Final Exam Flashcards
The two primary types of research are ___ & ___
Correlational , Experimental
A dependent variable is defined as a variable that the researcher …
Measures
One subset of scores or observations from a population is referred to as a …
Sample
What describes quantitative data?
Weight
A true independent variable is defined as the variable that the researcher ..
Manipulates
If I conduct a poll of a sample of 35 Columbia University students concerning their opinion regarding parking in New York, what is my sample?
The 35 students I polled
What would be an interval scale ?
Temperature
An example of nominal data would be ..
Types of music
What is measured on a ratio scale ?
Number of children in the family
What could be considered discrete data?
Number of children in the family
If simply describing skewed data (descriptive statistics) , it would be most informative to report …
Only the median
In a set of data, the mean and median are equal to 50. This distribution can be described as ….
Normal
The following measure of central tendency is the only one substantially affected by extreme scores (outliers)
Mean
Most psychologists have adopted the idea that a sample is unusual if it occurs …
Less than 5% of the time
If a researcher does not have a strong prediction concerning the outcome of a study, then it would be best to use ..
A two tail test
What proportion of scores is between the mean and a z-score of 1.15
.3729
What proportion of scores fall below a z-score of -1.96?
.0250
When the “rare” region (.05) is in the one tail of a sampling distribution in the positive direction, the critical value of z will be …
1.65
A school administrator is interested in whether students test performance on a standardized test exceeds the national average. Assume that the national average on this test is 78, but the standard deviation is NOT known. The researcher randomly selects a sample of students from the school to compare to the national average. What would be the appropriate statistical test?
A single sample t-test
What is the critical value or a one tailed t test in the positive direction with 17 as the degrees of freedom ?
1.740
A type I error occurs when ..
We reject the null, but shouldn’t have
A test in which there are two conditions and the same group of subjects participate in both conditions is known as what?
Related samples t test
A one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) looks at the differences across how many levels of 1 independent variable?
3 or more
Correlational analyses use what to evaluate a relationship in a linear way?
Pearsons PMCC, Pearsons r, Correlational Coefficient
A perfect positive Pearson’s r is represented by what value ?
+1.00
When is a Chi-Square analysis used?
To examine how frequently a category is represented
What graph for nominal and ordinal data?
Bar
What graph for discrete interval and ratio?
Histogram
What graph for continuous interval and ratio?
Line
When do you report range ?
When it is either ordinal, skewed interval & ratio
When do you report variance?
When its not skewed interval or ratio
When do you report mean?
When mean = median
When do you report median?
When mean and median are different
Its normal when ..
mean=median
Its positive when ..
mean > median
Its negative when ..
mean < median
