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Psychological Statistics > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The two primary types of research are ___ & ___

A

Correlational , Experimental

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2
Q

A dependent variable is defined as a variable that the researcher …

A

Measures

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3
Q

One subset of scores or observations from a population is referred to as a …

A

Sample

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4
Q

What describes quantitative data?

A

Weight

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5
Q

A true independent variable is defined as the variable that the researcher ..

A

Manipulates

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6
Q

If I conduct a poll of a sample of 35 Columbia University students concerning their opinion regarding parking in New York, what is my sample?

A

The 35 students I polled

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7
Q

What would be an interval scale ?

A

Temperature

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8
Q

An example of nominal data would be ..

A

Types of music

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9
Q

What is measured on a ratio scale ?

A

Number of children in the family

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10
Q

What could be considered discrete data?

A

Number of children in the family

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11
Q

If simply describing skewed data (descriptive statistics) , it would be most informative to report …

A

Only the median

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12
Q

In a set of data, the mean and median are equal to 50. This distribution can be described as ….

A

Normal

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13
Q

The following measure of central tendency is the only one substantially affected by extreme scores (outliers)

A

Mean

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14
Q

Most psychologists have adopted the idea that a sample is unusual if it occurs …

A

Less than 5% of the time

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15
Q

If a researcher does not have a strong prediction concerning the outcome of a study, then it would be best to use ..

A

A two tail test

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16
Q

What proportion of scores is between the mean and a z-score of 1.15

A

.3729

17
Q

What proportion of scores fall below a z-score of -1.96?

A

.0250

18
Q

When the “rare” region (.05) is in the one tail of a sampling distribution in the positive direction, the critical value of z will be …

A

1.65

19
Q

A school administrator is interested in whether students test performance on a standardized test exceeds the national average. Assume that the national average on this test is 78, but the standard deviation is NOT known. The researcher randomly selects a sample of students from the school to compare to the national average. What would be the appropriate statistical test?

A

A single sample t-test

20
Q

What is the critical value or a one tailed t test in the positive direction with 17 as the degrees of freedom ?

A

1.740

21
Q

A type I error occurs when ..

A

We reject the null, but shouldn’t have

22
Q

A test in which there are two conditions and the same group of subjects participate in both conditions is known as what?

A

Related samples t test

23
Q

A one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) looks at the differences across how many levels of 1 independent variable?

A

3 or more

24
Q

Correlational analyses use what to evaluate a relationship in a linear way?

A

Pearsons PMCC, Pearsons r, Correlational Coefficient

25
Q

A perfect positive Pearson’s r is represented by what value ?

A

+1.00

26
Q

When is a Chi-Square analysis used?

A

To examine how frequently a category is represented

27
Q

What graph for nominal and ordinal data?

A

Bar

28
Q

What graph for discrete interval and ratio?

A

Histogram

29
Q

What graph for continuous interval and ratio?

A

Line

30
Q

When do you report range ?

A

When it is either ordinal, skewed interval & ratio

31
Q

When do you report variance?

A

When its not skewed interval or ratio

32
Q

When do you report mean?

A

When mean = median

33
Q

When do you report median?

A

When mean and median are different

34
Q

Its normal when ..

A

mean=median

35
Q

Its positive when ..

A

mean > median

36
Q

Its negative when ..

A

mean < median

Psychological Statistics (2 decks)

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