Final Exam Flashcards
Why did the US not apply the neutrality acts to the war between Japan and China?
The US needed to help China; Needed to use trade as a way to stop Japan’s war against China; Used trade to stop Japan from attacking other countries that have supplies Japan needs
What was the US response to Japan taking two Chinese islands in the South China Sea?
The US refused to renew its trade treaty with Japan and would stop selling supplies to Japan in 1940
Japan got ______ of its raw materials from the US
Half
What became of the colonies of France and Holland in Asia after Hitler defeated them?
The colonies were left ripe for a Japanese take over
What actions did Japan take against China in 1940?
Japan increased its military actions against China and in September 1940 Japan took over the northern part of French Indo-China
What did the US do in response to the Japanese take over of French Indo-China?
It cut off sales of aviation gas and the highest grade of scrap iron to japan; later cut off all sales of scrap iron and steel to Japan
Who became president after FDR passed away in 1945?
Truman
What kind of bomb was dropped on Hiroshima?
A-Bomb
What country did russia invade after declaring war on Japan?
Manchuria
After Hiroshima, Japan was warned of a second bombing on which city?
Nagasaki
What events caused friction between the US and Russia?
Russia forced a Communist govt on Romania; Russia failed to allow Poland to set up a broadly based govt; Overuse of the veto in the Security Council; Argument over how much German land should be given to Poland - Russia helped Poland get the land she wanted
Stalin spoke of an irreconcilable tension between __________ and ___________
Communism and Capitalism
What country did Russia refuse to withdraw troops from until pressure and threats from the US and Britain to protect that country?
Iran
Why was Iran occupied by Russia and Britain in late 1941?
It was used to set up a supply route from the West to Russia
What were the grounds of the Treaty signed by Britain Russia, and Iran allowing Britain and Russia to occupy Iran?
Russia and Britain were to withdraw as soon as the war was over, but Russia stayed after the war and continued to send in more troops
What did Russia do before withdrawing from Manchuria in 1946?
Russia helped Communists in Manchuria get Japanese equipment and arms to fight Chiang Kai Shek and the Nationalists
What countries were Russia trying to consolidate control of?
Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia
What was the Truman Doctrine?
Truman’s belief that America’s policy should be to “support” free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressure; wanted to provide military aid for Greece and turkey as well as send in military advisers
What was the Marshall Plan (European Recovery Plan)?
The idea was that the US expressed willingness to aid nations which agreed to coordinate their efforts for economic recovery - all of Europe could participate
What was Point Four?
Point Four was a program proposed by Truman during his inaugural address in 1949. The US was to make its scientific advances and industrial programs available to underdeveloped countries of the world such as those in Latin America, India, and Indonesia
What were the provisions of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?
The US and 11 other countries signed a pact pledging each nation to aid each other in case of attack; an attack on one would be an attack on all; Countries would do what they deemed necessary to stop attack including the use of armed forces
Who did the US send to China in a failed attempt to set up a coalition government?
George C Marshall
Who was placed as the head of the Peoples’ Republic of China after the Communists took over?
Mao Tse-Tung
What part of Korea did Russia set up a communist government in?
North Korea
After the US failed to unify Korea and the issue was turned over to the UN, what actions were taken?
The UN appointed a commission to supervise an election for unification, but since Russia would not allow the Commission into the North the election was held only in the South setting up the Republic of Korea
What was the UN reaction to the North Korean declaration of war on South Korea?
The UN passed a resolution calling on its members to give military assistance to South Korea
Who headed the UN forces that were sent to Korea?
Douglas MacArthur
Why was the head of UN troops relieved of command by Truman?
The commander wanted to bomb Manchuria or Red China’s territory
What was the Fair Deal?
It was a continuation and expansion of the New Deal, or in some cases, an updating and improvement of the New Deal
What are the details of the Atomic energy act?
The bill vested complete control in an Atomic Energy Commission composed of five civilians. It also gave the president alone the power to order the use of the atomic bomb
What did the National Security Act of 1947 do?
Overhauled the defense structure by creating a single department, headed by a Secretary of defense with a cabinet rank, called the National Military Establishment; formalized the joint chiefs of staff; created the CIA; created the National Security Council
Who was the first Secretary of Defense?
James V Forrestall
What were the provisions of the Presidential Succession Act of 1947?
It placed the speaker of the house and president pro-tempore of the Senate ahead of Secretary of State and other cabinet members in line of succession after the Vice President
What was the amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act?
Increased minimum wages from 40 to 75 cents
What did the amendment to Social security in 1950 do?
It added self employed, professors, farm workers, and domestic servants as well as increasing the benefits for those already covered
What did the housing act of 1949 do?
