final exam Flashcards
1
Q
Gram Positive Cocci
A
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Enterococcus
2
Q
Gram positive rods
A
Listeria Erysipelothrix Bacillus Actinomyces Trueperella Actinobaculum Dermatophilus Clostridium- (Anaerobes)
3
Q
Acid Fast staining bacteria
A
- Cornyebactierium (Partial)
- Rhodococcus- partial
- Nocardia- Partial
- Mycobacterium
4
Q
Gram negative Enterobacteriaceae-rods
A
- E. Coli
- Salmonella
- Yersinia
- Klebsiella
- Shigella
- Proteus
- Enterobacter
5
Q
Gram negative rods
A
- Actinobacillus
- Bartonella
- Burkholderia
- Brucella
- Francisella
- Taylorella
- Bordetella
- Moraxella
- Pasteurella
- Mannheimia
- Histophilis
- Hemophilis
- Psuedomonas
- Avibacterium
- Ornithobacterium
- Vibrio
- Aeromonas
- Nicoletella
6
Q
Gram negative anaerobes
A
- Fusobacterium
- Bacteriodes
- Dichelobacter
7
Q
Spirochetes (Gram Negative)
A
- Brachyspira
- Borrelia
- Leptospira
- Treponema
8
Q
Cell wall deficient bacteria
A
- Mycoplasma
- Ureaplasma
9
Q
Spiral, Gram Negative Bacteria
A
- Campylobacter
- Helicobacter
- Lawsonia
10
Q
Vector Borne Bacteria
A
- Rickettsia
- Neorickettsia
- Anaplasma
- Ehrlichia
- Coxiella
11
Q
Bacteria characteristics
A
- prokaryotes (No nucleus)
- complex cell wall
- no sterol
- membrane bound organelles absent
- single circular chromosone
- no histones
- ribosomes (smaller) 70s
- no cytoskeleton
- asexual reproduction- binary fission
12
Q
Cell wall components-Gram Positive bacteria
A
-Lipoteichoic acid
13
Q
Cell wall components- Gram negative bacteria
A
- outer membrane containing Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- virulence factor
- Lipid A component (endotoxin) of LPS can activate immune system and exert harmful effects on the host
- polysaccharide component contributes to antigenicity
14
Q
cellular features of Mycobacteria
A
- mycolic acid (virulence factor)
- stains with acid-fast stain
15
Q
Flagella
A
-locomotion or motility
16
Q
fimbriae/pili
A
adherance
17
Q
Endoflagella/axial filaments
A
-present in spirochetes
18
Q
capsule
A
-outer covering, helps bacteria evade phagocytosis
19
Q
Characteristics of Fungus
A
- eukaryotic
- sterols in cell membrane
- contains glucans, mannans, chitin (no peptidoglycan)
- unicellular form= yeast
- multicellular- molds (hyphae)
- dimorphic fungus (exist as yeast and mold)
- sexual and asexual reproduction
20
Q
Types of Hyaline fungus
A
- aspergillus
- dermatophytes
21
Q
Mycotoxins
A
- Aflatoxin
- Ochratoxin
- Fumonisin
- Ergot alkaloids
- Zearalenone
22
Q
Types of Yeast
A
- Candida
- Malassezia
- Cryptococcus
23
Q
Types of Dimorphic fungi
A
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Coccidiodes immitis
- Sporothrix schenckii
24
Q
Fungus-like organisms
A
- Pythium
- Lagenidum
- Prototheca
25
Antibiotic
-low molecular substance produced by organism at low concentration, inhibits or kills other microorganisms
26
Antimicrobials
-any substance of natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic origin that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms but causes little or no damage to the host
27
antimicrobials acting on cell wall/cell membrane
- Beta-lactams (penicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams)
- glycopeptides (Vancomycin)
- bacitracin
- polymyxin
28
antimicrobials that act on protein synthesis
- tetracyclines
- macrolides
- aminoglycosides
- chloramphenical
- lincosamides
- streptogramins
29
antimicrobials that are nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors
- sulfonamide/trimethoprim
- nitroimidazoles/nitrofurans
- fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin)
- novobiocin
- rifampin (RNA)
30
antimicrobials that target ergosterols in cell wall- antifungal drugs
- polyene
| - azoles
31
Types of antimicrobial susceptibility testing
- disk diffusion (Kirby Bauer test)-must use bacterial isolate in pure culture
- broth/Agar dilution test
32
Minimum inhibitory concentration
- minimum amount of drug required to inhibit bacterial growth
- lower the MIC, better choice
33
susceptibility break point
-drug concentration above which and organism is considered resistant, and at or below this value organism is susceptible to drug
34
Gradient diffusion test
- uses diffusion and dilution
| - used to obtain MIC values
35
What drugs inhibit ergosterol?
