Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 11 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe the key characteristics of Sponges.

A
  • Built around system of tubes and pores that create channels for water currents
  • -Regeneration after injury
  • Mostly sessile
  • Reproduce both Sexually and Asexually
  • Suspension feeders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a Phylogenetic tree?

A
  • Branching diagram showing evolutionary relationships among various biological species
  • Relationships based on similarities and differences in physical or genetic characteristics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How can Cnidaria reproduce asexually?

A

1) Budding: Grow off original organism
2) Fission: Existing adult splits into 2 individuals
3) Fragmentation: Parts of adult regenerate to form a complete new individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do Cnidaria sexually reproduce?

A
  • Gametes released from mouth of polyp or medusa = Fertilization in open water; Eggs hatch into larvae that become part of plankton before settling and developing into a polyp.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does asexual reproduction work in sponges?

A
  • Totipotent = (Part of body breaks off)

- Produce buds or gemmules which are a packet with several cells inside a protective cover.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are Bilateria?

A

Bilaterally symmetrical at some point in their life cycle, have 3 germ layers and a coelom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What human activity threaten sponges?

A

Commercial Fishing Trawlers- They get smothered by sediment from activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is biodiversity important in an ecosystem?

A

Creates Competition between species

-Keeps an ecosystem balanced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When do cells become specialized?

A

During Embryonic Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is one way animal phyla are distinguished from one another?

A

By the number of germ layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are Germ layers?

A

layers of cells in a developing Embryo that give rise to specialized tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 5 Kingdoms?

A
  • Animalia (Euk.)
  • Plantae (Euk.)
  • Fungi (Euk.)
  • Monera/ Archaea (Bacteria)(Euk.)
  • Protista (prokariotic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name of a 12-Million year old species in Danger?

-(Why is it in danger?)

A

Cycad -It became prey of poaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are Bogs created?

A

Bogs were once covered by glaciers and after the ice melted, the landscape was bare. (Ideal Niche) Pioneer plants colonized surface. Trees then took root after soil developed. With time, minerals, decaying matter and clay particles formed a cemented layer- “Clay Pan”. The Clay pan stopped drainage and rainwater started to collect. Sphagnum moss invaded area and the original forest surrendered to moss and rising water table. Acidity went up and eventually rainwater was the only source of nutrients in area. (Nutrient Deficient)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Example of an Indicator Species in Bogs?

A

Pollen Grains show the history of the bog since they never decay in sphagnum moss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Mycelum?

A

Fine White threads (roots) attached to mycorrhizal fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 2 kinds of forest fires?

A

Surface fires and Crown Fires

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the “Fruiting Body” of a fungus?

A

The Mushroom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an “ideal niche”?

A

It’s a blank canvas- No competition in the place where you are living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Definition of Motile?

A

Moves very easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most common tree along the edge of the ocean?

A

Sitka Spruce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What kind of tree resists decay with it’s natural oil that also acts as a fungicide?

A

Western Red Cedar (Thuja Plicata)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why are fungi the “unsung heroes of the ecosystem”?

A
  • They keep populations in control (Parasitic)
  • They supply nutrients to the ecosystem (in some cases)
  • They assist trees and plants in getting nutrients (Mycorrhizal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How and why do some broad leaf trees act deciduously?

A

Act deciduously in order to conserve more water during the winter season. The winter season= not enough water or light for photosynthesis.
-To do this they seal the spots where the leaves are attached (like a cork) so that no extra nutrients reach the leaves.- the chlorophyll begins to disappear from leaves and other colours begin to emerge from leaves (Red, yellow, orange…) The leaves then eventually fall off the tree. (Senescence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is an Example of a parasitic Fungi?

A

Red Belt Bracket Fungi

  • Hard woody shelves on logs and tree trunks
  • they live off the heart wood of a tree
  • Digest cellulose (made of glucose) in order to get sugars. They live off it until exhausting the food supply
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What role doe the cap play on a mushroom?

A

It keeps the spores dry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is sphagnum moss? Why is it special?

A

Sphagnum moss is a genus that has 380 species of mosses that can hold up to 20 times it’s dry weight of water. It has many different layers But only the top layer of moss is alive- it grows on top of the dead layers

  • It releases an organic acid (Tanic Acid) that bacteria doesn’t like = no bacteria = No rotting.
  • Can preserve a dead body for thousands of years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is Cordycep fungus? How does it benefit an ecosystem? How does it reproduce?

