final exam Flashcards
1
Q
What makes you Canadian?
A
- citizenship
- born here
- premate visa
2
Q
Cultural Pluralism
A
People from many nations-states, ethic, linguistic, cultural and religious group coexisting. In order to succeed cultural pluralism requires respect in spite of differences
3
Q
Multiculturalism
A
Canada’s official domestic policy concerning diversity ; country-wide encouragement and defence cultural pluralism
4
Q
Individual Rights
A
certain basic freedom and given benefit, belonging, to each person in canada, according to the constitution
5
Q
Collective Rights
A
cultural, ethic, and/or linigustive communties recognized and given benefits based on their need or history
6
Q
Rule of Law
A
Equality of individual and insituions in the adminstion of rule , punshiments and allowence
7
Q
Judicial Branch
A
- applies and interpets laws
- the supreme courts
- provincial/territorial courts
8
Q
The Legislative Branch
A
- makes laws
- represents the intersets and rights and canada’s regions
- the house of commons
- the senate
9
Q
Executive Branch
A
- propose must laws
- puts laws in place
- run the day to day business of government
- the cabinet
- the prime minster
10
Q
Members of Parliament (MPs)
A
- make up the house of commons
- their jobs is to represnt the peoplr that elected them, called consituents
11
Q
consistiuences
A
consistience - ridings - electoral distracts
12
Q
first pass the post
A
mps are elected my a process called first pass the post not popular vote
13
Q
sentate
A
- senators are appointed by the prime minster BUT their time in the sentate lasts longer than the prime minster’s time in office; this helps the senate represent arrange of political partys
- their job is to represent minorities and provide sober second thought; gives second vote on all bill
- representation of canada’s regions in slightly different in the house of commons; many canadians want to have elected senate or no senate
14
Q
governor general
A
Juile Payette
15
Q
coalition
A
Cooperating parties in a minority government
16
Q
Bill –> Law
A
each law must through three reading and committee work in looth the house of commons and the senate, additionally, the law must be approved by the head of senate, additionally the law must be approved by the head of state in a process of “Royal Assent”. If at any point either the house of crown rejects the bill it goes all the way back to the beginning again
17
Q
make a bill a law
A
- idea
- intro to house commons - 1st reading 2nd reading committee stage and 3rd reading
- to the senate - 1st reading 2nd reading committee stage and 3rd reading
- royal assent
18
Q
official opposition
A
party with 2nd most party number
19
Q
party soildarity
A
obligation to vote with the established position of the party
20
Q
problem
A
representing constituency may disagree w/ party postion
21
Q
crossing the floor
A
switching political parties
22
Q
The Party Whip
A
position in a political party ; this individual ensures all MPs vote according to the party postion not consuence
23
Q
lobby groups
A
orgainizations designed to represent specific minority and/or special intersets to the government. they attempt to influence the governemnt using petitions, raising interset (print, video & web) protesting, etc….. ex. PETA, union, etc.
24
Q
Goals of YCJA
A
- prevent crime
- rehabilite and reintegrate those who have committee crime
- provide meaningful consquences
25
challenge of YCJA
to sentence farily and equitable
26
equality
everyone gets the same
27
equitable
everyone gets what they need- considering individual needs and circumstances reasonable
28
criminal code of canada
- 18 years & up
- Criminal activity usually results in court
- Sentences often include long periods of imprisentment
- offenders receive a criminal record and their names are published
- Court appointments
29
The YCJA
- passed in 2003
- YCJA applies to 12-17 year old
- under the age of 12 youths are not considered crimeally responsible
- can result in counselling, community service, sentence circles, or courts
30
criticism of YCJA
- too easy on young offenders especially those under 12
- extremely complex sentencing system which can overload an already bursting criminal justice system
- too dependent on the attitude of the youth
- more considerate of the privacy and comfort of the youths than of the safety of general society
- lesser sentencing on people under 12
31
Way to criticize in a democracy
- petitioning - elected district
- lobby groups
- letting writing
- vote
- protesting
- political cartoon
32
analyzing a polictial cartoon
1. identify the topic what element of government/justice/system/human nature is it monking
2. what technigues are being used? text. characatures, exaggeration, etc. SYMBOLS
3. Artist's statement- what does the artist think about the topic
33
jury
12 person panel made of citizen volunteers, assigned to hear cases, deliberate, and provide a verdict in adult sentencing cases
34
About the jury
- anyone 18 years or older who is a canadian citizen can serve on a jury
- jury duty is obligatory (mantory) to anyone not facing undue hardship
- Jury decision must be unanimous
- Jury decision must be unbiased ; jurors cannot be connected to the case in anyway ; jurors are sequestered
35
justice advocay group JAG
- citizen led
- prevent crime; through education, outreach & support
- work to rehabilitate former inmate
36
citizenship
belonging to a legel and civil community
37
When was the Charter of rights patriered?
1982, before then cananda was still connected to Great britian. We couldn't go to war or change federal. Great britian lowkwy kicked up out.
38
Charter of rights two main sections
Individual rights- freedoms and benefits and responsiblities
Collective rights- freedoms and benefits and offical responsiblilties of majority
39
sequested
term when jurors are moved to be unbaised
40
Fundamental freedoms
freedom of conscience and religion. freedom of thought, belief, opinion, and expression, including freedom of press and media and peaceful assembly
41
Democratic Rights
No house of commons and no legislative assembly shall continue for longer than five years from date. Every citizen of Canada has the right to vote
42
Mobility Rights
right to enter, remain in and leave canada to move and take up residence in any province and to pursue the gaining of liveihood in any province
43
Legal Rights
right to be secure against unreasonable search or seizure. everyone has the right not to be arbitratily detained or imprisoned. to be tried within reasonable time.