- polyenes
- azoles
- allylamines
36
Binds to mitotic spindles, ihibits mitosis, administered orally, accumulates in keratin, used for dermatophytes
-Griseofulvin
37
Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
-Flucytosine
38
Cornyebacterium spp.-characteristics
- Gram +
- pleomorphic
- aerobic rods
- mycolic acid
- soil and environmental sources
- commensal of skin and mucous membranes
- opportunistic
- host specific
- facultative intracellular- lives in macrophages
- pyogenic infection
39
Cornyebacterium diptheriae
-childhood diptheria
40
Cornyebacterium psuedotuberculosis
- caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats
- route of infection: penetrates skin from wounds or bites of infected animals
- causes economic loss- cull
- in valued animals can disinfect/treat abscess
- horses- pigeon fever (ulcerative lymphangitis of lower extremities)
- cattle- bovine ulcerative lympaginitis
41
Cornyebacterium renale
- contagious bovine polynephritis
- from trauma to bladder/urethra during parturition, contaminated bedding, veneral transmission, or use of non-sterile OB instruments
- AM- high temp, wt loss, colic, smelly pee, decreased rumen contraction
- PM- multifocal abscesses in kidney, uremia, increase in size of renal lymph node
42
Cornyebacterium kutscherii
- murine pseudotuberculosis
- suppurative pneumonia
- nodular lesions in kidney liver and heart
- arthritis in pedal extremities
- lymphnode hyperplasia
43
Cornyebacterium bovis
dermatitis and hyperkeratosis of nude mice
44
Rhodococcus equi- cellular characteristics
- gram positive aerobic rods/coccobacilli
- weakly acid fast- mycolic acid
- facultative intracellular pathogen (in macrophage)
- mycolic acid, techoic acid, peptidoglycan
- opportunistic pathogen in other animals than horse
- lives in soil and manure
45
Rhodococcus equi- clinically
- Foal pneumonia- 1-4 month foals
- suppurative bronchopneumonia, lymphadenitis, abscess formation
- economic consequences
46
Nocardia-characteristics
- gram positive, pleomorphic, gram positive
- rods, cocci, coccibacilli, long, branching filaments
- sprophytes in soil and water
- sulfur granules
47
Nocardia- clinical
- pleural/peritoneal empyema, subcutaneous infections - from wound infections by soil contamination
- nosocomial infections- mastitis
- N. asteroides, N, brasiliensis, N. otitidiscaviarium
48
Nocardia asteroides
-dogs and cats
49
Nocardiosis
-opportunistic, noncontagious, pyogranulomatous to suppurative disease of domestic animals, wildlife, people
50
Actinomyces- characteristics
- branching filaments
- aerobic, anaerobic, capnophilic
- slow-growing and colonies look like molar
- normal flora in mouth of animals and humans
- microcolonies, surrounded by macrophages
- sulfur granules ***
- causes pyogranulomatous disease, when something damages mucosal barrier
51
Actinomyces bovis
- LUMPY JAW-pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis
- causes facial deformities
- when hay or some shit damages mucosal barrier and bacteria get in- ew
- can treat with penicillin
52
Actinobaculum suis
- anaerobic
- in prepucial mucosa of boars
- STI
- causes porcine cystitis and pyelonephritis 3-4 weeks post-coitis
- death and renal failure from boars dirty peen
53
Dermatophilis congolensis
- aerobic gram positive bacteria that looks like a train track
- CAUSES RAIN SCALD-zoospores attracted to moist damaged skin
- can affect cattle, sheep, goats, horses, less frequently pigs, dogs, cats
- keratinolytic activity
- can diagnose by organisms in scabs
54
Trueperella pyogenes
- pleomorphic, aerobic, non-spore forming, non-motile, non-encapsulated capnophilic
- found in mucous membranes
- big time opportunistic pathogen of cattle- sheep, swine, causes secondary infections
- suppurative infections in ruminants and swine
- disease prevalence sporadic, governed by precipitating stress or trauma
- what it causes : secondary bacterial pneumonia and abcesses, prurulent infections, a shitton of bacteremia, mastitis
55
Streptococcus- characteristics
- gram positive, aerobic, catalase -, cocci
- mucoid appearance
- Lancefield grouping
- opportunistic
- mucous membranes
- poor survival in environment
- fastidious
- B-hemolytic pyogenic
- capsule
- important virulence factors: Hyaluronic acid capsule, M protein
56
Streptococcus equi subspecies equi
- Lancefield group C
- causes Strangles in horses-abscesses in lymph nodes, contagious respiratory tract disease contagious upper respiratory infection
- REPORTABLE, quarantine
- complications: Bastard Strangles, prupura hemorrhagic, Guturral Pouch Empyema and Chondroids
- killed S. equi vaccine- maintain high levels of M protein
57
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus
- opportunistic pathogen of horses and other species
- broad pathogen range
- prurulent infections
- upper respiratory tract infections,
- foal septicemia
58
Streptococcus pyogenes
-Group A- cause disease in humans
59
Streptococcus canis
- group G streptococcus
- affects kittens** and puppies
- infection from vagina or umbilical vein can cause bacteremia
60
Streptococcus suis
- type 2 is most problematic
- weaning and growing pigs
- septicemia, serositis, meningitis, polyarthritis, pneumonia, abortions, abscesses, endocarditis
61
Streptococcus iniae
-zoonotic- in fish
62
Streptococcus porcinus
-Jowl abscesses in pigs
63
Steptococcus pneumonia
-pneumococcal pneumonia, septicemia, menigitis in humans
64
Streptococcus- viridans groups
-found in healthy humans and animals
65
Entercocci
- part of normal intestinal flora
| - opportunistic, may cause nosocomial infections
66
Staphylococcus-
-gram positive aerobic cocci
-form grape like clusters
-commensal and survive well in environment
-opportunistic pathogen and may be in nosocomial infections
-coagulase positive are more virulent strains (S. aereus, S.hyiacus, S. psuedointermedius)
-methicillin resistance
-inducible clindamycin resistance in macrolide resistant staph
pyogenic infections
-found in nose and on hands- just don't be gross
67
Staphylococcus aureus
- pyogenic opportunistic infections
- skin/wound infections, local necrosis, pus, TSS, UTI, food-borne intoxication
- nosocomial infections
- mastitis in cattle
- Bumble foot in poultry
- Botryomycosis in lab animals, humans, horses
68
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
-canine pyoderma
69
Staphylococcus hyicus
-greasy pig disease, 1-6 week old piglets
70
Coagulase negative staph
-rarely causes disease in immunocompetent animals
71
Erysipelothrix spp
- small, gram positive, aerobic
- tonsils and intestines
- mostly pig
- through ingestion
- resistant to harsh environment
72
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
* *DIAMOND SKIN DISEASE (Swine Erysipelas)
- she fucking loves this
- 30-50% healthy swine have in tonsils and lymphoid tissue (sometimes in feces
- transmitted: orally +(through skin abrasion)
- young and pregnant susceptible
- subacute= septicemia, acute = dermatopathy (diamond skin disease), chronic= arthritis and endocarditis
- turkeys= acute: septicemia, chronic=endocarditis, arthritis
- sheep= post dipping lameness (non-suppurative polyarthritis)
- humans- cellulitis in fingers, occupational hazard
73
Listeria spp.
- small, gram positive, coccobacilli
- grow at wide range of temperature (resistant to harsh conditions)
- shed in feces and ruminant milk
- ubiquitous in environment
- facultative intracellular
- problem for immunocompromised
74
Listeria monocytogenes- ruminants
- winter/spring, tight spaces- economically important
- can cause visceral and neural disease due to poor quality silage (ingestion, inhalation, through wounds)
- CIRCLING DISEASE, FACIAL PARALYSIS (DROOPY)- trigeminal and facial nerve paralysis
- localizes in brain stem**, intestinal wall, placenta
- cause septicemia- focal hepatic necrosis and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, abortion, encephalitis
- virulence factors: listerolysin O, Act A
75
Listeria monocytogenes in monogastric animals/young ruminants
-systemic listerosis, focal hepatic necrosis, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
76
What impact does Listeria monocytogenes have on humans?
