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U.S. History after 1920 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

President No. 28

A

Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) 1913-1921

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2
Q

President No. 29

A

Warren G. Harding (Republican) 1921-1923

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3
Q

President No. 30

A

Calvin Coolidge (Republican) 1923-1929

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4
Q

President No. 31

A

Herbert Hoover (Republican) 1929-1933

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5
Q

President No. 32

A

Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat) 1933-1945

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6
Q

President No. 33

A

Harry Truman (Democrat) 1945-1953

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7
Q

President No. 34

A

Dwight Eisenhower (Republican) 1953-1961

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8
Q

President No. 35

A

John F. Kennedy (Democrat) 1961-1963

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9
Q

President No. 36

A

Lyndon B. Johnson (Democrat) 1963-1969

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10
Q

President No. 37

A

Richard Nixon (Republican) 1969-1974

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11
Q

President No. 38

A

Gerald Ford (Republican) 1974-1977

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12
Q

President No. 39

A

Jimmy Carter (Democrat) 1977-1981

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13
Q

President No. 40

A

Ronald Reagan (Republican) 1981-1989

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14
Q

President No. 41

A

George H. W. Bush (Republican) 1989-1993

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15
Q

President No. 42

A

Bill Clinton (Democrat) 1993-2001

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16
Q

President No. 43

A

George W. Bush (Republican) 2001-2009

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17
Q

President No. 44

A

Barack Obama (Democrat) 2009-2017

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18
Q

1927

A

Lindbergh flies across the Atlantic

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19
Q

1929

A

Stock Market crashes

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20
Q

1935

A

Social Security Passed

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21
Q

1937

A

“Roosevelt” Recession

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22
Q

1941

A

Pearl Harbor Attacked

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23
Q

1945

A

U.S. drops atomic bombs on Japan; end of WWII

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24
Q

1947

A

Jackie Robinson breaks into Major Leagues

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25
Q

1949

A

Fall of China; Soviets detonate atomic bomb; creation of NATO

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26
Q

1954

A

Brown vs. Board of Education

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27
Q

1968

A

Tet Offensive; assassinations of MLK Jr. and Bobby Kennedy

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28
Q

1989

A

Fall of Berlin Wall and End of Cold War

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29
Q

What is the Gentleman’s Agreement in baseball?

A

unspoken understanding that blacks weren’t allowed to play major league baseball

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30
Q

Who was Branch Rickey?

A

a religious baseball manager who saw the untapped potential in blacks

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31
Q

Who was Jackie Robinson?

A

chosen by Rickey to play for the Dodgers

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32
Q

What minor league team did Robinson play for before joining the Brooklyn Dodgers?

A

Montreal Royals

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33
Q

What kind of reception did Robinson recieve when he played for the Dodgers?

A

Heavily discriminated against

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34
Q

How well did Robinson play?

A

Had a very good rookie season

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35
Q

Who was Larry Doby?

A

African American who broke into the American League

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36
Q

How has baseball honored Robinson?

A

Retired his number throughout all of baseball

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37
Q

When were the armed forces integrated?

A

1948: Truman integrates armed forces

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38
Q

What was Brown vs. Board of Education?

A

1954: 9 year old girl Linda Brown had to walk to the black school, Supreme Court rules segregation has no place in education

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39
Q

Who was Rosa Parks?

A

Woman who refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery Alabama.

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40
Q

What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A

blacks had to give up their seats for whites, but this was challenged by Rosa Parks, and MLK formed and led a boycott.

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41
Q

What was the Little Rock Desegregation Crisis?

A

Governor Orval Faubus ordered national guard to keep blacks out of Little Rock Central High School. Ike called national guard away, with the help of the 101st Airborne (the best). But group of whites still keep the students out. School closes for a year before being totally desegregated.

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42
Q

What was significant about Ike’s reliance upon the 101st Airborne?

A

They were the best group of soldiers, so he used the best to deal with this big problem of racism and segregation

43
Q

What were sit-ins?

A

1960: Greensboro, N.C. blacks organize a sit-in at a whites only Woolsworth. Movement spreads, along with pray-ins and wade-ins

44
Q

MLK’s “I Have A Dream Speech”

A

August 28, 1963: on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial

45
Q

What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

A

Lyndon B. Johnson signs this in: outlawed discrimination in public places and literacy tests had to be at a 6th grade level for black voters

46
Q

What was the Civil Rights Act of 1965?

A

Called for federal officials to register voters, suspended literacy tests altogether

47
Q

What was Eisenhower’s campaign slogan in 1952?

A

“I Like Ike”

48
Q

Who was Alger Hiss?

A

State Department Official and Soviet Spy

49
Q

Who was John Foster Dulles?

A

Secretary of State under Eishenhower

50
Q

What was massive retaliation?

A

if the Soviet Union makes a move, the U.S. will retaliate with an unsymmetrical response.

51
Q

What was brinkmanship?

