Final Exam Flashcards
“Voiles” Composer, genre, time period, style, scale, form?
Claude Debussy, Character piece for piano, 20th, no form, penatonic scale, impressionism.
“the unanswered question” composer, genre, time period, texture, timbre,tone
Charles Ives, song cycle for voice and chamber ensemble, 20th, layered, strings, solo trumpet, wind intruments, consoncae and dissonance`
"”columbine” from Pierrot Lunaire” composer, genre, time period, style, singing style, tonal?, scale?
arnold schoenber, song cycle for voice and chamber ensemble, 20th century, expressinism, sprechstimme, atonal, twelve tone
“terraplane Blues” composer, genre, time period, form,melody, what kind of relatonship
Robert Johnson, downhome blues, 20th century, 12 bar blues, blues notes, word music relationship
“paino study in mixed accents” composer, genree, time period, tonal?, form, rhythm, harmoney, texture, style
sectional from, ruth crawford seeger, 1930, solo piano muic, mixed accents, atonal, monophonic, twelve tone
“hoe-down” composer, genre, time period, style,
aaron copeland, ballet, 20th century, modernism
“school days” composer, genre, time period, style, rythm, timbre, fomr
chuck berry, rock n roll, 20th centry, rocck n roll, shuffle rhtyhm, electric guitat, solos, 12 bar solos`
“sontas and interludes” composer, genre, time period, form, timbre, rhtyhm, how are themes organized, style
john cage, prepared piano music, 20th centrury, binary, objects added to piano, main themes organized into rhtymic structure rather than their melodies, experimentalism
“knee play” cmposr, genre, time period, style, harmony, rythm
philip glass, opera, 20th century, ostinato, minimilism, harmone is simple and strongly tonal
” a la par” comoser, genre, time period, form, rhtyhm, timbre, style, harmoney
tania leon, music for persucssion ensemble, 20th century, sectional form, guaguanoc rhtyhm in lower register of piano, pitched vs unpitched, post modernism, both tonslity and atonality
” the frozen cathedral” composer, genre, time period
john mackey, winde ensemble, 21 st centrury
” nascence” composer, genre, time period, texture, timvre
austin wintory, video game music, 21 century, monophonic at begning, homophonic then polyphonic, colo cello
“Japan: Koto” scale, textutre, timbre, origin, florished, string, played, plucked, what affects tone
pentatonic, tremolo,extra musical content, 8th century in jeapan, edo period, 13 silk strings, played on gorund, plucked zither, bridges
“bali:gamelan” harmony, connection to, ultimate symbol of, sonsidered, means
ostinato, connection to minmilisim, symbol of courtly power and majesty,, considered single idetity although multiple instruments, musical ensemble
“india:raga” instrument, rythm, what is raga, how is this perfromed, color what, refers to what
sitar, meter vs unmetered, color musicls sclae,solo instrumental perforomance, meant to color emperor mood or day, refers to scarlar pattrns with distinct melodic shapes, improvisation
“west africa: Ewe drumming”, , lead by master drum, genre, closely intergrated with, characterized by, tonal drumming, instruments involved
sogo, drumming ense,ble, traditinal religion, cross rhythm, several drums, a bell and a rattle
“cuba: rumba” instruments, singing, characteristics
3 congoa drums, and a clave, call and response singing, flirtatious and sexual, couples dance
a song set to serious poetry, usually for solo voice and piano, in the tradition of the German Lied
art song
a style of writing that establishes no harmonic or melodic center of gravity; without a tonic, all notes are of equal weight and significance
atonality
vocal music with more than one singer to a part
choir/choral music
the sound of notes together that our ear finds naturally right
consonance
music in a film that originates from the scene in the film itself, as in a character listening to the radio or playing the violin
diegetic
melodic motion of pitches by leap
dissonance
a broad artistic movement that flourished in music, painting and literature in the early decades of the 20th century
expressionsim
involved the exploration of new sounds for music ad new methods of tonal organization
experimentalism
best known for Bali Gamelan, emerged early 20th century, primary melody are the gangsa and the reyong, rhythmic section is the vertically hung gongs and keyndana
Gamelan Gong Kebyar
invented by Lin Manuel Miranda, won 2016 Pulitzer and Tony Awards, a story of an American event told now, Alexander Hamilton, My Shot, History Has its Eyes on You
Hamilton
- homeless, wanderer, invented his own traditions and instruments, expressed distaste with Western tradition, he had the 43 pitch-scale
Harry Partch
- a cultural movement of the late 1970s through the turn of the century that included fashion, dance, art and music; semi-spoken lyrics that are recited against accompaniment often consisting of short, repeated melodic fragments set against a heavily rhythmic beat; 4 elements - graffiti, b-boying (break dancing), dj-ing, mc-ing (rap)
○ Fathers of Hip-Hop: DJ Kool Herc, Grand Master Flash, Africka Bambuutaa
Hip-Hop
an artistic movement focused more on sensations, perceptions, and light than on the direct representation of objects
Impressionism
teacher at Juliard, won an Oscar for the Red Violin, better known for his orchestral music but wrote one symphony for wind ensemble, symphony was called Circus Maximus (8 movements)
JOhn Crigliano
studied composition, writes for film and TV, began relationship with Spielberg in 1974, received more academy awards than any other living person, Star Wars, marches and Jurassic Park