Can be fucking bad dude, can range from flu-symptoms and gastroenteritis to menegitis, septicemia, and abortion
-pregnant and immunocompromised
77
Listeria ivanovii
-not really important, can cause ruminant abortion
78
Bacillus spp
- large, gram positive endospore forming
- rectangle shaped rods (in chains)
- aerobic/facultative
- ubiquitous/ soil sprophytes
- virulence factors: cell associated: D-glutamic acid capsule, extracellular= tripartate anthrax toxin (edema factor, lethal factor, protective antigen)
- extracellular and cell associated factors must be encoded on plasmids and needed for virulence
- stains with methylene blue- pink capsule
79
Bacillus anthracis
- BSL-3 *reportable*
- ingestion/inhalation of spores in soil (oxygen causes sporulation), enters blood stream, causes septic shock
- obligate mammalian pathogen- spores germinate in macrophages
- ruminants *cattle*- septecemia death within 1-5 days with unclotted blood from orifaces, massive spleen, respiratory distress
- horses- acute septicemia, colic, diarrhea, edema, asphyxiation
- pigs and dogs- pharyngeal, lymphadenitis (local), obstructive edema, death, hemorrhagic enteritis
- local anthrax- less susceptible spp. malignant carbuncle
- found in tainted meat
- can live in soil for decades
80
What do you do if you suspect Bacillus anthracis?
YOU CALL THE AUTHORITIES SON, that shit can live in the soil for decades
- DO NOT DO A FIELD NECROPSY UNLESS YOU WANT TO FUCKING DIE
- bury the carcass more than 6.5 feet underground with quicklime, incinerate
81
Zoonotic form of B. anthracis
- Woolsorter's disease
| - pulmonary anthrax
82
Bacillus subcutis/Bacillus cerus
-rare cause of opportunistic infections, wound infections, food poisoning
83
Bacillus lichenformis
-abortion in cattle
84
Mycobacterium
-gram positive, aerobic
-acid fast positive staining rods
-survive well in environment
-different species-
(saprophytic, opportunistic, obligate pathogens)
-survive in macrophages
-cause granulomatous infection and chronic bacterial infection
-virulence factors: Mycolic acid, cell protein antigen (tuberculin)
85
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- humans, dogs, cats, pigs, non human primates, birds
- can transmit elephant to human
- inhalation or P.O
- macrophages bring to lymph node and cause lymphadenitis
- formation of tubercule, chronic granulomatous infection and caseous necrosis
86
Mycobacterium bovis
- zoonotic tuberculosis
- ingestion, PO, wide host range, poor survival in environment
- GI is main portal of entry
- can be dormant and cause progressive disease, sometimes won't clinical signs and will only see at slaughter
- tuberculin test
- human vaccine BCG
87
Mycobacterium avium subs paratuberculosis
- Johne's disease- cattle and ruminants
- chronic progressive granulomatous enteritis
- in macrophages and local lymph nodes
- can take up to 2 years before symptoms will show
- iceberg effect (asymptomatic shedders)
- diarrhea, weight loss
- granulomatous proliferation of ileo-cecal mucosa
- Johne's ELISA
88
Mycobacterium avium complex
- opportunistic, granulomatous infection in humans, animals, birds
- widespread in soil and treated tap water
89
Mycobacterium ulcerans and Buruli ulcer
-tropical wetlands, causes tissue necrosis
90
Mycobacterium leprae
- Hansen's disease/ Leprosy
- chronic granulomatous debilitating disease, skin lesions, neuropathy, nerve thickening
- shed through nose
- from armadillos
91
Mycobacterium lepraernarium
- feline and murine leprosy
- solitary/multiple cutaneous nodules/ulcerated lesions, fastidious
- granulomatous dermatitis panniculitis
92
E.coli- pigs
- ETEC- watery diarrhea, effects neonates, 2-4 weeks and at weaning- F4 adhesion factor, heat labile toxin in vaccine, heat stable toxins
- VTEC- edema disease-edema on eyelid, sow to piglet, select for F18 negative
- EPEC- rare- eae gene on PCR, T3SS needle
- UTI- causes UTI
- MMA- post-partum dysgalactiae
- septicemia- secondary
93
Fusobacterium necrophorum
- ruminants- foot rot, hepatic abscesses, diphtheria (GI tract and laryngitis)
- necrotic laryngitis in cattle
94
Escherichia coli
- lactose positive, oxidase negative, motile rods
- gram negative, facultative anaerobic rods/coccobacilli
- nosocomial infection
- O(o antigen) :26, K(capsule):60, F(fimbriae)41, H(flagella) :11
95
Escherechia coli- bovine
- ETEC- neonates, diarrhea, F5
- EPEC/EHEC- *zoonotic*- mucoid diarrhea
- Mastitis
- Septecemia- NTEC/ExPEC, CNS signs, extraintestinal
96
E.Coli- cats and dogs
- Enteric- ETEC, EPEC, VTEC, EIEC- CNF1-pups
| - cystitis/pyometra
97
E.Coli- poultry and avian
- important in broilers and layers
- APEC- extraintestinal, O1, O2, O78- neonatal colibacillosis-->death and decreased growth, respiratory colibacillosis and septicemia, peritonitis in layers and decreased egg production (chronic)
- E.Coli 078, 02- scabby hip/necrotic dermatitis (broilers)
98
E.Coli- Rabbits
-RPEC/EPEC- O1O9 serotype, suckling rabbits, intimin eae
99
Salmonella enterica
- only strand to affect warm-blooded animals
- obligate symbiotic
- high resistance in environment when protected by organic material (feces) or in dry environment (dust, feed)
- facultative intracellular
- antimicrobial resistance
- zoonotic
100
Salmonella enterica- S. typhimurium serotype
- bovine
- non-typhoid
- zoonotic
- diarrhea, abortion
101
Salmonella enterica - S. dublin
- typhoid (host specific)
| - diarrhea in calves and adults
102
Porcine Salmonella enterica
- S.typhimurium- non typhoid, zoonotic, diarrhea, hyperacute: acute mortality, acute: cyanosis, chronic: non-specific, lesser growth
- S. choleraesuis-typhoid (non-zoonotic) , fever, pain rash
103
Equine Salmonella enterica
- S. abortus equi- rare
- mild= non-host specific horse salmonella, causes general symptoms and slight diarrhea, self limiting
- acute= non-typhoid(zoonotic), most frequent, severe symptoms-->cyanosis shock, laminitis
- hyperacute: foal, endotoxic shock, death
104
Feline/canine Salmonella enterica
- non-host specific
- enteritis and septicemia
- carriers: dogs-0-36%, cats 0-20%
105
Pigeon Salmonella enterica
- S. typhimurium var copenhagen
- typhoid- not-zoonotic
- causes paratyphus
- acute paratyphus- mainly during breeding
- chronic paratyphus- can't fly
106
parrot/ perching bird salmonella enterica
- S. typhimurium- non-typhoid, zoonotic
- apathic, decreased food and water intake
- chronic diarrhea
- in birdhouses
107
Poultry Salmonella enterica
- S. pullorum- typhoid-Pullorum disease, reportable, younger animals (chicken, turkeys, pheasant), high mortality, granulomatous lesions, oophoritis
- S. gallinarum- typhoid- reportable- older animals- fowl typhoid- hyperacute mortality, hemolytic anemia
- S. enterica ssp. arizonae- turkeys,typhoid
- S. Enteriditis- paratyphoid (non-typhoid), zoonotic causes egg contamination of undercooked and raw eggs- vaccine can cross react and may come up positive with S. pullorum and gallinarum
108
When your mom tells you you can't eat raw cookie dough (sigh) because you might get salmonella, which subspecies is she actually referring to?
