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Sacred Places > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Brahma

A

supreme, universal spirit, origin and support of the phenomenal•universe, ultimate essence of material phenomena

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2
Q

Shiva

A

The Destroyer

Represented with 4 arms

1) Drum + mudra = rhythm and time
2) Flame = force of creation and destruction
3) Pointing to foot = worship and dance
4) Mudra “have no fear”

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3
Q

Vishnu

A

The Preserver

Maintains order and harmony

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4
Q

Vedas

A

songs and poems to gods

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5
Q

Tantras

A

esoteric methods towards self-realization & fusion of energies

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6
Q

Puranas

A

tales about devas

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7
Q

Mahabharata

A

epic poems

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8
Q

Dharma

A

Early texts and myths = cosmic law, rules that created the universe from chaosLater texts = human behaviors necessary for the order of life and universe

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9
Q

Moksha

A

freedom from samsara

still a part of dharma?

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10
Q

Mudra

A

symbolic gestures

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11
Q

Murti

A

manifest deities

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12
Q

Pantheism

A

equates god with the universe

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13
Q

Vedic

A

Vedic Period c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE

Tribal, pastoral society, initially northwestern part of the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Spread towards east to the Ganges Plain after 1200 BCE

Composite of different cultures

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14
Q

Yoga

A

methods to attain moksha

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15
Q
A

Temple 17, Sanchi, India, early 5th century CE

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16
Q
A

Swarga Brahma Temple, Alampur, India, 7th century

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17
Q
A

Temple of Kailasnath at Ellora, India, 8th century CE

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18
Q
A

Lakshmana Temple, Khajuraho, 930-950 CE

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19
Q

Devapuja

A

Direct god worship in womb chamber

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20
Q

Garbhagriha

A

womb chamber

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21
Q

Pradakshina

A

circumambulation

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22
Q

Shikhara

A

mountain peak or crest, structure on hindu temple

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23
Q

look into

A

Stupa I – The Great Stupa or Mahastupa – at Sanchi, India

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24
Q

Shakyamuni

A

the Buddha

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25
Q

Sangha

A

lit. “association”, “company”, “community”
the company of Buddhist monastics

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26
Q

Wheel of Dharma

A

(Dharmachakra)
Symbolizes Buddha’s teachings, and specifically the Noble Eightfold Path
= early summary of Shakyamuni Buddha’s teaching of the path to liberation

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27
Q

Dukkha

A

dissatisfaction

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28
Q

Parinirvana

A

the death of Buddha near city of Kusinara, aged 80 (c

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29
Q
A

Ajanta Caves, India

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30
Q
A

Svayambhu Caitya, Nepal

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31
Q
A

Foguang Monastery, Chin

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32
Q
A

Gandhara relief: Shakyamuni’s First Sermon at Sarnath

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33
Q
A

Gandhara bronze sculpture: Seated Buddha

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34
Q
A

Bamiyan Buddhas, Afghanistan

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35
Q

Theravada

A
  • More “orthodox” Buddhism
    Ethical conduct, meditation, insight,wisdom
  • admits human nature of Shakyamuni
    Main spiritual aim – Arhat

-(“deserving”)“one who is worthy” = having attainednirvana yet not on one’s own like

-Buddha, but with help of a teacher
Members of Sangha wear orangerobes and the head shaven

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36
Q

Mahayana

A

– Middle Path in metaphysical sense
- Buddhas = Lokottara(supramundane)Only externally connected to world
Affirms simultaneous existence ofcountless Buddhas and bodhisattvaswho can interact directly withdevotees, not subject to specificlocations
Main spiritual aim – bodhisattvaTraditions within Mahayana:Pure Land Sect
Tibetan Buddhism
Ch’an and Zen Buddhism

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37
Q

Arhat

A

one who is worthy

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38
Q

Maitreya

A

The future Buddha; a bodhisattva to appear on earth, attain
nirvana, and teach the dharma, successor of current Buddha (Shakyamuni)

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39
Q

Pagoda (ta)

A

While stupa is a round earthenmound, the ta or pagoda isa tower

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40
Q
A

The Mosque of Larabanga, northwestern Ghana, 1421

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41
Q
A

Great Mosque of Djenne, Mali

42
Q
A

Missiri Mosque, France

43
Q

Cosmic Tree

A

toron as cosmic tree?

44
Q

Fertility Cults

A

?

