Final Exam

Question 1

Fallacy of Composition

Answer 1

Assuming that what was true for the part is automatically true for the whole

Question 2

Common cause fallacy

Answer 2

Assuming that one thing causes another when in fact a third factor is really the cause of both

Question 3

Post how fallacy

Answer 3

Assuming that because on event occurred before another, the first is necessarily the cause of the second

Question 4

Non sequitur fallacy

Answer 4

A claim that in its face, is unrelated to the supporting material

Question 5

Circular argument fallacy

Answer 5

Only restating the claim in slightly different words, rather than supporting the claim

Question 6

Ignoring the question fallacy

Answer 6

Making an inference that diverts attention from the issue at hand (red herring)

Question 7

Equivocal language fallacy

Answer 7

The potential for language to have multiple meanings. The clarity of language may affect the quality of an inference

Question 8

Confusing probability with certainty fallacy

Answer 8

Speakers may regard as certain what is really only probable

Question 9

Inappropriate emotional response fallacy

Answer 9

An appropriate emotional response is sometimes more important than the details of the inference

Question 10

I in cannons

Answer 10

Invention: discovering what can be said about a topic and finding arguments that makes the topic understandable (ways to persuade the audience)

Question 11

A in cannons

Answer 11

Arrangement: structure of argument (intro, body, conclusion)

Question 12

S in cannons

Answer 12

Style: how the speaker chooses words they use (use of language)

Question 13

D in cannons

Answer 13

Delivery: effective use of voice, gesture, etc

Question 14

M in cannons

Answer 14

Memory: how familiar the speaker is with the topic

Question 15

Syllogism

Answer 15

Plato and Socrates:

Consists of major premise, minor premise, and conclusion

Question 16

Enthymeme/ broken syllogism

Answer 16

Aristotle:

Rhetorical syllogism. Leaves out one component of syllogism and audience fills in the hole.

Question 17

Mazlow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 17

1. Self-actualization, creativity, etc
2. Self esteem, confidence, respect for others
3. Love/ relationships
4. Safety
5. Physical needs

Question 18

Trope:

Answer 18

Turn in language, figure of speech, or ornament

Question 19

Four Master Tropes:

Answer 19

Metaphor

Metonymy

Synecdoche

Irony

Question 20

Metaphor:

Answer 20

A figure of speech in which a name o descriptive word or phrase is transferred to an object or action different from, but analogous to that to which it is literally applicable

Question 21

Metonymy:

Answer 21

Word or concept that is not called by its own name, but by an intimately related concept

Ex: teacher= Jason Meyers

Question 22

Synecdoche:

Answer 22

Part for the whole or whole for the part

Ex: head count/ hires hands

Question 23

Irony:

Answer 23

A figure of speech in which the intended meaning is the opposite of that expressed by the words used; usually taking the form of sarcasm or ridicule in which laudatory expressions are used to imply condemnation or contempt

Question 24

Toulmin Model Big 3

Answer 24

In-between syllogism and enthymeme.

Claim: thesis and/or conclusion

Data: supporting material (minor)

Warrant: reasoning (major)

Question 25

Toulmin Model other 3

Answer 25

Backing: why is data good

Qualifier: says what causes your claim

Rebuttal: getting ahead of opposition

Question 26

Bitzer 3 parts of rhetorical situation

Answer 26

Exigence: Imperfection marked by urgency

Audience: those capable of being influenced by a discourse (member of audience who is persuadable)

Constraints: made up of persons, events, objects, and relations which are part of the situation and have the power to constrain decision and action

Question 27

Narrative world paradigm

Answer 27

1. Narrative probability

2. Narrative Fidelity

Question 29

Narrative probability:

Answer 29

Formal features of a story hat determine whether a story coheres or hangs together (free of contradictions)

Walter Fisher

Question 31

Epideictic/ demonstrative

Answer 31

Speech of praise/ blame
Or
Ceremonial speech

Question 32

Deliberative speech

Answer 32

Political speech

Question 33

Forensic/ Judicial

Answer 33

Courtroom speech

Question 34

Monroes Motivated sequence:

Answer 34

Attention Step (intro)
Need Step (body) 
Satisfaction Step (body) 
Visualization Step (body) 
Action Step (could conclusion)

Question 35

Narrative Fidelity

Answer 35

Truth qualities of the story, soundness of reasoning, whether the story rings true for the audience

Walter Fisher