S. Enteriditis
109
Klebsiella species
- K. pneumoniae
- K. oxytoca
- coliform
- opportunistic pathogen
- waters, soil, environment, GI tract
- nosocomial infections in humans
110
Equine Klebsiella
- umbilical infections
- Equine metritis
- vaginitis, infertility, abortion
- use: amoxycillin + clavamox
111
Klebsiella- dogs
- pyometra/cystitis
| - rare
112
Klebsiella- bovine
-mastitis
113
Yersenia pestis
-zoonotic
-plague!!!
-travels in proventriculus of fleas of wild rodents
transmitted from fleas of wild rodents, to cats, then to humans
-fleas, airborne, oral
114
Yersenia pestis-humans
- bubonic- local lymphadenitis
- pneumonic- pneumonia
- septicemic- septicemia
115
Yersenia pestis- cats
-cats die
116
Yersenia pseudotuberculosis
- zoonotic
| - obligate symbiont, facultative intracellular
117
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-humans
- zoonotic
| - colic
118
Yersenia psuedotuberculosis-birds/rodents
-sepsis and multiplication in blood
119
Yersenia psuedotuberculosis- passeriformes
- fatty liver disease, rodentiosis, affinity for liver
- chronic causes weight loss/respiratory distress
- lesions- acute: splenomegaly
120
Yersenia psuedotuberculosis- turkeys
-rare, high mortality in young
121
Yersenia enterocolitica
- zoonotic
- colic and diarrhea
- in domestic animals- ileitis, gastroenteritis
- serotype O9 has cross reaction with brucellosis
122
Proteus spp.
- swarming bacterium
- P. mirabilis, P. Vulgaris
- causes otitis in dogs (secondary pathogen) along with S. pseudintermedius, and Malassezia pachydermatis
- cystis in dogs
123
Brucella spp
- non-motile, coccobacilli, obligate symbiotic and pathogenic, facultative intracellular
- gram negative
- REPORTABLE
- all are zoonotic except B. Ovis
124
Brucella abortus
- reportable
- localizes in joints and reproductive organs
- causes abortion
- enters PO/ through wounds or through contaminated meat
- localizes in regional lymph nodes before spreading to target organs
- cows around wild ungulates (deer) are susceptible (wild life reservoirs)
- diagnosis: Blood sample, 2 ELISA, IFN test, skin test
- humans- acute bacteremia, chronic disease
- smooth cell wall is more virulent
- Rose bengal test
125
Brucella suis
- reportable
- biovar-1-3 are most pathogenic to bigs
- reservoir= wild boar
- in swine causes abortion and orchitis
- in humans (wild boar hunters)- osteomyelitis long term. sweating, chills, malaise acutely
126
Brucella melitensis
- reportable disease, most zoonotic
- sheep and goats
- malta fever
- human brucellosis, no vaccine
127
Brucella canis
- zoonotic
- STD, repro signs in male- big testicles
- abortion
- obligate pathogen
128
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- gram negative
- motile
- obligate aerobic
- in water!!!
- facultative symbiotic, facultative pathogenic (secondary infection)
- lives in soil, water, plants
- sweet smell
- bleu-green pigment
- oxidase positive, lactose negative
- high resistance, hospital environments
129
Psuedomonas aeruginosa- cats and dogs
- pyoderma
- cystitis, otitis externa (secondary infections)
- purulent processes
- corneal ulcers
130
Psuedomonas aeruginosa- hamsters, small furries
-pneumonia, septicemia, death
131
Psuedomonas aeruginosa- rabbits
-moist dermatitis
132
Pseudomonas aeruginosa- horses
- metritis- vaginitis
| - keratitis conjunctivitis- secondary infection
133
Pseudomonas aeruginosa- bovine, sheep, goats
- mastitis, fleece rot
| - acute, high mortality
134
Psuedomonas aeruginosa- reptiles
-necrotic stomatitis, pneumonia, septicemia
135
Pseudomonas aeruginosa- parrots/ parakeets
- usually secondary infection
| - conjunctivitis, rhinitis, pneumonia, enteritis
136
Psuedomonas aeruginosa- turkeys
- oviducts
| - contaminated (exploding!) eggs
137
Burkholderia
- gram negative, aerobic, rods, catalase positive
| - mostly environmental
138
Burkholderia Mallei
- BSL-3
- reportable, zoonotic
- suppurative lesions- Glander's- nodules and ulcers, pyogranulomatus
- mostly horse
- acute- fever, nasal discharge, lympadenitis, death
- chronic- skin abscesses (Farcy) fever/respiratory problems
- horse: CFT test
- cull
139
Burkholderia psuedomallei
- reportable, zoonotic
- causes mellioidosis in other species than horses
- in horse causes psuedoglanders
- horse: CFT test, don't need to cull (treatable)
140
Francisella spp
- gram negative, small, pleomorphic, coccoid, rod, non-motile
- obligate aerobic, facultative intracellular
- fastidious
141
Francisella tularensis
- reportable
- subsp. Mediasiatic, Holartica, Tularensis
- zoonotic
- vectors-ticks, flies, contaminated water, infected prey
- systemic disease (typhoid) multi-organ failure
- reservoirs- lagomorphs, rodents, amoeba
- disease of northern hemisphere
- North America- tulerensis (virulent in humans)-ulceroglandular, glandular, oculoglandular, oropharyngeal, pneumonic, typhoidal
- Europe- holartica- mild in humans
142
Taylorella
- gram negative, non-motile coccobacillus
- facultative anaerobic
- obligate pathogenic
143
Taylorella equigenitalis
- reportable
- contagious equine metritis
- acute, suppurative infection, abortions
- stallion sample- preputium, urethra, fossa glandis, sinus urethralis
- mare: sample: fossa clitoridis, sinus clitoridis
144
Bordetella bronchiseptica
- gram negative coccobacillus, aerobic
- slow growth, obligate symbiotic, facultative pathogenic
- affinity for ciliated respiratory epithelium
- dermonecrotic toxin, ostotoxin= damage to osteoblasts
145
Bordetella bronchiseptica- dogs/cats
- kennel cough- mix with virus
- dry cough
- kittens= mortality
146
Bordetella bronchiseptica- pigs
- deep nose swab
- non-progressive atrophic rhinitis- nose colonized, dermonecrotic toxin, damage to osteoblasts
- pneumonic bordetellosis- age <1 wk, primary infection, more than one week= secondary infection- coughing
- progressive atrophic rhinitis- dermonecrotic toxin: damage to osteoblast, decrease in osteoclast, with P. multocida, increased osteoclast, deviation of nose, breakdown of bone with no rebuilding of new bone
