What are the eight stages of the curriculum development model?
Stage 1: Needs Assessment Stage 2: Develop a Philosophy Stage 3: Selecting Content Stage 4: Organizational Techniques Stage 5: Instructional Techniques Stage 6: Curriculum Implementation Stage 7: Student Assessment & Evaluation Stage 8: Curriculum Evaluation
In Stage 1 (Needs Assessment), what needs to be to considered?
Who is the audience, what are their needs, are we meeting their needs, what is the current status of students, what are the legal requirements
In Stage 2 (Philosophy), what needs to be considered?
What do we believe is important, goals, learning outcomes, curriculum organizers
In Stage 1 (Content), what is the scope of the content based upon?
- Student interest and developmental needs
- Feasibility (facilities/equipment/teacher expertise/time lost teaching)
What organizational techniques do you need to implement in a successful intramural’s program?
Yearly planning Time allocation Activities Scheduling student selection of the activities Unit planning Daily lesson planning
In Stage 8 (Curriculum Evaluation), what needs to be considered?
How often will you assess effectiveness of curriculum, what will you assess (students, teachers, curriculum appropriateness)
Why do we need a public relations program
- Every child has a right to an education.
- The importance of an education needs to be reinforced.
- Relationship between education and the principles of think, speak, write is especially important.
- People are free to do only what they are able to do.
- Public understanding of education is not clearly understood.
What are the principles and guidelines of an effective P.R. program
- Foundation is an excellent physical education and/or athletic program.
- Based on the truth and premise that the public has a right to be informed about the program.
- Must be continuous.
- A major responsibility is to be an advocate and spokesperson to the public.
- Based upon two-way communication.
- Explore the use of all forms of media and communication avenues.
- Positive human relations must be developed for the PR program that’s successful over the long term.
- Define the particular public groups whose opinions affect the program and structure the PR program to reach them.
What messages do we wish to get across
Create public understanding of the value and potential of education
- Teachers are interested in all pupils.
- Needs of all pupils are important.
- All pupils have potential.
- Pupils are achieving at school.
How do we accomplish the task of a successful message within a public relations program?
- Start where people are.
- Personalize the message.
- Relate message to group norms and loyalties.
- Make message credible.
- Select effective cue words- children, success, achievement
- Use familiar words.
- Be easily understood.
- Use action words
- Illustrate
- Highlight with captions.
To be effective, messages must:
Messages must be: Noticed, Understood, Discussed, Accepted, Remembered, and Evoke Constructive Action
What is an intramural program?
An integral part of a school physical activity program and can include almost any student activity in the school.
The physical activity program should include:
the instructional program, intramural program (house leagues), and inter-school program (athletics).
Identify the benefits gained through participation in an intramural program
Opportunity to actively participate in a meaningful activity.
Opportunity to use skills previously learned in physical education classes or elsewhere.
Opportunity to socialize in a physical activity environment.
Opportunity to experience fun and enjoyment.
Opportunity to use leadership skills.
Opportunity to develop school spirit.
What method would you use to organize students for competition?
House system
Homerooms
Physical education classes
All comers sign-up
What aspects of an administrative organizational structure could you use in conducting an intramural program?
- Who is in charge?
- What is the role of teachers and principal in conducting the program?
- What is the role of students
- Who does what?
- What are the strengths and weaknesses of each?
- Students could conduct the total program if reliable grade 11 and 12 Leadership class.
- Teacher sponsor is there to provide assistance, support, expertise and the legal backing.
When should we conduct the intramural program?
- Before school
- Noon hour
- Afterschool
- Evening
- During PE classes
- Pros and cons of each time
How could we group for competition?
Grade level and/or gender a) Each grade plays separately b) Combining grades c) All activities are to be co-education d) All activities single-sex e) Some activities single-sex while others co-educational
What system, if any, would you use to award points in your intramural program?
Participation points Officiating points Administration points Achievement points Games/league tournament ranking
What is the purpose of school athletics?
- Developing a high level of skill.
- Challenge for gifted students.
- Developing leadership traits.
- Developing dedication attributes.
- Developing self-discipline & self-realization.
- Providing a medium for social development.
- Providing a medium for reaping the rewards of participating:
- Satisfaction, Enjoyment, Recreation, Fulfillment, Service
What does Stiggins call the ‘Old Mission’?
- Tests traditionally used to motivate students
- Often called the great intimidator
- Learning time has been fixed over the years
- Those that learned a lot = high confidence
- Those that struggled = low confidence
- Failure became students problem/not schools
What does Stiggins call the ‘New Mission’?
To help those in the bottom of rank-order
Now allow all students to meet minimum standards
Teachers must believe that all students can succeed
This change in thinking has increased interest in Formative Assessment
What is formative assessment?
Including diagnostic testing, is a range of formal and informal assessment procedures employed by teachers during the learning process in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment
What are some types of formative assessment
- Observations = Anecdotal Notes/Notebook, labels or sticky notes
- Questioning = framing questions which explore issues that are critical to the development of students’ understanding
- Discussion = facilitating student discussion can assess student understanding by listening to the student responses and by taking anecdotal notes
- Learning/Response Logs = Learning logs are used for students’ reflections on the material they are learning, Response logs are a good way to examine student thinking
- Graphic Organizers = Venn diagram, brainstorming web, T-chart, KWL chart
- Peer/Self Assessment = students become metacognitive and are more aware of their personal strengths and weaknesses
The most difficult issue with assessment is:
- Effective Learning
- Negative Impact
- Managerial Role of Assessments
