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Public Health > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 things that motivational interviewing uses

A

Collaborative, evocative, honoring the patients autonomy

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2
Q

MI has 4 rules what are they

A

R-resist righting reflex
U-understand patients motivation
L-listen to patient
E-empower patient to change

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3
Q

What is the best style of communication to support change

A

Guiding style

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4
Q

What are the 3 forms of communication

A

Following, directing, guiding

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5
Q

What is the AIL guide

A

Ask
Listen
Inform

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6
Q

What are the types of change talk

A

DARN CT

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7
Q

What does darn ct stand for?

A 
D-desire
A-ability
R-reasons
N-need
C-commitment
T-taking steps
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8
Q

Maternal health definition

A

Health of a woman in childbearing years including pre pregnancy, pregnancy, and those caring for young children

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9
Q

Maternal mortality definition

A

Death of a woman within 42 days or termination of pregnancy or while pregnant related to any cause from pregnancy

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10
Q

When is prenatal care needed

A

Time of conception to birth

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11
Q

How many times more likely to die or born early without prenatal care

A

3x more likely for low birth

4x more likely to die in infancy

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12
Q

Infant mortality definition

A

Death of child under 1 year

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13
Q

Low weight babies are how many times more likely of infant mortality

A

4x

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14
Q

What is the definition of premature

A

Before 37 weeks gestation

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15
Q

Leading cause of low birth weight babies is what

A

Smoking during pregnancy

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16
Q

In the us how many babies die from SIDS

A

2,500 (low 1900 now)

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17
Q

How long should infants be exclusively fed by breast milk

A

First 6 months of life

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18
Q

What is so important about breast milk

A

Immune function, optimal growth, and development

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19
Q

Low weight babies are how many times more likely of infant mortality

A

4x

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20
Q

What is the definition of premature

A

Before 37 weeks gestation

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21
Q

Leading cause of low birth weight babies is what

A

Smoking during pregnancy

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22
Q

In the us how many babies die from SIDS

A

2,500 (low 1900 now)

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23
Q

How long should infants be exclusively fed by breast milk

A

First 6 months of life

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24
Q

What is so important about breast milk

A

Immune function, optimal growth, and development

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25
Q

Number one cause of childhood morbidity and mortality

A

Unintentional injury

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26
Q

Who administers WIC program

A

USDA

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27
Q

Who does the WIC program help

A

Pregnant women, postpartum, breastfeeding woman, infants, and children under age 5

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28
Q

Are baby walkers recommended

A

No

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29
Q

Why are baby walkers bad

A

Don’t develop crawl phenomenon, no brain wiring, accidents down stairs

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30
Q

What is the clean air act of 1990

A

Passed 1963
Watch Particulate matter and ground level ozone
Heavy fines if levels are too high

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31
Q

What gas is a big source of pollutant in air

A

Radon

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32
Q

How much of the planet is covered in water

A

70

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33
Q

How much water is fresh and accessible

A

3% fresh and 1% accessible

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34
Q

What is an aquifer

A

Underground soil formation saturated with water and available for human use by pumping

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35
Q

WBDO

A

Water exposure which at least 2 people have been epidemiologically linked to drinking water

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36
Q

What are EDCs

A

Endocrine disrupting chemicals aka xenoestrogens

37
Q

Quality of municipal drinking water done by

A

Epa

38
Q

Extraterrestrial vs terrestrial vs internal

A

Extra- sun and outer space
Ter- earths minerals
Int- body from ingestion

39
Q

What type of Ray is harmful

A

UVB

40
Q

What is the NCIPC

A

National center for injury prevention and control

41
Q

Who established the NCIPC

A

Cdc

42
Q

Leading causes of death

A

Unintentional injury, homicide, suicide

43
Q

What is the leading cause of injury in older adults

A

Falls

44
Q

Health promotion

A

The process of improving the health of a population by enabling people to increase control over their health

45
Q

Health education

A

The communication of information intended to improve knowledge about health in order to encourage people to take action to improve their health