A

U.S. had to go to the very brink of war to force the Soviets to stand down. Demonstrating strength worked because they didn’t want to die

52
Q

What was the Indochina Crisis of 1954?

A

Vietnam had been a state of China, until France carves out a peace of land in Indochina including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.

53
Q

Who was Ho Chi Minh?

A

He was the communist leader of Vietman who wanted to drive out the French

54
Q

What was Ho’s political idealogy?

A

He is a communist first and a nationalist second

55
Q

Who were the Viet Minh?

A

The Vietnamese communist party

56
Q

Why did the United States begin to support France in Indochina after 1949?

A

After the fall of China, Truman acted more vigorously to support the French, though didn’t want to before because France still had colonies and U.S. was against decolonization.

57
Q

What was Dien Bien Phu?

A

Battle in which the Vietminh won over the French

58
Q

What did Dien Bien Phu lead to?

A

The Geneva Peace Agreement of 1954 in which Vietminh and France decide to stop fighting and to seperate Vietnam into 2 countries.

59
Q

Who was Gamal Nasser?

A

Man who came to power in Egypt and nationalizes the Suez Canal

60
Q

What was the Suez Crisis of 1956?

A

France and Britian arent happy because the canal was not Egypt’s to nationalize. They begin bombing Egyptian air fields. Israel becomes involved and invades the Sinai Penninsula

61
Q

What was destalinization?

A

Destroying Stalin statues and threatening to break from the Warsaw Pact, getting rid of Stalin’s legacy

62
Q

Who was Nikita Krushchev?

A

Became the leader of the Soviet Union after Stalin and blames all the problems on Stalin. Calls for destalinization.

63
Q

Who was Imre Nagy?

A

The moderate communist that the Soviets put in place of Hungary to placate tensions there

64
Q

What was the Hungarian Crisis?

A

1956: Khrushchev comes to power and blames all the problems on Stalin. Destalinization happens throughout the empire, especially in Hungary. They threaten to break from Warsaw Pact, so Soviets put a moderate communist, Imre Nagy, in charge there. Nagy betrays the Soviets trust and announces their split from the Warsaw Pact. Soviets send army to supress uprising in Budapest. Nagy is shot and the rebellion is smashed.

65
Q

When Krushchev threatens to cut off road traffic to East Berlin, what was Ike’s response?

A

Said he would send a convoy if that happens, and Krushchev backs down

66
Q

Who was Gary Powers?

A

U2 spy plane pilot

67
Q

What was the U2 Crisis of 1960?

A

Soviets shot down a U2 spy plane flown by Gary Powers and U.S. denied it was a spy plane, calling it a weather plane. Soviets announce that Powers is alive, so Ike takes responsibility and trades Powers for a Soviet prisoner

68
Q

What did Ike say in his farewell address on January 17th 1961?

A

He urges U.S. to keep army built up and warns against disarmament, and recognized you can’t let the military run the country

69
Q

How did the American public react to Eisenhower’s heart attacks?

A

People called the hospital asking to donate thier own hearts

70
Q

What was the Bay of Pigs invasion?

A

Fidel Castro comes to power in Cuba and the Eisenhower administration liked Castro for a while because he promoted democracy. Granted him formal recognition as the ruler. Castro didn’t live up to his promises because he had been influenced by Marxism and communism. Castro moved to seize 1 billion dollars of U.S. land in Cuba and ordered mass executions of Batista supporters. Eisenhower slapped an embargo on on Cuba and withdrew diplomatic recognition. Eisenhower granted approval to the CIA planning a coup d’ tat to take Cuban anti-Castro immigrants in US and put them back in Cuba to encourage a revolution in Cuba. Kennedy learns of the plans and makes it happen. It was a severe failure.

71
Q

What was the Vienna conference?

A

Krushchev and Kennedy meet face to face. This was ill advised because Kennedy still had lots to learn and he was coming from a position of weakness after the Bay of Pigs debacle

72
Q

What does Krushchev do to keep traffic out of East Berlin?

A

He builds the Berlin Wall after threatening the U.S. Kennedy panicked and told Americans to prepare for nuclear war, but he builds the wall instead in 1961

73
Q

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

Krushchev fortified Cuba with nuclear missiles after Operation Mongoose (schemes to try to kill Castro and bring down his administration) Kennedy calls for a quarantine of Cuba

74
Q

When was Kennedy assasinated?

A

November 22, 1963 in Dallas.

75
Q

Who assasinated Kennedy?

A

Lee Harvey Oswold, who was later assasinated as well by Jack Ruby

76
Q

Who signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964?q

A

Lyndon B. Johnson signed it as a memorial to Kennedy

77
Q

What happened in the election of 1964?

A

Johnson runs for the presidency and Republicans Barry Goldwater from Arizona. Johnson won in a landslide

78
Q

What famous ad did the Johnson campaign run against Goldwater?

A

The ad that showed nuclear war

79
Q

What was “The Great Society”?

