Final Exam

Question 1

Chemical Categories or Hormones

Answer 1

• Amino Acid derived
• Peptide/Protein Derived
• Cholesterol-derived
• Fatty acid derived

Question 2

Amino Acid Derived

Answer 2

• Tyrosine derived - TH, Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine
• Tryptophan derived - melatonin

Question 3

Peptide / Protein Derived

Answer 3

peptide derived - TRH

protein derived - GH

Question 4

Prohormones

Answer 4

precursor hormones that can be differentially cleaved depending on their location and prohormone convertases in the environment

Question 5

pro-TRH

Answer 5

makes 6 TRH hormone molecules

Question 6

pro-glucagon

Answer 6

pancreas - glucagon

gut - GLP-1 and GLP-2

Question 7

pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)

Answer 7

ACTH

MSH

Question 8

pro-insulin

Answer 8

insulin + C peptide
IGF-1
IGF-2

Question 9

Cholesterol Derived

Answer 9

steroids, cortisol, androgen (things from the adrenal cortex)

Question 10

Fatty Acid Derived

Answer 10

prostaglandins

Question 11

Solubility Categorization of Hormones

Answer 11

• Lipid Soluble

- Water Soluble

Question 12

Lipid Soluble Hormones

Answer 12

• steroid/cholesterol hormones

- thyroid hormones

Question 13

Water Soluble Hormones

Answer 13

• monoamines

- peptide / protein hormones

Question 14

Benefits of Solubility categorization of hormones

Answer 14

• mechanism of secretion
• mechanism of circulation
• mechanism of action

Question 15

Solubility-Categorized Hormones - Mechanisms of Secretion

Answer 15

Lipid soluble - pass through membranes

Water soluble - require carriers or transporter

Question 16

Solubility-Categorized Hormones - Mechanisms of Circulation

Answer 16

Lipid Soluble - require binding proteins. inactive until released
Water Soluble - freely circulating

Question 17

Solubility-Categorized Hormones - Mechanisms of Action

Answer 17

Lipid soluble - transcription factors and gene expression.

Water Soluble - secondary messengers (TKs or GPCRs)