147
Bordetella avium- poultry
- Coryza- turkey only- inflammation of nasal mucous membrane
- primary pathogen
- swollen head syndrome
148
Bordatella avium- rabbits
- nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing (upper respiratory tract)
- with pasteurella= bronchopneumonia
- tetracycline
149
Moraxella
- gram negative, pleomorphic rods
- catalase and oxidase positive
- obligate symbiotic, obligate pathogenic
150
Moraxella bovis
- pink eye, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
| - can cause ulcers
151
Moraxella boviculi
-keratoconjunctivitis in bovine
152
Moraxella ovis
-keratoconjunctivitis and pneumonia in ovine
153
Mannheima hemolytica
- obligate symbiotic
- facultative pathogenic, pneumonia is primary or secondary infection
- septecemia
- sheep and bovine
154
Mannheimia hemolytica- bovine
-bacterial bronchopneumonia- shipping fever +
P. multocida (mixture of bacteria and stress) -sebrofibrinous bronchopneumonia and pleuritis
-respiratory distress, general symptoms
-secrete ruminant specific leukotoxin
155
Haemophilis
- NAD dependent
| - obligate symbiotic, little resistant in environment, host specific, facultative pathogenic
156
Haemophilis parasuis
- pigs
- Glasser disease
- normal commensal
- endo/exogenic-->septicemia-->general symptoms-->meningitis-->polyserositis/polyarthritis (peritonitis, pericarditis, pleuritis)
157
Haemophilis felis
- rare
- pneumonia
- conjunctivitis
158
Histophilis somnei
- obligate symbiotic
- colonizes mucosal surfaces of ruminants
- Bovine
- CNS- Thrombo-embolic meningoencephalitis: Sleeper's disease
- brain and heart lesions- pathognomic
159
Avibacterium paragallinurium
- NAD dependent
- obligate symbiotic, obligate pathogenic
- chickens- transmitted--> water, air, stress= trigger
- infectious coryza- upper respiratory disease
- subacute= head and neck edema
160
Ornitobacterium rhinotracheale
- avian
- nose, trachea, wing
- pericarditis
161
Pasturella multocida
- highly virulent strains (obligate pathogenic)- cause septecemia (bovine, bird, rabbit)
- low virulent strains (facultative pathogenic) cause rhinitis in pig, bobine, rabbits
- along with mannheimia hemolytica=shipping fever
162
Pasturella multocida- rabbits
-snuggles, rhinitis, head tilt, bronchopneumonia
163
Pasturella multocida- cows
-hemorrhagic septicemia, high mortality
164
Pasturella multocida- pigs
-atropic rhinitis, lung pasturellosis
165
Pasturella multocida- poultry
- fowl cholera
- ducks most susceptible, guinea fowl least susceptible
- upper respiratory infection
- if bitten by cat with this= death
166
Pasturella multocida- cats and dogs
- in mouth
- spread to humans through biting wounds
- cat bites bird, gets pasteurella septicemia, dies
167
Bibersteinia trehalosis
- septicemia in young sheep (5-12 months)
| - acute mortality- stress, changes in feed
168
Actinobacillus
- younger pigs (,6 months)
| - obligate symbiotic, not as resistant in environment, host specific
169
Actinobacillus Lignieresii
- bovine
- rare
- wooden tongue/timer tongue
- multiple granulomas- suppurative infection
- surgical material of vet contaminated
170
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
- pig- porcine pleuropneumonia
- biotype 1= NAD dependent
- biotype 2- NAD dependent
- hyperacute/acute= immediate death (respiratory distress), hemorrhagic and necrotizing pleuropneumonia
- pathogenesis: inhalation--> terminal bronchi/alveoli
- aerosol/direct con
- stress is predisposing factor
- Apx toxin IV- must be present in vaccine
- leukotoxins important to virulence
171
Actinobacilus suis
- pig
- acute= mortality
- less acute- older piglets (respiratory distress, polyarthritis)
- adult= subcutaneous abscesses
172
Actinobacillus equuli
- horse (and pig)
- bronchitis, pleuritis, pneumonia
- **sleepy foal disease--> not enough colostrum
- abortions in adults
- suppurative glomerulonephritis
173
Vibrio cholera
- gram negative
- humans
- developing countries
- oro-fecal route
- isolated from animals
174
Vibrio parahemolyticus
- gram negative
| - food infections from fish
175
Bartonella
- gram negative
- aerobic
- long culture
176
Bartonella henselae-cats (and dogs)
- swollen lymph nodes
- lethargic, anorexia, mild neurologic symptoms, endocarditis, bacteremia
- young animals
- transmitted by fleas
177
Bartonella henselae- humans
- cat scratch disease- bacteremia (relapsing)
- younger people, reduced immunity, self limiting
- enters by wounds (Scratch), fleas, eyes
178
Streptobacillus monolliformis
- humans- rat bite fever
| - guinea pigs- cervical lymphadenitis
179
Spirrillum
- from rats
- cats/pigs- eat rats
- humans- bite/scratch from infected rat, rat bite fever + Streptobacillus monoliformis- fever, arthritis, tissue localization, fever, headache, vomiting, rashes
180
Nicoletta
- rare gram negative
| - respiratory distress in horses
181
Uruburuella
- rare gram negative
| - respiratory distress in pigs
182
Stenothrophomonas
- rare gram negative
- hospital infections in humans
- acquired resistance
183
Neisseria
- rare gram negative
- humans- gonorrhea
- cat and dog- pneumonia
- human (other strain)- bite wounds
184
Acinetobacter
- rare gram negative
- nosocomial infections, humans
- high acquired resistance
185
Aeromonas
- water and environment
- pathogenic to fish
- human infections
186
Chlamydia
- obligate intracellular
- gram negative
- epithelial cell parasite, phagocytic cell
- energy parasite
- susceptible to tetracycline
- elementary bodies shed by carriers in feces or diseased birds, inhaled int lung
- systemic-->multi-organ failure
- dimorphic life cycle: 1. intracellular replicating form (reticulate body), 2. extracellular non-replicating form (elementary body), infection can survive outside of hosts
- clinical signs= broncholitis, bronchopneumonia, fibrinous polyseritis, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, death
187
Chlamydia psittaci