A

government programs to help the economy.

80
Q

What was Medicare?

A

It was a health insurance program for the elderly that proved to be problematic. Medical expenses and inflation increased because of it.

81
Q

How did the Civil Rights movement begin to unravel in the mid 1960’s?

A

The movement splintered because some felt that MLK was not hard enough. Black Panthers form to fight hate with hate Malcolm X part of the Black Muslims

82
Q

What was the Tonkin Gulf Resolution?

A

In August 1974, Johnson announces that the Vietminh had attacked American ships in the Tonkin Gulf, though he was wrong about the attack. Congress grants him the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, which means to take all necessary measures to prevent further aggression with Vietnam.

83
Q

How did the Vietnam War progress?

A

By February 1965, Vietcong had taken over the Vietminh and were communistic fighting in South Vietnam. American forces and Johnson begin bombing North Vietnam

84
Q

What was Operation Rolling Thunder?

A

The operation to bomb Northern Vietnmam

85
Q

Why was 1968 such a hard year for Americans?

A

Because MLK and Bobby Kennedy were assasinated that year. Protests at the Democratic Convention also hurt the party.

86
Q

What was the Tet Offensive?

A

The Vietcong launched suprise attack on American troops in Saigon. Americans counterattacked and regained all the land back and inflicted severe death count on the Vietcong. It was a massive American victory, though the Press portrayed it as otherwise

87
Q

What happened at the Democratic Convention?

A

Leftists protest at the liberal party’s convention after Humphrey beat out McCarthy for the nomination

88
Q

What was Vietnamization?

A

training the South Vietnamese to defend themselves

89
Q

Who was Henry Kissinger?

A

Foreign Relations Adviser to Nixon, approved detante

90
Q

What was the detante with China and Soviets?

A

Detante means relaxation of tension between two countries. U.S. and china established liason offices in each others countries, though U.S. hadn’t formally recognized China’s government. Soviet Union feared the new friendship so Nixon visits Russia later in 1972 which leads to signed agreements to limit the nuclear arms race.

91
Q

Who was George McGovern?

A

Democratic nomination in the 1972 election

92
Q

What was the Watergate Scandal?

A

McGovern complained about dirty dealings in the Nixon administration, specifically burlgars broke into the Democratic National Convention Headquarters at Watergate Hotel to sabotage McGovern for the election. No one knew if Nixon really was involved, but it was suspicious that he tried to hide the burglary. Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP). Led to Nixon’s resignation BEFORE he could be impeached.

93
Q

What was Gerald Ford’s path to the presidency?

A

He was the only president to not be elected to the presidency OR the vice presidency

94
Q

What two famous people did Ford pardon while president?

A

Nixon and Robert E. Lee

95
Q

What was Jimmy Carter’s background?

A

He was from Georgia, an officer in the Navy, and a peanut farmer

96
Q

What were the Camp David Accords?

A

1978: Israel would pull out of the Sinai Penninsula if Egypt grants diplomatic recognition to Israel. Probably Carter’s biggest accomplishment

97
Q

What was the Iranian Hostage Crisis?

A

1979: Iran revolutionaries overthrow the Shah (pro-western) ruler. Iranian economy was weak and he used secret police and didn’t like his pro-western ideas. Ayatokan Khomeini became new ruler. Carter granted the Shah passage to US to recieve treatment for hs cancer and angry Shiites captured 66 Americans at the embassy in Iran

98
Q

What happened in Afghanistan in 1979?

A

Soviet Union sent troops there to help the communist government. Mujahiden, Islamic freedom fighters threatened the government. Carter condemned the attack.

99
Q

What was the economy like under Carter?

A

Sluggish with inflation and unemployment

100
Q

What locally famous guy did Reagan credit as being an influence in his thinking?

A

George Benson

101
Q

In what 3 ways did Reagan attack communism?

A

1.) Battles it rhetorically 2.) increased U.S. defense spending 3.) Proxy wars (giving money to those fighting against the Soviets

102
Q

What game-changing weapons did Reagan order to be shipped to the Mujahadeen in 1986?

A

Stinger missiles to help shoot down Soviet helicopters.

103
Q

What was SDI?

A

Strategic Defense Initiative (program to shoot down Soviet missiles) the press called it “Star Wars”

104
Q

What are the six comparisons between FDR and Reagan?

A
  1. ) Both were effective speakers- FDR’s fireside chats and Reagans rhetoric and moving speeches
  2. ) Both projected an optomistic view of America
  3. )Both men were tremendously popular- both drew constituents from people who usually voted against that particular party. FDR drew blacks and Reagan drew blue-collar voters
  4. ) Both were pragmatic: could compromise on things if they needed to
  5. ) Both promised balanced budgets but failed to deliver
  6. ) Both presided over great victories in foreign policy- FDR: WWII, Reagan: Cold War but both weren’t in office when these victories came

U.S. History after 1920 (1 decks)

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