Final Exam Flashcards
The mind – body solution proposed by René Descartes was inspired by
His observation of mechanical statues in a Royal garden
Important function of the corpus callosum is to
Interconnect the cerebral hemispheres
Which of the following functions is associated with the right hemisphere
The control of muscles of the left side of the body
The doctrine of specific nerve energies was proposed by
Johannes Müller
A serious complication of physiological analyses of behavior is that
Different physiological mechanisms may produce identical behaviors
Genetic mutations involve
Accidental changes in the chromosomes of sperms or eggs
The neuron region that resembles a tree is the
Dendrites
The physical gap between two nerve cells across which messages are transmitted is the
Synapse
An impaired ability to sense temperature and touch might be expected after damage to which type of nerve cell
Unipolar neurons
The process of phagocytosis involves
The removal of neuronal debris
Toxic substances in the blood are detected at the _____ which in turn triggers vomiting
Area postrema
The giant squid axon is specialized for which of the following
Rapid contraction of the squid mantle which propels the squid away from danger
Which of the following is a consequence of the activity of the sodium-potassium transporters
Intracellular sodium concentrations are kept low
Neuronal signals are carried across the synapse by
The secretion of transmitter molecules into the synapse
The key symptom of myasthenia gravis is
Fatigability
The term “dorsum” means ____, while the term “ventrum” means ____.
Back; belly
Which structure is part of the peripheral nervous system
Peripheral ganglia
The brain and spinal cord form the
Central nervous system
The middle layer of the brain meninges is the
Arachnoid membrane
Recent studies indicate the neurogenesis in the ____ is suppressed by ____.
Hippocampus; stress
Unilateral neglect is associated with damage to the
Right side of the brain
The motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
Can be treated using L – DOPA
The primary route of excretion of drugs from the body is via the
Kidneys
Drugs that black or inhibit postsynaptic receptor effects are termed
Antagonists
The primary means by which the postsynaptic action of acetylcholine is terminated is via
Enzymatic distruction by acetylcholinesterase
Which neurotransmitter acts to promote vigilance
Norepinephrine
Which of the following represents a problem for interpreting the effects of a brain lesion on behavior
No one circuit is solely responsible for a behavior
Stereotaxically guided lesions in humans have been used to treat
Parkinson’s disease
Which of the following is true of acute recording studies of rat brain electrical activity
Acute studies focus on memory function
Damage to dopamine neurons in the human brain can be detected using
PET scans of radioactive L-DOPA concentrations in the basal ganglia
Which person coined the term “reflexes” to describe certain bodily movements
René Descartes
Which of the following have identical genotypes
Monozygotic twins
What does the Cre-Iox Recombinase (“Brainbow”) technique allow scientists to study
It allows scientists to study the neural connections and structure of the brain
Which of the following is true of the process of sensory transduction
Sensory cell receptor potentials directly control the release of neurotransmitters
The function of the lens is to
Focus light onto the retina
A disease that attacks the photoreceptors of the retinal periphery would be expected to
Impair night vision
A key function of rod photoreceptors is to
Detect light under low levels of illumination
The optic disc is the location on the retina
Where axons leave the eye join the optic nerve
The lowest sound frequencies are encoded by
The rate at which neurons in the auditory system fire
The formal name for the eardrum is the
Tympanic membrane
Sound can be best thought of as
Changes in air pressure produced by the vibration of an object
Adjacent regions of the basilar membrane and of the primary auditory cortex appear to respond best to different sound ____; these differences can be displayed as a ____ map.
Frequencies; Tonotopic
Sudden changes in the rotation of the head are sensed by the
Semicircular canals
The outer layer of skin is termed the
Epidermis
Which of the following is known to decrease pain sensitivity
Opiate administration
Olfactory receptors are located in the
Olfactory epithelium
Which of the following findings support the memory consolidation theory of REM sleep
Deprivation of REM sleep results in poor learning and wraps
The key symptom of narcolepsy is
An attack of sleep during the day
Stages of sleep are easily distinguished by
Changes in the electrical activity of the brain
Which of the following is a rhythm that tends to occur over a 90 minute.
A single non-REM/REM sleep cycle
____ Is a sleep disorder that is the opposite of REM sleep behavior disorder
Cataplexy
Prolonged sleep deprivation results in
Impaired mental concentration
Caffeine promotes wakefulness because it is a(n)
Adenosine antagonist
Circadian rhythms are
Endogenous cycles of activity over the course of the day
The structures that comprise the Müllerian system are the precursors to the
Female internal sex organs
People with Turner’s syndrome
Have no gonads
A key effect of luteinizing hormone is to
Induce ovulation
Which of the following conditions will block or diminish female rodent sexual behavior
Being in a nonestrous state
Exposure to odors in human underarm sweat has been shown to
Synchronize menstrual cycles in women
The difference between an organizational hormone affect in an activation alarm on the fact is that
Organizational effects are permanent
The ____ integrates the components that comprise the emotion of fear.
Amygdala
According to the James Lange theory feelings of emotions are
Produced by feedback from the behaviors and physiological responses caused by emotion producing situations
Components of an emotional response include
Behavior, autonomic activity, and hormonal secretions
A conditioned emotional response involves the pairing of a ___ with a(n) ____.
Neural stimulus; aversive emotion inducing stimulus
Which of the following contribute to how our eyes are tricked by the illusion used in the video “vision and illusion”
The background of the image, and the ganglion that are encoding the focal objects signal at different rates
Which of the following is an explanation for the higher acuity of the visual system at the fovea, relative to the periphery of the retina
A foveal ganglion cell may receive information from a single photoreceptor, where as a peripheral ganglion cell may receive information from multiple photoreceptors