A

-It’s a fungus that kills insects then grows out of the dead body of it’s prey
-It’s a mediator of ecosystems (makes sure no species gets ahead of another)
- It reproduces Sexually and Asexually
Each species specializes in a different kind of insect, creating an ideal niche for the genus, meaning no competition in between each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is a Climax Species?

A

A Climax species thrives in the shade of it’s neighbours.

ex: Western hemlock and sword fern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is Meiosis and Mitosis?

A
  • Meiosis happens through sexual reproduction (n+n= 2n)

- Mitosis happens through asexual reproduction (n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What tree is drought resistant and needs heat to release it’s seeds from it’s cones?

A

Shore pine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is Canada’s only native broad-leaf evergreen tree?

A

Arbutus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a super important nutrient for fungi?

A

Chitin (From glucose)

-Building Block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does Lignin do?

A

It supports the tissues of vascular plants

-(Cement between bricks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the names for the different layers in a forest?

A
  • Canopy: Crowns
  • Under-story: Mid-range (height)
  • Herb Layer: Right on the Surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the name of the cone that needs fire (heat) in order for them to open and release it’s seeds?

A

Serrotonous Cones

37
Q

What is the Biogeoclamatic Zones?

A

Classification system for B.C.’s 14 different ecosystems

38
Q

What is an edaphic zone?

A

Water shedding zone (hard to live there)

39
Q

What is a Climax Community?

A

When the vegetation is constantly replacing itself from within until a disturbance happens.

40
Q

What are the 3 different roles of fungi in an ecosystem?

A

1) Demolition Crew- PARASITIC
(Decomposes): takes food from still living plants + animals
2) Recycling Crew- SAPROPHYTIC:
Decays rotten wood, but rotten wood is low in nitrogen so they become carnivorous and eat worms in the wood
3) Building Crew- MYCORRHIZAL
(Mutualistic relationship): keeps plants and trees alive. Forms long thin roots that spread in the soil, bringing back nutrients and water to the trees that they are attached to. In return the fungi take 10-20% of glucose formed by the canopy

41
Q

Sugar Making energy molecule?

A

ATP
(Adenosine Triphosphate)
-Energy currency of life

42
Q

What cellular organelle is responsible for respiration?

A

Mitochondrion

43
Q

What tree is rot resistant?

A

Western red cedar

44
Q

What 2 books had an important influence on Darwin’s thought?

A
  • Alexander Humbolt’s Personal Narrative (popular scientific travelogue)
  • John Herchel’s introduction to the study of natural philosophy
45
Q

What book did Darwin carry around with him?

A

Principles of Geology by Lyell

46
Q

Summarize noisy Cuban tree Frogs podcast

A

Invasive Cuban tree frog landed in Florida- VERY loud and their call is very similar to the native green tree frogs.Green tree frogs upped the volume of their call in competition to the Cuban frogs. Whereas the native Pinewood tree frog does not feel distressed by the Cuban frogs since their call is very different from them.
Theme: Acoustic Competition

47
Q

What is the lunar society of Birmingham?

A

Informal club where scientists + Manufactures met once every month on a new moon to discuss technology and other subjects

48
Q

What kind of fungus is harming strawberry plants?

A

Botrytis

49
Q

What is the Pilian Society and what did Darwin realize while being apart of the club?

A
  • Academic club where scientific papers of natural history were read
  • Darwin realized the dangers of expressing Blasphemous opinions in science.
50
Q

Who was Compte G.L.L. de Buffon and the name of his theory?

A
  • French naturalist who recognized the lethal competition for existence- admitted age of earth was greatly under estimated
  • Theory called: “Degradation” but had no influence
51
Q

Who created the theory of Uniformitarianisim?

A

James Hutton

later developed by Charles Lyell

52
Q

Who was Darwin’s Grandfather? How could he influence Darwin?

A
  • Eramus Darwin

- Most distinguished English person of evolutionary thought

53
Q

Who is J.B.A.P. de Monet Lamark? what was the name of his theory?

A

Created FALSE but influential Escalator Theory

54
Q

Who is Wallace?