- reportable
- zoonotic
- Avian Clamydiosis
- isolate and quarantine imported birds, no vaccine
188
Chlamydia pecorum
- ruminants
- stiff lamb disease, polyarthritis, polyserositis
- high mortality in calves
- sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis- febrile, young calves, locomotor/postural/behavioral disturbances
189
Chlamydia felis
- conjunctivitis in cats
- pneumonitis, rhinits
- endemic in house cats
190
Chlamydia abortus
-abortion in ruminants- enzootic abortion of ewes
191
Chlamydia trachomatis
-human, STD
192
Chlamydia pneumonia
-humans and koalas-conjunctivitis, pneumonitis, abortion, arthritis
193
Coxiella burnetti
Q-fever
- obligate intracellular, broad host range
- cattle, sheep goats
- endospore in environment
- released during parturition in urine, feces, spread by inhalation
- Q fever= zoonotic- serious febrile influenza- like illness, pneumonia, hepatitis, endocarditis
194
Rickettsia
- obligate intracellular bacteria
- gram negative coccobacilli
- susceptible to tetracycline
- rodents and small animals are reservoir
- cause disease in humans and dogs
- effects blood/endothelial cells
195
Rickettsia rickettsia
- Rocky mountain spotted fever
- humans and dogs
- invades and replicates in endothelial cells of blood vessels
- intravascular coagulation, necrotizing vasculitis
- C.S.- fever, depression, anorexia, sub q edema, petechiation of mucosa, myalgia, stiff gait
196
Rickettsia felis
- cat flea
- inapparent in cats
- flea borne spotted fever in humans
197
Rickettsia- Typhus group
- Rickettsia prowazekii- Louse borne- domestic animals, humans, flying squirrels, endemic typhis
- Rickettsia typhi- murine typhus- opposum/ flea cycle
- Orientia tsutsugamushi- scrub typhus
198
Pisrickettsia salmonis-
-farmed fish, difficult to treat
199
Anaplasmataceae
- parasites of hematopoietic cells of vertebrate hosts
- transmitted by trematode (neorickettsia) or vector (tick)
- zoonotic- anaplasma, Erlichia, neorickettsia
200
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
- neutrophils
- transmitted- Ixodes
- necrotizing small vessel vasculitis
- fever, depression, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, muscle pain, rarely shock- can be fatal
- can cause DIC in horses
- necrotizing small vessel vasculitis in dogs
201
Anaplasma platys
- platelets
| - infectious cycle thrombocytopenia
202
Anaplasma marginale
- erythrocytes
- anaplasmosis in ruminants
- fever, anemia, icterus
- calves more resistant
- A. marginale+ babesia bovis+ b. bigemina= tick fever in cattle
203
Ehrlichia
-tick borne-infection, hematopoeitic/endothelial cells
204
Ehrlichia canis
- tropical pancytopenia of dogs
- from brown dog tick
- infects mononuclear and endothelial cell
- acute infection= 4 weeks, can either recover and be immune or have a persistent subclinical infection
205
Ehrlichia ewingii
- canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis
| - ixodes from small rodens
206
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
-human monocytic ehrlichiosis
207
Ehrlichia ruminantium
- heart water disease- Africa and Caribbeans
- reportable
- replocates in macrophages and endothelial cells
- amblyomma= vector
- in cattle, sheep, goats, antelopes
- respiratory and neurological slymptoms
208
Neorickettsia
- small, intracellular bacteria
- in monocytes/macrophages
- transmission by fluke vectors
209
Neorickettsia risticii
- Potomoc horse fever
- 1st IH= snails
- 2nd IH= aquatic insects
- horses drink water infected by flies
- fever, anorexia, leukopenia, diarrhea, laminitis
210
Neorickettsia helminthoeca
- salmon poisoning
- dogs in pacific northwest
- high fatality if untreated
- salmon eats fluke, dog eats salmon, infects mononuclear cells
- fever, depression, dehydration, anorexia, vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea, lymphadenopathy
211
Brachyspira hyodysentariae
- swine dysentery
- in colons
- survive in feces (anaerobic)
- contagious mucohemorrhagic, fibronecrotic colitis
- feco-oral transmission
- invades intestinal crypts, epithelial erosion
- lesions in large intestine (cecum, colon)
- fibronecrotic psuedomembrane colitis
212
Borellia
- gram negative spirochete
| - transmitted by ticks
213
Borellia burdorferi
- Ixodes tick
- Lyme disease
- OSP C--> mammals, early infection
- OSP A--> salivary gland of ticks
- OSP C--> A--> midgut of ticks
- tick becomes infected when animal has high bacteremia
- causes bull's eye rash on people
- dogs- subclinical infection: fever, acute arthralgia, lameness, anorexia, lethargy, depression
214
Clostridium
- gram positive, spore forming anaerobic rods
| - widespread in environment, bowel, rapid multiplication
215
Clostridium tetanus- neurotoxic
-tetanus
-spastic paralysis
-potent neurotoxin
-horse and humans are more susceptible than other species
-widespread in soil, feces, grows in contaminated wounds, produces toxins that acts on motor nerves and inhibits release of NT glycine and GABA
-ascending tetanus: less susceptible animals (cats and dogs) regional motor nerve in limb to other parts
-descending tetanus: blood stream to motor nerve, to head and neck to limbs-
more susceptible species- humans and horses
-antitoxin- unbound toxin, neutralization)
216
Clostridum botulinum- neurotoxic
- in food contaminated by botulinum neurotoxin
- absorbed by GI, distributed in blood stream, inhibits NT release (ach)
- flaccid paralysis
- human symptoms= cranial nerve functions
- treatment- unbound toxin
- shaker foal
217
Clostridum perfingens
- enteropathogenic toxin, neuropathogenic toxin, histotoxic
- Type C: necrotizing enteritis- piglets, enterotoxemia
- Type D: enterotoxemia in sheep and goat, pulpy kidney disease (rapid postmortem autolysis of kidney), overeating disease- fluid distended intestine with petechial hemorrhage on serosal surface, encephalomyelitis
- routine vaccine with toxoid/bacterin, avoid sudden change in diet
218
Clostridium dificile enterocolitis
