Final Exam Flashcards
1
Q
When was the Renaissance?
A
14th-17th century
2
Q
What does Renaissance mean?
A
Rebirth
3
Q
What did the Renaissance embrace?
A
the reawakening of scholarship (studia humanitatis); recovery of ancient learning (rebirth); rise of scientific inquiry; self emancipation of the individual
4
Q
What are the qualities of a Renaissance man?
A
well informed man of the world; all knowledge is his province; art
5
Q
Medieval Thought
A
Natural Law: universal moral absolutes that can be discovered through human reason; the source of these laws is God; divine and natural law are superior to man made laws; metaphysical (Heaven to come, spiritual)
6
Q
Renaissance Thought
A
Humanism: individualism, faith in science; questions scriptures; emphasis on man and his achievements; physical (material gain, this life rather than the one to come, secular)
7
Q
Who is the author of the Prince?
A
Machiavelli
8
Q
What language is the Prince in?
A
Italian
9
Q
What is the date of the Prince?
A
1513
10
Q
When was the Prince published?
A
1532 (posthumously)
11
Q
Who was Florence occupied by in 1494?
A
French troops
12
Q
Who is the leader when the republic is restored?
A
Piero Soderini
13
Q
Who were the Medicis?
A
powerful Florentine family
14
Q
When did the Medici family return to power?
A
1512
15
Q
What was Machiavelli accused of?
A
Trying to kill Guiliano de Medici
16
Q
What happened to Machiavelli?
A
tortured by the Medicis and then exiled to his villa in Sant’ Andrea
17
Q
What happened to Machiavelli in exile?
A
He became bored
18
Q
Who is the Prince dedicated to?
A
Lorenzo de Medici
19
Q
What does the Prince focus on?
A
the attributes of good political leadership
20
Q
What is the Prince?
A
The world’s longest job application
21
Q
Who was the Prince?
A
Cesare Borgia
22
Q
What did the Prince go by?
A
Duke Valentino
23
Q
Who was the father of the Prince?
A
illegitimate son of the Pope Alexander VI
24
Q
What did Duke Valentino use people for?
A
to do his dirty work
25
What must every leader deal with?
fortune and misfortune
26
What does Machiavelli compare fortune to?
a wild river and a woman
27
How can leaders limit the effects of bad fortune
by preparing for it and acting boldly
28
What should Duke seem to be?
compassionate, trustworthy, sympathetic, hones, religious; be prepared to be the opposite if necessary
29
What is the most important quality the prince should have?
The appearance of being a religious person
30
What can form a substantial base for the prince's power?
Acts of kindness
31
What is it better for a leader to be?
Better to be feared than loved
32
What must a leader avoid?
being hated by his people
33
What does hatred result in?
more resources being used to pacify citizens, more vulnerable to enemies
34
When did Machiavelli die?
June 27, 1527
35
Where was Machiavelli buried?
Santa Croce
36
Who banned Machiavelli's works and why?
Pope Paul IV in 1559
37
Who is the author of Paradise Lost?
John Milton
38
When was Paradise Lost written?
1667
39
What language is Paradise Lost written in?
Early Modern Englsih
40
What is Paradise Lost?
an epic
41
What is Paradise Lost modeled after?
classical epics like the Odyssey
42
Who was Milton's muse?
the Holy Spirit
43
What meter does Milton use?
heroic verse
44
What is heroic verse in English?
iambic pentameter
45
What is a foot?
basic unit of measurement in a line of poetry
46
What does lamb mean?
a specific type of foot made of 2 syllables (unstressed, stressed)
47
What does pentameter mean?
each line contains 5 feet
48
What is heroic verse in the classical languages?
dactylic hexameter
49
What are the classical languages?
Greek and Latin
50
What is Satan's chief sin?
Pride
51
What are Adam's natural gifts?
wisdom and strength (authority)
52
Who is Raphael?
angel; humanity's confidant; advises Adam
53
What is Eve's natural gift?
beauty
54
Who is Gabriel?
the angel that guards the entrance to Paradise
55
Where is the entrance to Paradise?
eastern end of Paradise
56
What language is Beowulf in?
Old English
57
Who is the author of Beowulf?
unknown
58
What is the date of Beowulf?
9th century AD
59
Old English
450 AD-1150 AD
60
Middle English
1150 AD-1500 AD
61
Early Modern English
1500 AD-1700 AD
62
Modern English
1700 AD-
63
When were the dark ages?
5-7th century AD
64
What were 5 immediate effects of the Gothic Invasion?