46
Q

Trans-theoretical model of behavior change

A

biopsychosocial model- Essentially a self-help approach that views successful lifestyle change as possible, but only with considerable planning

47
Q

steps of trans-theoretical model of behavioral change

A 
1-precontemplation
2-contemplation
3-preparation
4-action
5-maintenance
6-termination
48
Q

precontemplation

A

Person may be unaware of need for change or feels he or she
can’t change

Consciousness-raising is a key strategy

49
Q

contemplation

A

beginning to think about change

50
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

internal conflict

51
Q

emotional arousal

A

heightened physiological activities and extremes of emotion

52
Q

preparation

A

planning to take action

SMART goals

53
Q

action

A

overt changes

rewards and incentives

54
Q

maintenance

A

retain the gains and prevent relapse

55
Q

termination

A

ultimate goal

56
Q

ambivalence

A

a state of mind in which a person has coexisting but conflicting feelings about some things

57
Q

infant ages

A

less than 1

58
Q

child ages

A

1-14

59
Q

how many pregnancies are unintentional

A

1/2

60
Q

environmental health

A

study and managements of environmental conditions that affect the health and wellbeing of humans

61
Q

FEMA

A

federal emergency management agency- prepares communities for all hazards and manages the federal response and recovery efforts after any national incident

62
Q

Major source of solid waste

A

agricultural

63
Q

RCRA

A

resource conservation and recovery act-1976- disposal of solid and hazardous waste

64
Q

Where is the MC site of solid waste

A

sanitary landifills

65
Q

where is the 2nd site for solid waste

A

combustion (incineration)

66
Q

How do we dispose of hazardous waste management

A

deep well injection

67
Q

what are brownfields

A

abandonded industrial sites where clean up and reuse are difficult

68
Q

global warming

A

caused in part by greenhouse gases which hold in heat→chloroflourocarbons, and carbon dioxide

69
Q

how much have harmful air toxins reduced by

A

70%

70
Q

What is the key component of environmental health

A

70% of planet is covered with water

71
Q

What percent of the world’s population has no access to basic sanitation and clean water

A

42%

72
Q

EDC

A

Endocrine-disruption chemicals

AKA: Xenoestrogens

73
Q

Domestic water treatment

A

(1) Coagulation and flocculation (Alum)
(2) Sedimentation
(3) Filtration: carbon and sand filters
(4) Disinfection: Chlorine, ozone, and UV light

74
Q

natural radiation

A

extraterrestrial radiation (sun and outer space), terrestrial (earth’s minerals), and internal (inside the body from digestion)

75
Q

human made radiation

A

X-rays, nuclear medicine, consumer products, nuclear power plants, nuclear weapons

76
Q

what type of UV light causes most harm to humans

A

UVB

77
Q

Lead

A

naturally occurring mineral element that is found throughout the environment and used in industrial products

78
Q

Injuries

A

unintentional or intentional damage to the body resulting from acute exposure to thermal, mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy or from the absence of such essentials as heat or oxygen (frostbite, hypoxia)

79
Q

intentional injuries

A

deliberately inflicted harm→also referred to as violence

Account of 1/3 of all injuries

80
Q

unintentional injuries

A

unplanned injuries sustained in fires, falls, poisonings, drowning and traffic-related incidents

Leading cause of death among persons < 44 years of age

81
Q

top 3 causes of unintentinal injuries

A

(1) traffic crashes→(2) poisoning→ (3) falls

82
Q

What percentage of traffic crash deaths are caused by alcohol

A

40%

83
Q

Poisonings

A

deaths almost always caused by drugs

Mainly opioid pain medications, followed by cocaine and heroin

84
Q

How many adults 65 and older fall each year in the US

A

1/3

85
Q

What is the total direct cost of low back injury

A

90 billion/year

86
Q

Where is the most affected area of the body by musculoskeletal disorders

A

trunk

87
Q

What is cumulative trauma disorders

A

repetitive stress injuries

88
Q

Washington state story

A

chiros included in work comp

89
Q

What is the prevalence of lifetime MSK condition

A

85%

Public Health (2 decks)

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