- colon and cecum- humans, pigs, horse, cats, rodents, etc
- risk factors: use of broad spectrum antibiotics, old age hospitalization
- disruption of normal flora (dysbiosis)
- can cause fatal colitis
- toxin A= enterotoxin, toxin B= cytotoxin
219
Clostridium spiroforme
- rabbits
- iota toxin
- enterotoxemia, diarrhea
- from lincomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin
220
Clostridium piloforme
- Tyzzer's disease
- lab animals, horses
- fatal diarrhea
- focal necrosis of liver
221
Fusobacterium necrophorum
- gram negative, non-spor forming anaerobe
- mixed bacterial infection
- synergistic with trueperella pyogenes and dichelobacter nodusus
- footrot in cattle and sheep (sheep is more dichelobacter nodusus )
222
Clostridium chauvoei
- black leg
- endospores can either be ingested or get in through wounds
- causes gas accumulation in the muscle
- highly fatal, necoritizing myositis in cattle and sheep
- pridisposed by wound infection, docking, castration
223
Clostridum novyi
- type A- exogenous, gas gangrene (Big head in rams)
- type B- endogenous- black disease (fluke damage)
- type D: C. hemolyticum- liver damage, bacillary hemoglobinuria in cattle and sheep
224
Clostridium septicum
- malignant edema(through wounds)
- Braxy in sheep-abomasal edema
- necrotic dermatitis in chickens
- exogenous infection through wounds or endogenous infection through dormant spores in muscle tissue
- risk factors: IM injection in horses, shearing, docking, lambing, traumatic parturition and castration in cattle
- local exotoxins cause excessive inflammation and severe edema, gas gangrene
225
Spirochetes
- gram negative, slender, helically coiled, spiral
- move with corkscrew/flexing motion
- leptospira, treponema, borellia, brachyspira
226
Leptospira
- in reservoir animals (rats)- excreted through urine, contaminates water
- humans- flu-like symptoms
- livestock: disease of production and repro
- maintenance hosts: kidney and repro tract
- incidental hosts: recovery/severe disease, long term shedding
- causes intravascular hemolysis, petechial hemorrhage, DIC, jaundice, nephritis, placentitis
- diagnose through PCR, blood, urine/MAT on serum
227
Leptospirosis- dogs
- mild to no signs, to severe illness/ death
- PU/PD/ dehydration, vomiting, inappetence, lethargy, abdominal pain
- minimize exposure to contaminated water
- causes paradoxical reaction
228
Leptospirosis- cattle and ruminants
- serovar Pomona= severe disease (high fever, hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria, jaundice)
- L. borgpetersenni serovar hardjo-reproductive failure
229
Leptospira- horses
-Pomona and grippotyphosa- abortions and systemic illness in foals
230
Leptospira-pigs
-Pomona, Bratislava= repro failure
231
Leptospira humans
- severe disease
| - from flu-like to severe hepatic and renal failure (Weil's disease), pulmonary hemorrhage
232
Treponema- humans
- T. pallidum
| - syphillus
233
Treponema- cows
- hairy heel warts
- lameness
- economic loss
234
Treponema pardiuis- cuniculi
- rabbits
- syphilus/vent disease
- self limiting
- direct/venereal contact
235
Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Lawsonia
- gram negative cell wall
| - opportunistic extracellular pathogens (except Lawsonia- obligate intracellular
236
Campylobacter
- seagull shaped, microaerophilic (hot environmental)
| - GI, lower genital tract
237
Campylobacter jejuni
- major food safety pathogen
- invades epithelial cells, colonizes mucous
- cytolethal distending toxin= cell cycle arrest
- young animals= enteritis, ileitis/colitis, diarrhea
- abortion with donut shaped lesions on fetal liver
- humans-raw chicken and milk- Guillan- Barre- demylination of nerves and death
238
Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerialis
- bovine venereal capylobacterosis
- bulls= subclinical infection in preputial crypts, transmitted through breeding (and semen with AI), breed only young negative bulls
- cows-endometritis and sapligitis- infertility-Dx: IgA in cervical/vaginal mucous
239
Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus
- ovine genital campylobacterosis
- sheep=ingestion
- abortion with donut shaped lesions on fetal liver
240
Helicobacter
- small, spirally curved gram negative rods, motile, pathogenic commensals in gastric mucosa and intestine
- microaerophilic
241
Helicobacter pylori
-stomach ulcers and neoplasms
242
Helicobacter canis, helicobacter felis, helicobacter hellmanii
-naturally colonize dog and cat stomachs, gastric ulcers
243
Helicobacter hepaticus, Helicobacter bilius
-liver problems in mouse
244
Helicobacter mustelae
-ferrets
245
Lawsonia intracellularis
- enterocyte cell lines
- broad host range
- Porcine proliferative enteropathy- serosal cerebriform/gyrate pattern of projections and depressions, distal ileum, bloody cast
- horse= poor doing foals
246
Mycoplasma
- small, free living, extracellular
- no cell wall
- respiratory and repro tract, affinity to ciliated epithelium
- RBC parasites
- fried egg colony
247
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
-swine
-enzootic pneumonia
-from sow to piglets
-chronic respiratory disease, non-productive cough
vaccine available
248
other swine mycoplasma
- M. hyorhinis- polyserositis
- M. hyosynoviae- polyarthritis
- M. suis (hemotropic)- anemia
249
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides
- contagious bovine pleuropneumonia- reportable
- most virulent mycoplasma in cattle
- respiratory distress
- marbled lungs with fibrinoprulent exudate on surface
250
Mycoplasma bovis
- upper respiratory infection= bronchopneumonia
- mastitis
- arthritis
- vaccine available
251
Ureaplasma and Mycoplasmas
- bovine
- infertility
- granular vulvovaginitis
252
Mycoplasma capricolum subsp capripneumonia
- goats
- reportable
- fatal
- contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
253
Mycoplasma Agalactiae and Mycoplasma putrefaciens
- contagious agalactia in sheep and goats
| - reportible
254
