Final Exam

Question 1

Why is the scope of chemistry so vast?

Answer 1

Everything is made of matter!

Question 2

5 areas of chemistry

Answer 2

Analytical chemistry
Organic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry 
Physical chemistry
Biochemistry

Question 3

Matter

Answer 3

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 4

Organic chemistry

Answer 4

Study of compounds containing carbon

Question 5

Inorganic chemistry

Answer 5

Study of substances that do not contain carbon

Question 6

Biochemistry

Answer 6

Studies processes that take place in organisms

Question 7

Analytical chemistry

Answer 7

Focuses on the composition of matter

Question 8

Physical chemistry

Answer 8

Deals w/mechanism, rate, and energy transfer when matter undergoes a change

Question 9

Pure chemistry

Answer 9

Pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake

Question 10

Applied chemistry

Answer 10

Research directed toward a practical goal/application

Question 11

3 reasons to study chemistry

Answer 11

Explain the natural world, prepare for career opportunities, produce informed citizens

Question 12

4 outcomes of modern chemistry research

Answer 12

Leads to technologies that:

1. Benefit the environment
2. Conserve and produce energy
3. Improve human life
4. Expand knowledge of the universe

Question 13

Technology

Answer 13

The means by which a society provides its members with things needed and desired

Question 14

How did Lavoisier transform chemistry?

Answer 14

He transformed it from a science of observation into a science of measurement

Question 15

Steps in scientific method

Answer 15

1. Make an observation
2. Form a hypothesis
3. Test the hypothesis
4. Develop a theory

Question 16

What role do collaboration and communication play in science?

Answer 16

Increase the likelihood of a successful outcome

Question 17

Mass

Answer 17

Measure of the amount of matter an object contains

Question 18

Volume

Answer 18

Measure of the space occupied by an object

Question 19

Extensive property

Answer 19

Property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

Question 20

Intensive property

Answer 20

Property that depends on the type of matter in a sample

Question 21

Substance

Answer 21

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition

Question 22

Physical property

Answer 22

Can be observed/measured without changing the substance’s composition

Question 23

Solid

Answer 23

Form of matter that has a definite shape and volume

Question 24

Liquid

Answer 24

Form of matter that flows, has a fixed volume, and an indefinite shape

Question 25

Gas

Answer 25

Form of matter that takes the shape and volume of its container; no definite shape or volume

Question 26

Vapor

Answer 26

Gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature (ex. "water vapor")

Question 27

Physical change

Answer 27

Change during which some physical properties of a material change, but its composition doesn't change

Question 28

Why do all samples of a substance have the same intensive properties?

Answer 28

They all have the same composition

Question 29

How can physical changes be classified?

Answer 29

As reversible or irreversible

Question 30

Mixture

Answer 30

Physical blend of two or more substances that aren't chemically combined

Question 31

How can mixtures be classified?

Answer 31

As heterogenous or homogenous

Question 32

Heterogenous mixture

Answer 32

Mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout

Question 33

Homogenous mixture

Answer 33

Mixture that has a uniform composition | Aka a solution

Question 34

Phase

Answer 34

Any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties

Question 35

Filtration

Answer 35

Process that separates a solid from a liquid in heterogenous mixture

Question 36

Distillation

Answer 36

Process used to separate components of a mixture using differences in boiling points

Question 37

Element

Answer 37

The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties

Question 38

Compound

Answer 38

Substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportion

Question 39

How do compounds differ from elements?

Answer 39

Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances; elements cannot

Question 40

Chemical change

Answer 40

Change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter

Question 41

How can substances and mixtures be distinguished?

Answer 41

If the composition is fixed, it's a substance. If the composition may vary, it's a mixture

Question 42

Chemical symbol

Answer 42

One-or two-letter representation of an element

Question 43

Period

Answer 43

Horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

Question 44

Group

Answer 44

A vertical column of elements in the periodic table

Question 45

Measurement

Answer 45

Quantity that has a number and unit

Question 46

Multiplying numbers in sci notation

Answer 46

Multiply coefficients, add exponents

Question 47

Dividing numbers in sci notation

Answer 47

Divide coefficients, subtract the exponent in the denominator from the exponent in the numerator

Question 48

Adding and subtracting numbers in sci notation

Answer 48

First, align the exponents by moving the decimal points, then add or subtract the coefficients

Question 49

Accuracy

Answer 49

Closeness of a measurement to the true value of what is being measured

Question 50

Precision

Answer 50

The closeness or reproducibility of a set of measurements take under same conditions

Question 51

Accepted value

Answer 51

A quantity used by general agreement of the scientific community

Question 52

Experimental value

Answer 52

Quantitative value measured during an experiment

Question 53

Error

Answer 53

Experimental value - accepted value

Question 54

Percent error

Answer 54

absolute value of error/accepted value x 100%

Question 55

Significant figures

Answer 55

All the digits that can be known precisely in a measurement, plus a last estimated digit

Question 56

Adding/subtracting with sig figs

Answer 56

Answer should be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the least number of decimal places

Question 57

Multiplying/dividing with sig figs

Answer 57

Answer should be rounded to the same number of sig figs as the measurement with the least number of sig figs