Widespread destruction of past achievements; degeneration of European civilization into a crude chaotic, tribal civilization; destruction of schools; disappearance of knowledge of Greek and Latin; destruction, abandonment, or hiding away of books
65
4 characteristics of Gothic people (Beowulf)
fierce love of action; love of independence; respect for their own women; interest in the grotesque, strange, and mysterious
66
What is the gothic religion like?
pessimistic, many gods, hopeless good vs. overpowering evil, afterlife (Valhalla)
67
Shield
famous ancestor of Hrothgar; Beowulf
68
Hrothgar
King of the Danes
69
Higlac
Beowulf's uncle
70
Edgethow
Beowulf's father
71
Unferth
advisor/thane of Hrothgar; Beowulf
72
Brecca
youthful companion of Beowulf
73
Grendel
terrorized Herot; Beowulf
74
Hermod
bad example of a King
75
Hrunting
Beowulf's sword
76
Wiglaf
loyal companion
77
What language is the Bhagavad Ghita written?
Sanskrit
78
What is the Bhagavad Ghita a part of?
Mahabharata
79
What language is the Canterbury Tales written in?
Middle English
80
What is the date of the Canterbury Tales?
1390
81
The Knight
good; highest social rank of the pilgrims; Canterbury
82
The Parson
good; village priest; plowman's brother; Canterbury
83
The Plowman
good; Canterbury
84
The Prioress
2nd in authority at a nunnery; Canterbury
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85
The Monk
Canterbury
86
The Cook
serves 5 guildsmen
87
The Wife of Bath
had 5 husbands, looking for a 6
88
The Pardoner
evil; sells induldgences
89
The Miller
evil
90
The Reeve
evil; overseer of an estate
91
The Friar
evil
92
What 3 controversial issues does the Wife of Bath discuss?
practical experience vs. received authority; female freedom is more important than male domination; unblushing sensuality
93
When was Chuang Zu written?
4th century BC
94
Skepticism
life has limitations; knowledge is unlimited; to use something that has limits to pursue something that doesn't have limits is fool's play (Chuang Zu)
95
What language is Gilgamesh in?
Sumerian
96
Characteristics of Ancient Major (Pre Greece) Civilizations
absolute rule; absence of humanistic thought; closed state of mind; Gilgamesh
97
Monotheism
one god, god has eternal life, all powerful, absolute standard for good and evil
98
Polytheism
many gods, gods have eternal life, power is limited, not concerned with standards of good and evil
99
Anu
father god (Gilgamesh)
100
Enlil
calls for the flood (Gilgamesh)
101
Aruru
goddess of creation (Gilgamesh)
102
Shamash
son, husband, and brother of Ishtar (Gilgamesh)
103
Ishtar
goddess of love and war
104
Ninsun
mother of Gilgamesh
105
Irkala
goddess of darkness (Gilgamesh)
106
Ea
friend of Utnapishtim (Gilgamesh)
107
Lugalbanda
father of Gilgamesh
108
Humbaba
guardian of the cedar forest
109
Utnapishtim
Noah figure
110
Urshanabi
ferryman
111
Anteus
titan who lowers Virgil and Dante into the 9th circle of hell
112
What language is Dante's inferno in?
Italian
113
The She Wolf
incontinence
114
The Lion
violence
115
The Leopard
fraud
116
What language is the Jataka in?
Pali; dialect of Sanskrit
117
What language is Medea in?
Greek
118
Who wrote Medea?
Euripedes
119
Jason
husband of Medea
120
Kreon
king of Corinth
121
Aigeus
king of Athens
122
Helios
a god and grandfather of Medea
123
What language is the Koran in?
Arabic
124
What language is the Aeneid in?
Latin
125
What language is the Odyssey in?
Greek
126
Characteristics of Ancient Civilizations?
Belief in the importance and dignity of the individual; concept of arete—(general overall excellence in every possible direction); their ability to conceive of thesimultaneous existence of both order and progress; colonies spread, literary culture, pre-socratic philosophy, polis
127
Principles of Greek religion
whatever the Gods and Goddesses decided to do was right because they decided to do it; at all costs man should avoid hubris
128
Cult of Apollo
god of rational orderliness, poetry, and music; giver of moral law; hate hubris; moderation in all things; nothing in excess
129
Cult of Dionysus
god of wine, fertility, and joy of living; vitality; ecstasy; escape from life's problems; creativity
130
What era is Gilgamesh?
Ancient World
131
What era is the Odyssey?
ancient world
132
What era is Medea?
ancient world
133
What era is the Bhagavad Gita?
ancient world
134
What era is the Jhataka?
ancient world
135
What era is Zhuangzi?
ancient world
136
What era is Beowulf?
middle ages
137
What era is Canterbury Tales?
middle ages
138
What era is Dante's inferno?
middle ages
139
What era is the Koran?
middle ages
140
What era is the Prince?
Renaissance
141
What era is Paradise Lost?
Renaissance