It authorized the construction of 810000 units for low income groups during a six year period; urban renewal and low rent apartments
Taft-hartley bill
Designated to regulate labor unions; outlawed certain business practices such as refusal to bargain in good faith, secondary boycotts, and the closed shop; Union shops were permitted were there was not a state law to the contrary
What was the National Health Insurance program?
Prepaid medical, dental, and hospital care for all people financed by payroll tax on employers and employees as well as federal subsidies
Who opposed federal aid for education and why?
The Catholic Church opposed it because it did not favor aid for religious schools
Who opposed federal aid to education and why?
The Catholic Church opposed federal ad to education because it did not favor aid for religious schools
In order to secure civil rights for all people, what was the suggestion of the committee that Truman set up?
Strengthen the civil rights division of the Justice Department; use FBI in cases involving civil rights; anti-lynching and anti-poll tax laws
Why did Truman fail to get the legislation to carry out the recommendations of the committee on civil rights?
The South threatened to filibuster
What actions did Truman take after failure to get legislation to do what the commission on civil rights recommended?
He strengthened the civil rights division; began using the justice department to aid private citizens in civil right; appointed the first black governor of the Virgin Islands; appointed the first back to be a federal judge; began ending segregation in the government and in the armed forces
What did the McCarran-Internal Security Act do?
Required communist organizations to register with the attorney general and provide complete memberships, lists and financial statements and periodic reports; stated that membership was not illegal , but it was illegal to combine, conspire, or agree to perform acts which would establish a totalitarian regime; set up a Subversive Activities Control board
What Groups did the McCarran-Internal Security Act apply to?
Communist and communist-inspired groups
Why was the McCarran-Internal Security Act overturned?
The supreme court ruled that it violated the 5th amendment protection against self incrimination
What was the McCarran-Walter Immigration act to do?
Gave the Justice Department the power to deport immigrants accused of subversion even after they become citizens
Why did Truman try to veto the McCarran-Walter Immigration Act?
He felt it was too sweeping because no standards or definitions were given to provide the operations of the bill; he also felt that it was wrong to punish undefined activitities
Who won the presidency in the election of 1952?
Eisenhower won out over Stevenson
Who was Eisenhower’s Secretary and Treasury?
George Humphrey
What was Eisenhower’s view on power?
He advocated neither expansionism nor withdrawal of federal activity but instead partnership between govt and industry
What was Eisenhower’s view on power?
He advocated neither expansionism nor withdrawal of federal activity but instead partnership between govt and industry
Who opposed federal aid to education and why?
The Catholic Church opposed federal ad to education because it did not favor aid for religious schools
In order to secure civil rights for all people, what was the suggestion of the committee that Truman set up?
Strengthen the civil rights division of the Justice Department; use FBI in cases involving civil rights; anti-lynching and anti-poll tax laws
Why did Truman fail to get the legislation to carry out the recommendations of the committee on civil rights?
The South threatened to filibuster
What actions did Truman take after failure to get legislation to do what the commission on civil rights recommended?
He strengthened the civil rights division; began using the justice department to aid private citizens in civil right; appointed the first black governor of the Virgin Islands; appointed the first back to be a federal judge; began ending segregation in the government and in the armed forces
What did the McCarran-Internal Security Act do?
Required communist organizations to register with the attorney general and provide complete memberships, lists and financial statements and periodic reports; stated that membership was not illegal , but it was illegal to combine, conspire, or agree to perform acts which would establish a totalitarian regime; set up a Subversive Activities Control board
What Groups did the McCarran-Internal Security Act apply to?
Communist and communist-inspired groups
Why was the McCarran-Internal Security Act overturned?
The supreme court ruled that it violated the 5th amendment protection against self incrimination
What was the McCarran-Walter Immigration act to do?
Gave the Justice Department the power to deport immigrants accused of subversion even after they become citizens
Why did Truman try to veto the McCarran-Walter Immigration Act?
He felt it was too sweeping because no standards or definitions were given to provide the operations of the bill; he also felt that it was wrong to punish undefined activitities
Who won the presidency in the election of 1952?
Eisenhower won out over Stevenson
Who was Eisenhower’s Secretary and Treasury?
George Humphrey
What did Eisenhower do to aid credit slumps like that of 1958?
He sped up projects i highway construction, federal aid to housing, college dormitory construction, and the awarding of urban renewal and defense contracts
What was Eisenhower’s view on power?
He advocated neither expansionism nor withdrawal of federal activity but instead partnership between govt and industry
What did the Submerged Land Act do?
It gave states the title to oil out to their historic boundaries, but the federal govt would own anything beyond that limit