JOhn William
she wrote Anthracite Fields, received pulitzer prize in 2015, song she wrote was written for choir and band (5 movement piece)
Juliawolfe
in music, a style in which a brief musical idea or group of ideas is repeated and varied incrementally over a long span of time, with a relatively slow rate of change
Minimalism
- a spirit that took hold in all the arts in the early twentieth century, representing a quest for novelty that far exceeded any such drive in the past
○ Impressionism - whole tonal scale,
○ Experimentalism - John Cage, Harry Partch
○ Expressionism
○ Twelve-tone music - Ruth Crawford
modernism
a spoken drama with a substantial amount of singing
musical theather
film music that is added to the scene from the outside for purposes of heightening the mood or feeling of a scene
non-diegetic
a short pattern of notes repeated over and over
ostinato
became interested in sound meditation practice at the end of the 1960s, Sonic Mediations and Deep Listening
Pauline Oliveros
a scale of consisting five tones
penatonic scale
the juxtaposition of two conventional harmonies in a way that creates a new dissonance
polytonal
reaction to modernism; reaction against, composers argue against modernism; very broadly conceived philosophical and aesthetic standpoint
○ Minimalism
○ Ecomusic
postmodernism
Check D, Flavor Flav, Professor Griff and Terminator X - signed with Def Jams, brought political commentary to the East coast, formed self-contained production and their unique beats reinforced the seriousness of their messages
public enemy
- performer, composer and imprisoner in Hindustani traditions, really influential with musicians around the world
ravi shankar
combined styles such as blues, hillbilly music, western swing, honky tonk, etc.
rock n roll
king of Ragtime, composed 1 opera, wanted the respect of a classical composer, worked in NY last years of life, established career in St. Louis
scott joplin
the form of the music follows the form of the text
sectional fomr
a specific 8th note rhythmic feel. It is based on triplet subdivisions of the beat rather than on dividing each beat perfectly in half
shuffle rhythm
plucked string instrument that usually has 18 strings, two gourd resonators - one at each end of the neck, strings arranged in 3 sets (fastened with pegs) - plucking strings, drone strings and sympathetic strings
sitar
- a singing style
sprechstimme
minimalist that developed his own style, studied drumming at the institute of African Studies at University of Ghana, studied balinese gamelan at American Society for Eastern Arts, studied traditional forms of cantillation, founded his own ensemble in 1966
steve reich
rhythmic accents that occur off the beat
syncopation
two drums with a variable pitch played with fingertips
tabla
- harmony: polytonality, melody: pentatonic fragmentary, rhythm: ostinato, timbre: huge or orchestra, form: through-composed
the rite of spring
of a composition, especially a song not based on repeated sections or verses, especially having different music for each verse
through composed
organized pitches into rows of 12 different notes; each of 12 tones have equal weight
twelve tone composition
- from Mississippi but grew up in Arkansas, first African American to have a symphony which is symphony #1 Afro-American; Harlem Renaissance
wiliam grant still
● founded the Eastern Wind Ensemble in 1952; goal was artistic aesthetic and technical development of each player; flexible instrumentation and often solo approach
federeick fennel
type of syncopation where patterns of two occur at the same time as patterns of three
hemiola
began in New Orleans in 1900s, moved north in the 20s, and developed into Big Band/Swing in 30s
jazz
made a deal with the devil, that’s what people said, he got his really good skills from that; traveled the deep south, rediscovered in the 1960s
robert johnson
● How did composers in the first half of the twentieth century move away from traditional compositional approaches? Include at least two specific examples.
○ Schoenberg - new system for organizing notes which was 12 tone system; disliked term atonality and deemed it “emancipation of dissonance”
○ Stravinsky
○ John Cage - questioned the role of the composer; discussed how everything we do is music; experimented with new sounds - added objects to the piano to make different noises; indeterminacy - creating music with random or predictable procedures; composed more radically than Schoenberg even though he composed with Schoenberg
● How do Deep Listening and Inuksuit represent unique performing and listening experiences?
○ Deep Listening - Pauline Oliveros; recorded underground - recorded drone-bass improvisations; you’re supposed to just listen to this music
○ Inuksuit - 9 to 99 percussionists, site-determined not site-specific, can vary by weather, create sense of community
music characterized by a syncopated melodic line and regularly accented accompaniment, evolved by black American musicians in the 1890s and played especially on the piano.
ragtime
piano that has had its sound altered by placing objects between or on the strings.
prepared piano music
is a compositional technique in which the same part (a repetitive phrase) is played on two musical instruments, in steady but not identical tempi
phasing
a style of playing fast interlocking parts in most varieties of Balinese Gamelan music, including Gamelan gong kebyar, Gamelan angklung, Gamelan jegog and others.
kotekan
