Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PT-409 Pathology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Osteoarthritis Primary Changes

A
  • Loss of Cartilage
  • Remodeling of Bone
  • Osteophytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Osteoarthritis affects who the most?

A
  • > 65

- Women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Osteoarthritis: Knee exam findings

A
  • Decreased ROM
  • Crepitus
  • Deformity
  • Effusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Osteoarthritis: Hip exam findings

A
  • Loss of IR
  • Loss of ABD
  • Leg Length changes
  • Trandelenberg gait
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Osteoarthritis: Radiograph findings

A
  • weight bearing
  • narrowing
  • osteophytes
  • cysts
  • deformity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inflammatory: Possible problems

A
  • RA
  • Lupus
  • Psoriatic arthritis
  • Ankylosing Spondylitis
  • Poor bone
  • On steroids
  • Multiple joint involvement
  • Less responsive to PT
  • Significant deformity
  • High complications and infection
  • Cervical spine involvement in RA
  • Stiffness in AS
  • UE involvement in RA-platform walker
  • Severe valgus deformity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Osteonecrosis: Need to Know

A
  • Primary in HIP
  • 10% of THA due to necrosis
  • 80% Bilateral
  • MRI is 99% sensitive and specific
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osteonecrosis: Causes

A
  • Alcohol abuse
  • Steroids
  • Irradiation
  • Idiopathic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Femoroacetabular Impingement: Need to Know

A
  • 2nd to arthritis
  • Repetitive problem due to structure abnormalities
  • CAM = Young Males
  • Pincer = Young Females
  • LABRAL Tears
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Femoroacetabular Impingement: Treatment

A
  • Arthroscopy
  • Pelvic Osteotomy
  • THA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Osteoarthritis: Medical Management

A
  • NSAIDS
  • Acetaminophen
  • PT/HEP
  • Glucosamine/Chondrotin
  • Activity modification
  • Exercise Program
  • Knee sleeve
  • Injections
  • TJR when ALL ELSE FAILS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TKA: Goal

A
  • Restore normal alignment
  • Improve Function
  • Decrease pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TKA: Gold Standard

A

Cemented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TKA: need to know

A
  • Pre-op ROM = >post-op ROM
  • Goal = 0-115
  • 95% last >10 years
  • Immediate WB
  • Knee noise
  • 1 year for full recovery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TKA: Post-op

A
  • NO running / jumping
  • CAN cross legs
  • CAN kneel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Partial Knee Replacement: Contraindications

A
  • Inflammatory Arthritis / RA
  • Absent ACL
  • Obesity
  • Lateral Patellofemoral wear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

THA: Approaches

A
  • Direct Anterior
  • Direct Lateral
  • Posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

THA: Anterior approach

A
  • Quick recovery (2-4 weeks)
  • LOW risk for dislocation
  • Femoral N. injury/pain
  • Higher blood loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

THA: Lateral approach

A
  • Low dislocation rate
  • Heterotropic ossification
  • better for potential future surgery
  • LIMP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

THA: Posterior approach

A

Higher risk of dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

THA: need to know

A
  • non cemented more common
  • Similar recovery (6 weeks)
  • Anterior approach very difficult (1 surgeon)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

THA: Complications

A
  • Heterotropic ossification
  • Vascular injury <1%
  • Dislocation 1-3%
  • Infection 1-2%
  • DVT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

THA: Take Home Points

A
  • WBAT
  • ROM and Strength will return
  • Cane in opp.
  • Leg Length Discrepancy <7mm
  • Precautions only within 3 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty

A

Break of Femoral neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty: Need to Know
- Displaced femoral neck fractures - Replace Femur only - Older / Frail low demand patients - Quicker and less blood loss - Less risk of dislocation than THA - Rapid Mobilization - High rate of failure in younger population so THA best
26
Osteoarthritis: Primary Pathology
- age - biochemical cellular alterations over time - genetic
27
Osteoarthritis: Secondary Pathology
- fractures - high impact loads - ligament injuries - dysplasia - infection - AVN - Pagets, Hemophilia - Charcot
28
Osteoarthritis: Treatment
- Treat cause for secondary cases - focus on non op means - NSAIDS CANE PT NUTRACEUTICALS
29
Hip Dysplasia: Definition
Abnormal development of the Hip Joint
30
Hip Dysplasia: Pathology
- Cartilage dysplasia | - Developmental
31
Muscle Strains: Treatment
- Restoring Mobility / Strength / Function | - NSAIDS
32
Slipped Capital Epiphysis:
- Males 2x> Females | - Pain / Limp /
33
Avascular Necrosis: Pediatrics Causes
- Perthes Disease - SCFE and Rx - Osteomyelitis - Metabolic - Steroids
34
Avascular Necrosis: Pediatrics Treatment
- ATTEMPT non-OP - Contain and let Hip REMODEL - osteotomy
35
Avascular Necrosis: Adult Causes
- Steroids for Rx of various med conditions - ETOH - Deep Diving - Trauma
36
Avascular Necrosis: Adult Treatment
- Usually THA | - Core decompress
37
Perthes Disease: Definition
- AVN of Femoral Head in Children | - most common in kids
38
Hip Arthroscopy: REMEMBER
- Groin pain is hip joint pain until proven otherwise | - Medial Knee pain can be referred hip joint pain by OBTURATOR N.
39
Labral Tears: Mechanism of Injury
- Hyperextension | - ER
40
Labral Tears: REHAB
Day 2-14: Bike, PROM, AAROM, PWB, isometric, thigh mm Day 14-28: AROM, stretching, WBAT, PRE's, core Day 14--- : functional activity as tolerated
41
Osteochondritis Dissecans:
- disease of subchondral bone
42
Osteochondritis Dissecans: mechanism of injury
- Trauma - ischemia - Abnormal ossification - endocrine abnormalities
43
ACL: mechanism of injury
Passive: Valgus (clipping) Active: sudden stop (supra maximal quad contraction) ***most common form
44
ACL Insufficiency: Signs and Symptoms
- Pop - pain w/ WB - Swelling - 85% of effusions in knee =ACL - feels like it "gives way"
45
PCL: mechanism of injury
- Pre-tibial trauma - Hyperextension - Knee Dislocation
46
PCL Insufficiency: Signs and Symptoms
- Patella pain - Medial Pain - Hyperextension - Pre-tibial pain - + drop back
47
Posterolateral Instability: MOI
- same as ACL and PCL | - VIOLENT
48
Posterolateral Instability: S/S
- Acutely - same as ACL and PCL | - Chronic - repeated "giving way" / pain / swelling
49
ACL: Treatment (low demand person)
- brace - restrict activities (cutting, jumping, twisting) - 30% will develop OA - 75-80% will have menisci tear
50
Lateral Ankle Sprains: Classifications (1-3)
1st - partial / complete tear of ATFL 2nd - ATFL and partial / complete CFL 3rd - ATFL, CFL , PTFL injury
51
Lateral Ankle Sprains: Treatment
- Functional Rehab - RICE - WBAT - ROM prn - early mobilization
52
Lateral Ankle Sprains: need to know
- 20% will develop chronic instability - Surgery IF: Direct repair tendon/graft augmentation realignment procedures
53
Syndesmotic Injuries: History
- ER injury - Pain anterolateral ankle - unable to play
54
Syndesmotic Injury: Exam
- Pain w/ DF - ER test - "squeeze" test - deltoid tenderness
55
Syndesmotic Injury: Treatment (stable)
- Functional Rehab - RICE - CAM walker w/ protected WB initially - Progress to strengthening, proprioception, functional activities as tolerated
56
Syndesmotic Injury: Time frame
- Minimum 6 weeks up to 3-6 months
57
Syndesmotic Injury: Treatment (unstable)
- screws - cast 6 weeks - CAM walker 6 weeks w/ Progressive WB - remove screw at 3 months
58
Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome: definition
- increased pressure within one or several of the 4 fascial compartments of the leg during or shortly after exercise
59
Chronic Exertional CS: History
- symptoms at specific distance / speed / duration - pain in leg or referred pain in foot following N. - Fatigue in leg or foot weakness - numbness or tingling
60
Chronic Exertional CS: Treatment
Non-OP - Rest / NSAIDS / running mechanics / orthotics | Surgery - athletes / fasciotomies

PT-409 Pathology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions