as dysthymia and involves same symptoms as major depression but at less severe levels

A

Persistent depressive disorder

66
Q

A mood disorder characterized by substantial mood fluctuations, cycling between very low and very high moods

A

Bipolar disorder

67
Q

One mood cycle in bipolar disorder typically involving increased energy sleeplessness euphoria irritability delusions of grandeur increased sex drive and racing thoughts that last at least 1 week

A

Manic episodes

68
Q

Symptoms of mania (increased energy, euphoria, racing thoughts) but that are less severe

A

Hypomanic episodes

69
Q

DIGFAST

A 
D-Distractibility 
I-Indiscretion
G-Grandiosity 
F-Flight of ideas 
A-Activity increased 
S-Sleep (decreased need for) 
T-Talkativeness
70
Q

A state of pervasive and excessive anxiety lasting at least 6 months

A

Generalized anxiety disorder GAD

71
Q

An anxiety disorder associated with perceptions of threat and occurring because of fear of danger inability to escape embarrassment or specific objects

A

Panic attacks

72
Q

An anxiety disorder characterized by panic attacks and persistent anxiety about having more attacks

A

Panic disorder

73
Q

An anxiety disorder an ongoing and irrational fear of a particular situation or activity

A

Phobia

74
Q

An anxiety disorder involving fear of being in places from which escape might be difficult or in which help might not be available should a panic attack occur

A

Agoraphobia

75
Q

An anxiety disorder in which obsessive thoughts lead to compulsive behaviors

A

Obsessive compulsive disorder OCD

76
Q

An unwanted thought word phrase or image that persistently and repeatedly comes into a persons mind and causes distress

A

Obsession

77
Q

A repetitive behavior performed in response to uncontrollable urges or according to a ritualistic set of rules

A

Compulsion

78
Q

Psychological disorders characterized by extreme splits or gaps in memory, identity, or consciousness

A

Dissociative disorders

79
Q

A dissociative disorder in which a person develops at least two distinct personalities each with its own memories thoughts behaviors and emotions some psychiatrists question the legitimacy of the disorder

A

Dissociative identity disorder DID

80
Q

Dramatic emotional personality disorder characterized by extremely impulsive deceptive violent ruthless and callous behaviors a serious and potentially dangerous disorder

A

Antisocial personality disorder

81
Q

An anxious fearful personality disorder characterized by extreme fear of being criticized low self esteem and avoidance of social interaction

A

Avoidant personality disorder

82
Q

An anxious fearful personality disorder characterized by fear of being rejected and a strong need to be cared for

A

Dependent personality disorder

83
Q

Dopamine not only is involved in controlling our muscle movement and with the basic feelings of reward and pleasure but also is one of the main neurotransmitters involved in developing schizophrenia

A

Arvid Carllson Dopamine Study

84
Q

Drug to treat schizophrenia; help diminish hallucinations confusion agitation and paranoia but also have adverse side effects

A

Phenothiazines

85
Q

Drugs prescribed primarily for depression and some anxiety disorders that work by making more serotonin available in the synapse

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs

86
Q

A salt that is prescribed for its ability to stabilize the mania associative with bipolar disorder

A

Lithium

87
Q

Based on Freud’s ideas a therapeutic approach oriented towards major personality change with a focus on uncovering unconscious motives especially through dream interpretation

A

Psychoanalytic Therapy

88
Q

A form of humanistic therapy in which the therapist shows unconditional positive regard for the patient

A

Client centered therapy

89
Q

The process in psychotherapy in which the client reacts to a person in a present relationship as though that person were someone from the clients past

A

Transference

90
Q

A psychotherapeutic technique in which the client takes one image or idea from a dream and says whatever comes to mind regardless of how threatening disgusting or troubling it may be

A

Free association

91
Q

Therapies that seek to help the client reach his or her greatest potential

A

Humanistic/positive therapies

92
Q

Therapies that apply the principles of classical and operant conditioning in the treatment of psychological disorders

A

Behavior therapies

93
Q

A behavioral therapy technique, often used for phobias in which the therapists pairs relaxation with gradual exposure to a phobic object generating a hierarchy of increasing contact with the feared object

A

Systematic desensitization

94
Q

Form of vivo exposure in which the client experiences extreme exposure to the phobic object

A

Flooding

95
Q

Any type of psychotherapy that works to restructure irrational thought patterns

A

Cognitive therapy

96
Q

Treatment choices based on empirical evidence that they produce the desired outcome

A

Evidence based therapies

97
Q

Therapies that make use of technology or the internet to complement current therapies or to make psychotherapeutic techniques available to more people

A

Technology based therapies

98
Q

Therapies that use virtual environments to create therapeutic situations that would be hard to create otherwise

A

Virtual reality therapies

99
Q

An electric approach in which the therapist draws on different treatment approaches and uses those that seem most appropriate for the situation

A

Integrative Therapy

100
Q

The treatment of last resort for severe depression that involves passing an electrical current through a persons brain in order to induce a seizure

A

Electroconvulsive therapy ECT

101
Q

A form of psychosurgery in which the connections between the prefrontal cortex and the lower portion of the brain are severed; no longer in use

A

Prefrontal lobotomy

102
Q

Drilling a hole in the skull to allow evil spirits to escape

A

Trephining

Psych 101 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions