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VTEC.2600 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Triage

A

Sorting patients according to severity of their injury or illness

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2
Q

What is the primary Survey

A

Assess level of consciousness, Airway Assessment, Breathing Assessment, Circulation Assessment, Rapid assessment, Vital signs

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3
Q

How do you assess level of consciousness?

A

Alert
Responsive to painful stimuli
Unresponsive (if so, extend head and neck to help provide clear airway)

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4
Q

How to perform airway assessment?

A

Look, listen, feel

Respiratory distress requiring immediate treatment

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5
Q

How to perform Breathing Assessment

A

Watch chest wall motion

Listen to tracheal and lung sounds bilaterally

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6
Q

How to perform circulation Assessment

A

Mucous membrane (MM) color
Capillary refill time (CRT)
Auscultating heart
Palpating femoral pulses

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7
Q

Locations of Rapid Assessment

A

Abdomen, flanks
Pelvis, spine, limbs
Trunk

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8
Q

Vital Signs

A 
Heart rate, pulse rate and strength
Respiratory rate
Temperature (check last)
Patients with very slow heart rates may have vagally induced arrest with stimulation of the rectum
Blood pressure
Elevated with pain
Low with shock
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9
Q

Immediate treatment in emergency

A 
Airway
Breathing
Circulatory Resuscitation
Analgesics
Control hemorrhage
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10
Q

How to control hemorrhaging

A

Pressure bandage
Blood pressure cuff inflated to control hemorrage of distal limbs
Abdominal wrap – take care not to limit movement of diaphragm (2 finger rule)

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11
Q

Capsule History (what to ask)

A 
Allergies?
Medications?
Past History?
Lasts? 
Meal, defecation, urination, medication
Events
What is the problem now?  Give details.
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12
Q

Secondary Survey for head and face

A 
Consciousness (LOC = level of consciousness)
Pupil size and symmetry
Traumatic brain injury
Fractures
Hemorrhage
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13
Q

Survey of cervical soft tissue injury

A

Airway avulsion
Airway obstruction from hemorrhage or swelling
Laceration of major vessels
Muscle, SQ, skin injury

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14
Q

Survey of Thoracic Injury

A 
Musculoskeletal
Fractured ribs
Lacerated muscles
Thoracic wall herniation
Diaphragmatic herniation
Bruising
Intrathoracic injury (consider thorocentesis)
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15
Q

Survey of Abdominal injury

A 
Solid organ hemorrhage
Liver, spleen
Vascular injury to major vessels
Lacerations to the bowel
Peritonitis
Ruptured urinary bladder; injured urinary system organs
Ruptured gall bladder
Torsion of gut or other organs (testicle, etc.)
Uterine trauma in pregnant animal
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16
Q

Survey of musculoskeletal injury

A

<b>Relieve of weight bearing and immobilize trauma areas until evaluated</b>
Non-weight bearing lameness
May lead to laceration of underlying soft tissue
Spinal trauma/fracture
Immobilize/tape to board until can radiograph

17
Q

Additional Diagnostic tests

A 
Radiographs
Ultrasound
Abdominocentesis
Thorocentesis
ECG
Blood chemistries and counts
Pulse oximetry
Etc.
18
Q

Communication Requirements for a veterinary technician

A

Veterinary technician may serve as the patient’s advocate and the owner’s advocate
Important role in relaying basic information from owner to doctor and vice versa
Gain permission for procedures and treatment
Support owner psychologically and emotionally

19
Q

ABC’s of resuscitation

A 
A = Airway
B = Breathing
C = Cardiac Massage
D = Drugs
E = Electrical Manipulation
F = Fluids
20
Q

A = Airways

A

Respiratory arrest
Brain cells die without oxygen over 4-5 minutes
Myocardium becomes hypoxic, leading to cardiac arrest
Establish airway
Endotracheal tube, ideally
Mouth to nostrils if tube not available

21
Q

B = Breathing

A

Methods
Anesthesia machine delivers 100% oxygen
Ambu-bag delivers room air (20% oxygen)
Blow into tube or nostrils if no equipment available
One breath every 5 seconds (12/minute)
Pupils – indicator of state of oxygenation
Widely dilated, non-responsive = extremely poor prognosis – brain damage (but consider drugs administered which might dilate pupils)

22
Q

C = Cardiac Massage

A

Cardiac arrest
Absence of heartbeats or ineffective heartbeats (as with ventricular fibrillation)
Assessment – femoral or lingual pulse
If no pulse, initiate cardiac massage

23
Q

Cardiac Massage (How to perform)

A

Lateral recumbency
Goal is to compress thoracic cavity by 1/3
May force blood from heart
May alter thoracic pressures as to “draw” blood to the heart from the great veins
Stand along patient’s back or sternum
Height that allows forceful arm motion with flat of palm for large dogs; squeezing motion for small cats and dogs
60 or more strokes per minute – no cessation while giving breath – person massaging counts aloud
Assess effectiveness by palpating pulse
May attempt internal massage if external ineffective

24
Q

D = Drugs

A

Epinephrine if heart not beating
IV or intratracheally (2X IV dose) or intracardiac
May be repeated if heartbeat not initiated
Atropine for bradycardia
Isoproterenol, lidocaine, etc. for dysrhythmia
Doxapram is respiratory stimulant`

25
Q

E = Electrical Manipulation

A

Defibrillator – for ventricular fibrillation

Assess heart function by ECG if available

26
Q

F = Fluids

A

IV fluids essential to sustain blood pressure
Careful with smaller patients to not overdo fluids
Place IV catheter ASAP if not already catheterized

27
Q

Other Considerations with the ABC’s of resuscitation

A

Not every patient should be resuscitated
If arrest seems likely, discuss with owner the appropriate response beforehand
Owner may sign “Do Not Resuscitate” form or may request that full resuscitation efforts be made

28
Q

Levels of consciousness

A

Normal, Stupor, Coma

29
Q

Cervical Spinal Injury concerns

A

Do not move until stabilized

Injury at or above C4 can lead to loss of diaphragm function

30
Q

Methods of assissting breathing

A

nesthesia machine delivers 100% oxygen
Ambu-bag delivers room air (20% oxygen)
Blow into tube or nostrils if no equipment available

31
Q

How pupils indicate state of oxygen

A

Widely dilated, non-responsive = extremely poor prognosis – brain damage (but consider drugs administered which might dilate pupils

VTEC.2600 (3 decks)

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