A
  • Family lost it’s money
  • Educated himself through public libraries
  • -Figured out Theory of natural selection
  • Found explanation as to how species evolved
55
Q

Who is Henslow?

A
  • prof. that gave Darwin the opportunity for the voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle
56
Q

Who is Malthus?

A
  • Economist
  • Wrote an essay on keeping human population in check
  • Influenced both Wallace and Darwin (Survival of the fittest) -Natural selection
57
Q

What is Edinbrugh?

A
  • One of the most intellectual cities in Europe
  • Has one of the best schools in the world
  • Darwin’s dad put him there to study medicine
58
Q

Who became society’s image of Scientific perfection?

A

-Astronomer Herchel

59
Q

Who is Captain Fitzroy?

A
  • Captain of the H.M.S. Beagle
  • Idiot
  • Evangelical Christian (crazy)
  • opposed everything Darwin stood for
60
Q

What would be an example of proof of common ancestors?

A
  • Vestigial Structure = Functionless Organs
  • Homologous Structures = Similar bones or organs
  • Embryo Evidence (humans in embryo stage have gill slits)
61
Q

Evidence for Evolution?

A

Similarity of Inhabitants between Cape Verde and Africa

-Divergent Evolution

62
Q

What is a photic zone?

A

Ocean surface that is in the zone of light

63
Q

What is stratified water?

A

Vertical distribution of water

64
Q

What is leaching?

A

Washing away of nutrients

65
Q

Definition of Mutaphobic

A

Despises change, supports standing order of things

66
Q

Definition of Mutaphilliac

A

Celebrates change and progress

67
Q

What caused evolution to happen throughout generations?

A

Selective Breeding (Natural selection)

68
Q

Name the 3 distinct extinctions:

A
  1. K-Pg extinction- Meteor that smashed into earth (dinosaurs)
  2. P-Tr extinction- killed 92% of species on earth. Volcanoes erupted in Siberia
  3. The Great Oxygenation event- Everything that lived was single celled. Killed By oxygen. Algae learned how to photosynthesize.
69
Q

What is a Eukaryote?

A

Multi-celled organism whose cells have a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes

70
Q

What are Prokaryotes?

A

Single celled organism that does not have a nucleus, or any other membrane bound organelles.

71
Q

What has to happen before cell division can occur?

A

DNA has to replicate

72
Q

Shape of spirrilla?

A

Spiral shaped

73
Q

Shape of bacilli?

A

Rod Shaped

74
Q

Shape of Cocci?

A

Spherical

75
Q

Building block of Bacteria?

A

Peptidoglycan

76
Q

How are Antibiotics being abused?

A
  • Over-prescribed
  • Taken Improperly
  • Constant Exposure
77
Q

What is the ancestor of all biotic things on earth?

A

Bacteria

78
Q

Where was Canada’s worst E.coli contamination? How did it happen?

A
  • Walkerton, Ontario

- Torrential rains washed bacteria from cow manure into town well, infecting the water

79
Q

What forms layers in the water?

A

Density- Warmth (Temp.)

Salinity (Salt or fresh water)

80
Q

What is Limnology?

A

The study of fresh water

81
Q

How has Climate change effected Canada’s drinking water reservoirs?

A
  • Extreme weather events increase flow of pollutants into surface waters
  • Extended dry periods cause pollutants to build up on land then an intense rainstorm can wash all into watersheds
  • River lows declining causes the water to not move in the lakes which concentrates pollutants in lakes.
82
Q

Name of toxic algae polluting our drinking water reservoirs? Why is it spreading?

A
  • Blue-Green algae

- Increased temperatures and increased amount of nutrients

83
Q

What are Stromatolites?

A
  • formed by the growth of layer upon layer of cyanobacteria, a single-celled photosynthesizing microbe
84
Q

What is Epithelial Tissue?

A

Sheet-like layers of tightly packed cells that lines an organ or a body surface

85
Q

What are plankton?

A

Diverse Collection of organisms that live in the water and are unavailable to swim against a current

86
Q

Definition of suspension feeders

A

Obtains food by filtering small particles of small organisms out of water or air

87
Q

Name of sponge’s nutrient cells?

A

choanglates

88
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

-Choosing who gets to reproduce and who doesn’t. -Evolution by natural selection

Biology 11 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions