Final Exam Flashcards
what are the 4 characteristics of acquired immunity
- specificity
- diversity
- memory
- self/nonself recoginition
what are the 2 types of acquired immunity
- humoral immunity
2. cellular immunity
humoral immunity is caused by the action of __
antibodies
fights off foreign invaders
humoral immunity is mediated by __
b cells
cellular immunity is responsible for detecting __
self vs. non-self cell
cellular immunity is mediated by __
T cells
what is an antigen
it binds to antibody or t cell receptor to initiate acquired immune response
what are examples of lymphocytes
B and t cells
what is a hapten
it is a low MW substance that binds to a high MW substance to initiate an acquired immune response. but upon subsequent exposure, you don’t need the high MW substance
__ non specifically enhances immune response to antigens
adjuvant
for an antigen to be recognized by the immune system __
it has to be displayed with an MHC
what reduces the chance of an organ rejection
if the donor and host have similar MHC molecules
MHC class I deals with
recognizing altered-self cells
MHC class I are recognized by
T cytotoxic cells
__ cells are found on every cell
MHC class I cells
MHC class II are recognized by
T helper cells
MCH class II are only found on __
antigen presenting cells
how do MHC class II cells work
antigen will bind to MHC class II cells presented on the foreign cell surface
how does acquired immunity achieve its high specificity
by the formation of antibodies and t cell receptors
how are b and t cells different
b cells don’t require antigen presentation by MHC cells in order to be activated
__ stimulate B cells to allow them to proliferate to form
T helper cells stimulate B cell proliferation
memory B cells and plasma cells (effector cells)
what do memory b cells and effector cells do
memory b cells –> express membrane bound antibodies
effector cells–> produce soluble antibodies
describe the structure of antibodies
made of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains
how can antibodies aid in the removal of pathogens
- agglutination - clump the particles together
- precipitation - complex of antibody and antigen become so large its no longer soluble
- neutralization - antibodies cover the active sites of foreign substance
- lysis - antibodies directly lyse the organism