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World Lit > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Renaissance?

A

14th-17th century

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2
Q

What does Renaissance mean?

A

Rebirth

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3
Q

What did the Renaissance embrace?

A

the reawakening of scholarship (studia humanitatis); recovery of ancient learning (rebirth); rise of scientific inquiry; self emancipation of the individual

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4
Q

What are the qualities of a Renaissance man?

A

well informed man of the world; all knowledge is his province; art

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5
Q

Medieval Thought

A

Natural Law: universal moral absolutes that can be discovered through human reason; the source of these laws is God; divine and natural law are superior to man made laws; metaphysical (Heaven to come, spiritual)


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6
Q

Renaissance Thought

A

Humanism: individualism, faith in science; questions scriptures; emphasis on man and his achievements; physical (material gain, this life rather than the one to come, secular)


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7
Q

Who is the author of the Prince?

A

Machiavelli

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8
Q

What language is the Prince in?

A

Italian

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9
Q

What is the date of the Prince?

A

1513

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10
Q

When was the Prince published?

A

1532 (posthumously)

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11
Q

Who was Florence occupied by in 1494?

A

French troops

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12
Q

Who is the leader when the republic is restored?

A

Piero Soderini

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13
Q

Who were the Medicis?

A

powerful Florentine family

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14
Q

When did the Medici family return to power?

A

1512

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15
Q

What was Machiavelli accused of?

A

Trying to kill Guiliano de Medici

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16
Q

What happened to Machiavelli?

A

tortured by the Medicis and then exiled to his villa in Sant’ Andrea

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17
Q

What happened to Machiavelli in exile?

A

He became bored

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18
Q

Who is the Prince dedicated to?

A

Lorenzo de Medici

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19
Q

What does the Prince focus on?

A

the attributes of good political leadership

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20
Q

What is the Prince?

A

The world’s longest job application

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21
Q

Who was the Prince?

A

Cesare Borgia

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22
Q

What did the Prince go by?

A

Duke Valentino

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23
Q

Who was the father of the Prince?

A

illegitimate son of the Pope Alexander VI

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24
Q

What did Duke Valentino use people for?

A

to do his dirty work

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25
Q

What must every leader deal with?

A

fortune and misfortune

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26
Q

What does Machiavelli compare fortune to?

A

a wild river and a woman

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27
Q

How can leaders limit the effects of bad fortune

A

by preparing for it and acting boldly

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28
Q

What should Duke seem to be?

A

compassionate, trustworthy, sympathetic, hones, religious; be prepared to be the opposite if necessary

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29
Q

What is the most important quality the prince should have?

A

The appearance of being a religious person

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30
Q

What can form a substantial base for the prince’s power?

A

Acts of kindness

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31
Q

What is it better for a leader to be?

A

Better to be feared than loved

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32
Q

What must a leader avoid?

A

being hated by his people

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33
Q

What does hatred result in?

A

more resources being used to pacify citizens, more vulnerable to enemies

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34
Q

When did Machiavelli die?

A

June 27, 1527

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35
Q

Where was Machiavelli buried?

A

Santa Croce

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36
Q

Who banned Machiavelli’s works and why?

A

Pope Paul IV in 1559

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37
Q

Who is the author of Paradise Lost?

A

John Milton

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38
Q

When was Paradise Lost written?

A

1667

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39
Q

What language is Paradise Lost written in?

A

Early Modern Englsih

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40
Q

What is Paradise Lost?

A

an epic

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41
Q

What is Paradise Lost modeled after?

A

classical epics like the Odyssey

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42
Q

Who was Milton’s muse?

A

the Holy Spirit

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43
Q

What meter does Milton use?

A

heroic verse

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44
Q

What is heroic verse in English?

A

iambic pentameter

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45
Q

What is a foot?

A

basic unit of measurement in a line of poetry

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46
Q

What does lamb mean?

A

a specific type of foot made of 2 syllables (unstressed, stressed)

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47
Q

What does pentameter mean?

A

each line contains 5 feet

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48
Q

What is heroic verse in the classical languages?

A

dactylic hexameter

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49
Q

What are the classical languages?

A

Greek and Latin

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50
Q

What is Satan’s chief sin?

A

Pride

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51
Q

What are Adam’s natural gifts?

A

wisdom and strength (authority)

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52
Q

Who is Raphael?

A

angel; humanity’s confidant; advises Adam

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53
Q

What is Eve’s natural gift?

A

beauty

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54
Q

Who is Gabriel?

A

the angel that guards the entrance to Paradise

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55
Q

Where is the entrance to Paradise?

A

eastern end of Paradise

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56
Q

What language is Beowulf in?

A

Old English

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57
Q

Who is the author of Beowulf?

A

unknown

58
Q

What is the date of Beowulf?

A

9th century AD

59
Q

Old English

A

450 AD-1150 AD

60
Q

Middle English

A

1150 AD-1500 AD

61
Q

Early Modern English

A

1500 AD-1700 AD

62
Q

Modern English

A

1700 AD-

63
Q

When were the dark ages?

A

5-7th century AD

64
Q

What were 5 immediate effects of the Gothic Invasion?

A

Widespread destruction of past achievements; degeneration of European civilization into a crude chaotic, tribal civilization; destruction of schools; disappearance of knowledge of Greek and Latin; destruction, abandonment, or hiding away of books

65
Q

4 characteristics of Gothic people (Beowulf)

A

fierce love of action; love of independence; respect for their own women; interest in the grotesque, strange, and mysterious

66
Q

What is the gothic religion like?