45
Q

Geopiety

A

Earth’s sacramental qualities
Earth as a viable force
Earth as a habitat
Earth as architecture

46
Q

Granary

A

covered in kaolin, raised, womb shaped

47
Q

Kaolin

A

soft white clay

48
Q

Personification

A

Ex: Mother Earth

49
Q

Piety

A

support and care

50
Q

Toron

A

ancestral graves, made of sticks

51
Q

Haus Tambaran

A

Papua New Guinea government building

52
Q

Propylaeum

A

??

53
Q

Antkabir (Mausoleum of Ataturk), Turkey

A

Mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938),

venerated as the founder of the Republic of Turkey

54
Q

Taj Mahal, Agra, India

A

“Monumentalization” of the Taj Mahal in Postcolonial India

55
Q

Enlightenment

A

Reason as universal source of authority and legitimacy, religious tolerance,
against prejudices, orientation towards natural sciences

56
Q

Laicite

A

French concept of secularism

Strong associations between national identity and anti religious secular identity
(in contrast to more accommodationist states, like in the US, for whom religious liberty and political liberty are seamlessly linked)

57
Q

Modernity

A

Differentiation of Christian from so-called Pagan era

58
Q

Monument

A

Commemorates an idea, event, or person

  • existing/historical structure associated with subject to be commemorated
  • created intentionally for the purpose to symbolize the subject
59
Q

Public Space

A

Potentiality of intersection of public space and democracy linked tocomplementary concepts of freedom, equality, and justice

60
Q

Secularism

A

defining characteristic of modern democratic societies

61
Q

UNESCO

A

United Nations Educational,Scientific and CulturalOrganization

62
Q

United Nations

A

.

63
Q

ICC

A

international criminal court

64
Q

Sankore Mosque Timbuktu

A

.

65
Q

Dijngareyber Mosque Timbuktu

A

.

66
Q

Sidi Yahia Mosque Timbuktu

A

.

67
Q

Palmyra

A

-Contains monumental ruins from what was once one of the most important cultural centers of the ancient world

68
Q

War Crime

A

any of the following acts:

. . .

(iv) Intentionally directing attacks against buildings dedicated to religion, education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals and places where the sick and wounded are collected, provided they are not military objectives;

69
Q

Impunity

A

not being punished

70
Q

Responsibility to Protect

A

from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity

71
Q

Puja

A

.

72
Q

Icon/Iconoclast

A

.

73
Q

The Mutter Museum, Philadelphia

A

1) Post-Enlightenment Veneration (Science vs. Religion)
2) Science’s New Relics
3) New Relic Chambers (cabinets and Wunderkammers)
4) The performance of ritual– circuits and trajectories
5) Emotions: awe and its role in sacrality

74
Q

The national museum of the american indian, washington DC

A

.

75
Q

The Holocaust Museum, Washington DC

A

memorial museum

1) As a sacred entombment or enshrinement
2) As a new altar, with new relics
3) New pantheon of quasi-saints (martyrs of war)
4) The ritual of memory and its activation

76
Q

Aesthetics

A

.

77
Q

Altar

A

.

78
Q

Contact zone

A

.

79
Q

Cultural Property

A

.

80
Q

Curator (and cutorial decision making)

A

.

81
Q

Effigy

A

.

82
Q

Kunstkammer

A

.

83
Q

Liminality

A

temporary suspension of time and place

84
Q

Mansion-Museum

A

.

85
Q

Museology

A

.

86
Q

Performance

A

there are ceremonial aspects in museums

87
Q

repatriation

A

.

88
Q

ritual

A

.

89
Q

The Normandy Cemetary, Colleville-sur-Mer, France

A

has “The spirit of american youth” statue

90
Q

The Holocaust Memorial, Miami Beach

A

one with the hand “love and anguish”

91
Q

Saddam’s Victory, Memorial Baghdad

A

has helmets of enemy soldiers on it. is a casting of saddams arm

92
Q

Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Washington DC

A

designed by maya lin

93
Q

The 9/11 memorial, NYC

A

example of a tribute in light

94
Q

Commemoration

A

.

95
Q

living memorial

A

.

96
Q

hearth.

A

.

97
Q

Kitsch

A

.

98
Q

Lamassu

A

stone animal figures to protect. ancient site at persepolis

99
Q

spolia

A

.

100
Q

toponym

A

.

101
Q
A

the three soldiers monument

Sacred Places (2 decks)

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