44
Equality Rights
equal protection without discrimination based on race nationl or ethic origin, colour, religion, sex or mental or physical disablity
45
Rights have responsibilities
When we k is our right, we have to understand our responsibilities. When we understand we have to act on them.
46
Rights in a workplace
If you know your rights you will know how you are meant to be treated
47
Economics
Study of the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services
48
Scarcity
Unlimited wants are challenged by limited resources (land, labour and capital)
49
Means of production
Land, labour and capital
50
Economics land
Came from nature; renewable and non renewable ex. Oil and trees
51
Economics labour
The physical and mental effort of people in the production of goods and service ex. Workers, trucks, plastic suppliers and metal suppliers
52
Economics capital
The money, equiptmeny tools, and facilities needed to produce goods and serves ex. Pay workers & run machines
53
Who deals with the economy’s
Governments, businesses, individuals (consumers)
54
Consumerism
Link money and consumers demands and services
55
Factors 4 consumers
```
Quality
Popularity
Cost
Locality
Identify
Marketed
Familiarity
Health and safety
```
56
Prosperity
How “well off” you have ; financial security, that three is exes income available
57
GDP
Gross domestic product; what your country makes in a year
58
Supply and demand
This process is supposed to let the market respond to the consumer (or demand) in such a way that the price will eventually occur
59
Equilibrium
Suppliers and consumers are both
| An equal middle
60
Monopolies
Occurs when only one viable producer exists for a product or service
61
Competition
Opposite of monopoly it’s a competitive market
62
Cure for monopolies
Advertising
Increasing product quality
Expanding provided service
63
Boycott
Decision by a group of consumers not to buy a product based on moral or ethic concerns consumers may have
64
Price fixing
Create minimum prices. It is usually the result of planned strategy established by the producers to detriment of the consumer
65
Government intervention
Refers to the laws and policies that are set up to establish minimum of maximum prices on some industries, government usually feel they are working in the best interest of either struggling businesses or of risk individuals
66
Public good
What’s best for the most number of people
67
Planned economy
- more government involvement
- less free supply and demand
- government controls supply and price
- consumers are taken care of but have lil say
- factors of productions are publicly owned
- if you don’t pay traces you can’t get stuff
- publicly owned
68
Mixed economy
- private business sets prices
- lil bit of both planned and markets
- some owned by government some owned by the people
- consumers have government regulations and safety nets
- private business are still able to compete to give variety and quality
- advices big swings
69
Market economy
- less government involvement
- more free supply and demand
- private business set prices in supply and demand
- the factors of production are privately owned
- consumers have a lot of say
70
What is planned economy sometimes called
Communism
71
Market economy sometimes called
Capitalism
72
Social programs
Country-wide programs established to help lower income citizens, promote well being in all citizens and support equality
- paid by government
- little out of pocket
- more social programs = higher taxes
73
Examples of social programs
- pensions
- childcare
- healthcare
- senior care
- education
- employment insurance
- affordable housing
74
Pros of publicly funded social program
- everyone is provided for “elite program” for the minority
- people feel a sense of community because we work together for society’s good
- higher likihood of equality in society
75
Cons of publicly funded social programs
- higher taxes, especially on the wealthy who could have contributed to the supple and demand cycle
- people might have a lowered sense oh personal responsibility
- lower quality programs provided; lower overall quality of life
76
what are collective rights
collective rights are rights held by groups in canadian society. llective rights are different then individual rights.
77
Major collective Indentifies are
Francophones (French Speakers- French as a first language!)
Anglophones (English Speakers- English as a first language!)
Aboriginals (First Nations, Metis, Inuit)
78
Francophones
Mainly concerned with Language Rights - especially education in French.
They are concerned that if the French language isn’t protected in the laws of Canada, then the language will be drowned out by the Anglophone majority
79
First Nations
First Nations deserve special respect in Canada because of their deep connection to the land and the mistreatment they have received in the past (I’m talking about you, residential schools!)
The Indian Act and the Treaties found the basis of how the government treats First Nations- they provide rights but also entrench racism?
80
Metis
The Metis are the only truly Canadian people- they are the descendants of the First Nations and European fur traders. Their past has been controversial, as they want to be seen as their own nation, not lumped in with either the Treaty First Nations or the Europeans.
Metis lands are given in the Charter but many live amongst the general population
Louis Riel is awesome
81
4 Catagories of Immigrants
Economic
Family
Refugee
Other
82
Enconomic Immigrant
Immigrant who is going to help canada ecnomically by getting a job or somehow conbruting to socity
83
Family Immigrant
An immigrant who comes to live with family
84
Refugee
someone escaping they're country mostly because of war
85
Immigrantion in the past
Immigration in the past was based mainly on economic need and tended to favor European, English speakers.
The policies were especially racist toward Chinese and Indian immigrants
86
Immigrantion NOw
Immigration in the past is based on merit and the POINTS SYSTEM. Different categories look for different characteristics, but health, safety concerns, education, language skills, family, and stability are all factors