Other goat Mycoplasmas
- M. Capricolium subsp, capricolum
- M. mycoides subsp. mycoides- arthritis adults, rapid fatal septecemia in kids
- M. mycoides ssp. capri- pleuropneumoniae
255
Avian Mycoplasma-
- important economically
| - vaccine available
256
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
- reportable
| - respiratory disease of chicken and turkey
257
Mycoplasma synoviae
- reportable
| - synovitis, lameness, swelling of joints, retarded growth
258
Mycoplasma melegradis, mycoplasma iowae
- turkeys, respiratory disease
- skeletal deformities
- decreased egg hatchability
259
Mycoplasma felis
- cats: mild respiratory infection, conjunctivitis
| - horses: milk lower airway disease, pleural effusion, predispose to secondary Strepococcus zooepidemicus
260
Mycoplasma gatae
- cats
| - arthritis, sub q abscesses
261
Mycoplasma canis
- dogs
| - urogenital tract disease
262
Mycoplasma edwardii
- dogs
| - meningoencephalitis
263
Mycoplasma ovipneumonia
- sheep
| - pneumonia, secondary to other bacteria
264
Mycoplasma pulmonis
- lab mice
| - low grade respiratory infection
265
Thermally dimorphic fungi
- single yeast/spherule at body temp
- mold at environmental temp
- Blastomyces
- Histoplasma
- Coccoides
- Sporothrix schenkii
266
Blastomyces dermatitidis
- most common systemic
- large, broad based budding yeast
- close to water- Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio River valley
- dogs and humans
- inhalation of spores
- disseminated, pulmonary involvement, pyogranulomatous /granulomatous host response
267
Histoplasma capsulatum
- small, oval yeast
- macrophage in infected tissue
- BSL-3
- dark, moist, soil covered in bird/bat poop
- inhalation- favored by dry, dusty conditions, disturbance of soil
- respiratory disease/disseminated disease, gastro intestinal common in dogs, subclinical/mild disease, granulomatous inflammation
- cats= granulomatous chonoretinitis
268
Coccoides immitis
- doesn't produce yeast, thick large walled spherules with endospores
- BSL-3
- southwest
- inhalation - dry conditions, soil disturbance
- man, dog, horse
- subclinical/mild chronic/acute respiratory infection and disseminated disease (similar to TB)
- osteomyelitis, granulomatous host response
269
Sprothrix schenkii
- cigar shaped, elongated, pleomorphic yeast
- moss, hay, plant material, soil, thorny plants
- enter by puncture wound (Rose-Gardener's syndrome)
- sub q skin nodules, regional lymph node involvement, granulomatous/pyogranulomatous host response
270
Yeast
- Malassezia pachydermatitis
- Candida albicans
- Cryptococcus
271
Candida albicans
- normal flora in mouth, intestine, urogenital tract in animals and humans
- gram positive
- thrush- whitish- yellowish hyperkeratotic lesions
- plaques on tongue, mouth, proventriculus, stomach
- predisposing factors: immunosuppression
- mastitis, vaginitis (women), diaper rash
272
Malassezia pachydermatitis
- bottle-shaped
- lipophilic yeast
- common in dogs skin/ears
- OTITIS EXTERNA dogs
273
Cryptococcus
- large, round to oval budding yeast
| - mucopolysaccharide capsule
274
Cryptococcus neoformans
- cats, dogs, psittacine birds, koala
- pigeon poop
- immunocompromised
- chronic granulomatous infection
- nasal cavity, CNS, ocular, GI
- cutaneous lesions in cats
275
Cryptococcus gatti
- eucalyptus trees
| - rarely zoonotic
276
Dermatophytes
- superficial mycosis- ring worm
- keratinized epithelium (skin and nails)
- zoonotic and contagious
- predisposed: young, poor nutrition, high humidity, winter
- Griseofulvin
277
Dermatophytes- humans, dogs, cats
Microsporum canis, M. audouinni, M gypsium, Epidermophyton floccosum (human's only)
- Dx of microsporum canis- Wood's lamps
- it's probably from your gross ass cat
278
Cattle dermatophytes
Trichophyton verrucosum
279
Pig dermatophytes
Microsporum nanum
280
Avian Dermatophytes
Microsporum gallinae- comb and wattles, feather follicles
281
Horse dermatophytes
Trichophyton equinum
282
Dermatophyte with broad host range
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
283
Kerion
-nodular lesions caused by dermatophytes, localized/generalized folliculitis, furunculosis
284
Mycoplasma hemofelis
- erythrocytes
| - feline infectious anemia
285
Dog- hemotrophic mycoplasma
-Mycoplasma hemocanis
286
Mycoplasma hemosuis
- swine
- erythrocytes
- fever, icterus, weakness, anemia
- outbreaks with stress
287
Saprophytic filamentous fungi
- zygomycosis, hyalohyphomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis
- in immunosuppressed
- mycotoxins: alfatoxins, ergot alkaloids, flumonisin, ochratoxin, zearalenone
288
Aspergillus
- entry through ingestion/inhalation
- colonizes air spaces
- causes abscesses in brain, liver, and kidney
- invades blood vessels
- allergic response
- predisposition: stress, concurrent disease, poor diet, prolonged abx treatment, immunosupressive therapy, poor husbandry
289
Avian aspergillus
- brooder pneumonia
| - granulomatous- caseous lesions
290
Canine and equine Aspergillus
- nasal sinusitis, guttural pouch infection
- keratitis
- disseminated aspergillosis (German Shepherd)
291
Ruminant Aspergillosis
mycotic rumenitis following mycotic acidosis
292
Protheca
-algae
293
Protheca zopfii
- disseminated disease in dogs
- mastitis cattle
- cutaneous disease in cats and man
294
Protheca wickerhamii
-cutaneous disease in cats and man
295
Oomycetes
-water molds
-gulf coast
humans- arteritis, keratitis, periorbital sinusitis, cutaneous/subcutaneous lesions
296
Pythium insidiosum
- oomycetes
- Swamp cancer in horses
- cutaneous and sub cutaneous lesions-horses, cats, calves, people
- GI and cutaneous lesions in dogs/cats
297
White nose syndrome
- Psuedogymnoascus destructans
| - bats
298
Chytridiomycosis
- amphibians
| - decrease population
299
Rhinosporidium
-nasal polyps, cutaneous cysts in mammals and birds
300
Pneumocytosis
-pneumonia and immunodeficient animals
301
Encephalitozoon cunicli; Microsporidium parasite
-rabbit and kidney brain
