final exam Flashcards
What makes you Canadian?
- citizenship
- born here
- premate visa
Cultural Pluralism
People from many nations-states, ethic, linguistic, cultural and religious group coexisting. In order to succeed cultural pluralism requires respect in spite of differences
Multiculturalism
Canada’s official domestic policy concerning diversity ; country-wide encouragement and defence cultural pluralism
Individual Rights
certain basic freedom and given benefit, belonging, to each person in canada, according to the constitution
Collective Rights
cultural, ethic, and/or linigustive communties recognized and given benefits based on their need or history
Rule of Law
Equality of individual and insituions in the adminstion of rule , punshiments and allowence
Judicial Branch
- applies and interpets laws
- the supreme courts
- provincial/territorial courts
The Legislative Branch
- makes laws
- represents the intersets and rights and canada’s regions
- the house of commons
- the senate
Executive Branch
- propose must laws
- puts laws in place
- run the day to day business of government
- the cabinet
- the prime minster
Members of Parliament (MPs)
- make up the house of commons
- their jobs is to represnt the peoplr that elected them, called consituents
consistiuences
consistience - ridings - electoral distracts
first pass the post
mps are elected my a process called first pass the post not popular vote
sentate
- senators are appointed by the prime minster BUT their time in the sentate lasts longer than the prime minster’s time in office; this helps the senate represent arrange of political partys
- their job is to represent minorities and provide sober second thought; gives second vote on all bill
- representation of canada’s regions in slightly different in the house of commons; many canadians want to have elected senate or no senate
governor general
Juile Payette
coalition
Cooperating parties in a minority government
Bill –> Law
each law must through three reading and committee work in looth the house of commons and the senate, additionally, the law must be approved by the head of senate, additionally the law must be approved by the head of state in a process of “Royal Assent”. If at any point either the house of crown rejects the bill it goes all the way back to the beginning again
make a bill a law
- idea
- intro to house commons - 1st reading 2nd reading committee stage and 3rd reading
- to the senate - 1st reading 2nd reading committee stage and 3rd reading
- royal assent
official opposition
party with 2nd most party number
party soildarity
obligation to vote with the established position of the party
problem
representing constituency may disagree w/ party postion
crossing the floor
switching political parties
The Party Whip
position in a political party ; this individual ensures all MPs vote according to the party postion not consuence
lobby groups
orgainizations designed to represent specific minority and/or special intersets to the government. they attempt to influence the governemnt using petitions, raising interset (print, video & web) protesting, etc….. ex. PETA, union, etc.
Goals of YCJA
- prevent crime
- rehabilite and reintegrate those who have committee crime
- provide meaningful consquences
challenge of YCJA
to sentence farily and equitable
equality
everyone gets the same
equitable
everyone gets what they need- considering individual needs and circumstances reasonable
criminal code of canada
- 18 years & up
- Criminal activity usually results in court
- Sentences often include long periods of imprisentment
- offenders receive a criminal record and their names are published
- Court appointments
The YCJA
- passed in 2003
- YCJA applies to 12-17 year old
- under the age of 12 youths are not considered crimeally responsible
- can result in counselling, community service, sentence circles, or courts
criticism of YCJA
- too easy on young offenders especially those under 12
- extremely complex sentencing system which can overload an already bursting criminal justice system
- too dependent on the attitude of the youth
- more considerate of the privacy and comfort of the youths than of the safety of general society
- lesser sentencing on people under 12
Way to criticize in a democracy
- petitioning - elected district
- lobby groups
- letting writing
- vote
- protesting
- political cartoon
analyzing a polictial cartoon
- identify the topic what element of government/justice/system/human nature is it monking
- what technigues are being used? text. characatures, exaggeration, etc. SYMBOLS
- Artist’s statement- what does the artist think about the topic
jury
12 person panel made of citizen volunteers, assigned to hear cases, deliberate, and provide a verdict in adult sentencing cases
About the jury
- anyone 18 years or older who is a canadian citizen can serve on a jury
- jury duty is obligatory (mantory) to anyone not facing undue hardship
- Jury decision must be unanimous
- Jury decision must be unbiased ; jurors cannot be connected to the case in anyway ; jurors are sequestered