Final Exam Flashcards
What are proteases a type of?
caspases
What is cellular senescence a feature of?
aging
What gene codes for the longevity protein?
SIRT1
How is senescence detrimental for cells?
Detrimental for aging
What gene mutation will lead to cancer?
Tumor suppressing genes
What becomes less efficient at generating ATP as we age?
Mitochondria
Dopamine, Glycine, and GABA are all examples of____ neurotransmitters?
A) Excitatory
B) Inhibitory
C) Complex
D) Doug Chidester “DA MITTINNN”
B) Inhibitory
What are the 3 types of drugs that affect the neuromuscular junction?
ACH - like action,
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors,
ACH receptor antagonists
What types of cancer result from an overexpression Bcl-2?
Lymphoma, breast, Prostate, and lung cancer.
Do antioxidants increase lifespan?
no
What step in cancer development is the initial genetic insult?
Initiation
what type of signal is apoptosis initiation from mitochondria releasing cytochrome c?
Internal Signal
What type of drug affects the neuromuscular junction by decreasing the breakdown of ACH? (e.g. alzheimers, nerve gas)
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Does dietary restriction decrease likelihood of cellular damage?
YES
What is the term that describes cells being replaced at the same rate as being lost?
Homeostasis.
What breaks up proteins to get a cell to apoptosis?
Caspases
Does protein degradation decrease with age?
yes
What are the normal genes that control cell growth and differentiation known as?
Protooncogenes
What protein can induce reactive oxygen species production?
p53
What is telomere attrition a feature of?
aging
How many muscle fibers does each motor nerve stimulate?
300,000
When a cell is injured or diseased, it will likely go through___, taking days and causing inflammation of the surround tissue.
A) Apoptosis.
B) Necrosis
C) Meiosis
D) Cytotermination
B) Necrosis
What is an autoimmune disease where antibodies attack ACH receptors at the neuromuscular junction resulting in an inability to transmit enough signals from nerves to muscles?
Myasthenia Gravis
What type of drug affects neuromuscular junction by not being destroyed by cholinesterases and keeping persistent action? (e.g. Nicotine)
ACH- like action