A

pessimistic, many gods, hopeless good vs. overpowering evil, afterlife (Valhalla)

67
Q

Shield

A

famous ancestor of Hrothgar; Beowulf

68
Q

Hrothgar

A

King of the Danes

69
Q

Higlac

A

Beowulf’s uncle

70
Q

Edgethow

A

Beowulf’s father

71
Q

Unferth

A

advisor/thane of Hrothgar; Beowulf

72
Q

Brecca

A

youthful companion of Beowulf

73
Q

Grendel

A

terrorized Herot; Beowulf

74
Q

Hermod

A

bad example of a King

75
Q

Hrunting

A

Beowulf’s sword

76
Q

Wiglaf

A

loyal companion

77
Q

What language is the Bhagavad Ghita written?

A

Sanskrit

78
Q

What is the Bhagavad Ghita a part of?

A

Mahabharata

79
Q

What language is the Canterbury Tales written in?

A

Middle English

80
Q

What is the date of the Canterbury Tales?

A

1390

81
Q

The Knight

A

good; highest social rank of the pilgrims; Canterbury

82
Q

The Parson

A

good; village priest; plowman’s brother; Canterbury

83
Q

The Plowman

A

good; Canterbury

84
Q

The Prioress

A

2nd in authority at a nunnery; Canterbury



85
Q

The Monk

A

Canterbury

86
Q

The Cook

A

serves 5 guildsmen

87
Q

The Wife of Bath

A

had 5 husbands, looking for a 6

88
Q

The Pardoner

A

evil; sells induldgences

89
Q

The Miller

A

evil

90
Q

The Reeve

A

evil; overseer of an estate

91
Q

The Friar

A

evil

92
Q

What 3 controversial issues does the Wife of Bath discuss?

A

practical experience vs. received authority; female freedom is more important than male domination; unblushing sensuality

93
Q

When was Chuang Zu written?

A

4th century BC

94
Q

Skepticism

A

life has limitations; knowledge is unlimited; to use something that has limits to pursue something that doesn’t have limits is fool’s play (Chuang Zu)
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95
Q

What language is Gilgamesh in?

A

Sumerian

96
Q

Characteristics of Ancient Major (Pre Greece) Civilizations

A

absolute rule; absence of humanistic thought; closed state of mind; Gilgamesh

97
Q

Monotheism

A

one god, god has eternal life, all powerful, absolute standard for good and evil

98
Q

Polytheism

A

many gods, gods have eternal life, power is limited, not concerned with standards of good and evil


99
Q

Anu

A

father god (Gilgamesh)

100
Q

Enlil

A

calls for the flood (Gilgamesh)

101
Q

Aruru

A

goddess of creation (Gilgamesh)

102
Q

Shamash

A

son, husband, and brother of Ishtar (Gilgamesh)

103
Q

Ishtar

A

goddess of love and war

104
Q

Ninsun

A

mother of Gilgamesh

105
Q

Irkala

A

goddess of darkness (Gilgamesh)

106
Q

Ea

A

friend of Utnapishtim (Gilgamesh)

107
Q

Lugalbanda

A

father of Gilgamesh

108
Q

Humbaba

A

guardian of the cedar forest

109
Q

Utnapishtim

A

Noah figure

110
Q

Urshanabi

A

ferryman

111
Q

Anteus

A

titan who lowers Virgil and Dante into the 9th circle of hell

112
Q

What language is Dante’s inferno in?

A

Italian

113
Q

The She Wolf

A

incontinence

114
Q

The Lion

A

violence

115
Q

The Leopard

A

fraud

116
Q

What language is the Jataka in?

A

Pali; dialect of Sanskrit

117
Q

What language is Medea in?

A

Greek

118
Q

Who wrote Medea?

A

Euripedes

119
Q

Jason

A

husband of Medea

120
Q

Kreon

A

king of Corinth

121
Q

Aigeus

A

king of Athens

122
Q

Helios

A

a god and grandfather of Medea

123
Q

What language is the Koran in?

A

Arabic

124
Q

What language is the Aeneid in?

A

Latin

125
Q

What language is the Odyssey in?

A

Greek

126
Q

Characteristics of Ancient Civilizations?

A

Belief in the importance and dignity of the individual; concept of arete—(general overall excellence in every possible direction); their ability to conceive of thesimultaneous existence of both order and progress; colonies spread, literary culture, pre-socratic philosophy, polis


127
Q

Principles of Greek religion

A

whatever the Gods and Goddesses decided to do was right because they decided to do it; at all costs man should avoid hubris

128
Q

Cult of Apollo

A

god of rational orderliness, poetry, and music; giver of moral law; hate hubris; moderation in all things; nothing in excess


129
Q

Cult of Dionysus

A

god of wine, fertility, and joy of living; vitality; ecstasy; escape from life’s problems; creativity

130
Q

What era is Gilgamesh?

A

Ancient World

131
Q

What era is the Odyssey?

A

ancient world

132
Q

What era is Medea?

A

ancient world

133
Q

What era is the Bhagavad Gita?

A

ancient world

134
Q

What era is the Jhataka?

A

ancient world

135
Q

What era is Zhuangzi?

A

ancient world

136
Q

What era is Beowulf?

A

middle ages

137
Q

What era is Canterbury Tales?

A

middle ages

138
Q

What era is Dante’s inferno?

A

middle ages

139
Q

What era is the Koran?

A

middle ages

140
Q

What era is the Prince?

A

Renaissance

141
Q

What era is Paradise Lost?

A

Renaissance

World Lit (1 decks)

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