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Physiological Psychology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The mind – body solution proposed by René Descartes was inspired by

A

His observation of mechanical statues in a Royal garden

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2
Q

Important function of the corpus callosum is to

A

Interconnect the cerebral hemispheres

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3
Q

Which of the following functions is associated with the right hemisphere

A

The control of muscles of the left side of the body

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4
Q

The doctrine of specific nerve energies was proposed by

A

Johannes Müller

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5
Q

A serious complication of physiological analyses of behavior is that

A

Different physiological mechanisms may produce identical behaviors

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6
Q

Genetic mutations involve

A

Accidental changes in the chromosomes of sperms or eggs

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7
Q

The neuron region that resembles a tree is the

A

Dendrites

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8
Q

The physical gap between two nerve cells across which messages are transmitted is the

A

Synapse

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9
Q

An impaired ability to sense temperature and touch might be expected after damage to which type of nerve cell

A

Unipolar neurons

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10
Q

The process of phagocytosis involves

A

The removal of neuronal debris

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11
Q

Toxic substances in the blood are detected at the _____ which in turn triggers vomiting

A

Area postrema

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12
Q

The giant squid axon is specialized for which of the following

A

Rapid contraction of the squid mantle which propels the squid away from danger

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13
Q

Which of the following is a consequence of the activity of the sodium-potassium transporters

A

Intracellular sodium concentrations are kept low

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14
Q

Neuronal signals are carried across the synapse by

A

The secretion of transmitter molecules into the synapse

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15
Q

The key symptom of myasthenia gravis is

A

Fatigability

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16
Q

The term “dorsum” means ____, while the term “ventrum” means ____.

A

Back; belly

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17
Q

Which structure is part of the peripheral nervous system

A

Peripheral ganglia

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18
Q

The brain and spinal cord form the

A

Central nervous system

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19
Q

The middle layer of the brain meninges is the

A

Arachnoid membrane

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20
Q

Recent studies indicate the neurogenesis in the ____ is suppressed by ____.

A

Hippocampus; stress

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21
Q

Unilateral neglect is associated with damage to the

A

Right side of the brain

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22
Q

The motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

A

Can be treated using L – DOPA

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23
Q

The primary route of excretion of drugs from the body is via the

A

Kidneys

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24
Q

Drugs that black or inhibit postsynaptic receptor effects are termed

A

Antagonists

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25
Q

The primary means by which the postsynaptic action of acetylcholine is terminated is via

A

Enzymatic distruction by acetylcholinesterase

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26
Q

Which neurotransmitter acts to promote vigilance

A

Norepinephrine

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27
Q

Which of the following represents a problem for interpreting the effects of a brain lesion on behavior

A

No one circuit is solely responsible for a behavior

28
Q

Stereotaxically guided lesions in humans have been used to treat

A

Parkinson’s disease

29
Q

Which of the following is true of acute recording studies of rat brain electrical activity

A

Acute studies focus on memory function

30
Q

Damage to dopamine neurons in the human brain can be detected using

A

PET scans of radioactive L-DOPA concentrations in the basal ganglia

31
Q

Which person coined the term “reflexes” to describe certain bodily movements

A

René Descartes

32
Q

Which of the following have identical genotypes

A

Monozygotic twins

33
Q

What does the Cre-Iox Recombinase (“Brainbow”) technique allow scientists to study

A

It allows scientists to study the neural connections and structure of the brain

34
Q

Which of the following is true of the process of sensory transduction

A

Sensory cell receptor potentials directly control the release of neurotransmitters

35
Q

The function of the lens is to

A

Focus light onto the retina

36
Q

A disease that attacks the photoreceptors of the retinal periphery would be expected to

A

Impair night vision

37
Q

A key function of rod photoreceptors is to

A

Detect light under low levels of illumination

38
Q

The optic disc is the location on the retina

A

Where axons leave the eye join the optic nerve

39
Q

The lowest sound frequencies are encoded by

A

The rate at which neurons in the auditory system fire

40
Q

The formal name for the eardrum is the

A

Tympanic membrane

41
Q

Sound can be best thought of as

A

Changes in air pressure produced by the vibration of an object

42
Q

Adjacent regions of the basilar membrane and of the primary auditory cortex appear to respond best to different sound ____; these differences can be displayed as a ____ map.

A

Frequencies; Tonotopic

43
Q

Sudden changes in the rotation of the head are sensed by the

A

Semicircular canals

44
Q

The outer layer of skin is termed the

A

Epidermis

45
Q

Which of the following is known to decrease pain sensitivity

A

Opiate administration

46
Q

Olfactory receptors are located in the

A

Olfactory epithelium

47
Q

Which of the following findings support the memory consolidation theory of REM sleep

A

Deprivation of REM sleep results in poor learning and wraps

48
Q

The key symptom of narcolepsy is

A

An attack of sleep during the day

49
Q

Stages of sleep are easily distinguished by

A

Changes in the electrical activity of the brain

50
Q

Which of the following is a rhythm that tends to occur over a 90 minute.

A

A single non-REM/REM sleep cycle

51
Q

____ Is a sleep disorder that is the opposite of REM sleep behavior disorder

A

Cataplexy

52
Q

Prolonged sleep deprivation results in

A

Impaired mental concentration

53
Q

Caffeine promotes wakefulness because it is a(n)

A

Adenosine antagonist

54
Q

Circadian rhythms are

A

Endogenous cycles of activity over the course of the day

55
Q

The structures that comprise the Müllerian system are the precursors to the

A

Female internal sex organs

56
Q

People with Turner’s syndrome

A

Have no gonads

57
Q

A key effect of luteinizing hormone is to

A

Induce ovulation

58
Q

Which of the following conditions will block or diminish female rodent sexual behavior

A

Being in a nonestrous state

59
Q

Exposure to odors in human underarm sweat has been shown to

A

Synchronize menstrual cycles in women

60
Q

The difference between an organizational hormone affect in an activation alarm on the fact is that

A

Organizational effects are permanent

61
Q

The ____ integrates the components that comprise the emotion of fear.

A

Amygdala

62
Q

According to the James Lange theory feelings of emotions are

A

Produced by feedback from the behaviors and physiological responses caused by emotion producing situations

63
Q

Components of an emotional response include

A

Behavior, autonomic activity, and hormonal secretions

64
Q

A conditioned emotional response involves the pairing of a ___ with a(n) ____.

A

Neural stimulus; aversive emotion inducing stimulus

65
Q

Which of the following contribute to how our eyes are tricked by the illusion used in the video “vision and illusion”

A

The background of the image, and the ganglion that are encoding the focal objects signal at different rates

66
Q

Which of the following is an explanation for the higher acuity of the visual system at the fovea, relative to the periphery of the retina

A

A foveal ganglion cell may receive information from a single photoreceptor, where as a peripheral ganglion cell may receive information from multiple photoreceptors

Physiological Psychology (1 decks)

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