Final Exam Flashcards by Melissa Fultz

The mind – body solution proposed by René Descartes was inspired by

His observation of mechanical statues in a Royal garden

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Important function of the corpus callosum is to

Interconnect the cerebral hemispheres

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Which of the following functions is associated with the right hemisphere

The control of muscles of the left side of the body

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The doctrine of specific nerve energies was proposed by

Johannes Müller

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A serious complication of physiological analyses of behavior is that

Different physiological mechanisms may produce identical behaviors

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Genetic mutations involve

Accidental changes in the chromosomes of sperms or eggs

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The neuron region that resembles a tree is the

Dendrites

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The physical gap between two nerve cells across which messages are transmitted is the

Synapse

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An impaired ability to sense temperature and touch might be expected after damage to which type of nerve cell

Unipolar neurons

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The process of phagocytosis involves

The removal of neuronal debris

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Toxic substances in the blood are detected at the _____ which in turn triggers vomiting

Area postrema

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The giant squid axon is specialized for which of the following

Rapid contraction of the squid mantle which propels the squid away from danger

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Which of the following is a consequence of the activity of the sodium-potassium transporters

Intracellular sodium concentrations are kept low

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Neuronal signals are carried across the synapse by

The secretion of transmitter molecules into the synapse

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The key symptom of myasthenia gravis is

Fatigability

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The term “dorsum” means ____, while the term “ventrum” means ____.

Back; belly

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Which structure is part of the peripheral nervous system

Peripheral ganglia

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The brain and spinal cord form the

Central nervous system

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The middle layer of the brain meninges is the

Arachnoid membrane

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Recent studies indicate the neurogenesis in the ____ is suppressed by ____.

Hippocampus; stress

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Unilateral neglect is associated with damage to the

Right side of the brain

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The motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

Can be treated using L – DOPA

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The primary route of excretion of drugs from the body is via the

Kidneys

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Drugs that black or inhibit postsynaptic receptor effects are termed

Antagonists

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The primary means by which the postsynaptic action of acetylcholine is terminated is via

Enzymatic distruction by acetylcholinesterase

Which neurotransmitter acts to promote vigilance

Norepinephrine

Which of the following represents a problem for interpreting the effects of a brain lesion on behavior

No one circuit is solely responsible for a behavior

Stereotaxically guided lesions in humans have been used to treat

Parkinson's disease

Which of the following is true of acute recording studies of rat brain electrical activity

Acute studies focus on memory function

Damage to dopamine neurons in the human brain can be detected using

PET scans of radioactive L-DOPA concentrations in the basal ganglia

Which person coined the term "reflexes" to describe certain bodily movements

René Descartes

Which of the following have identical genotypes

Monozygotic twins

What does the Cre-Iox Recombinase ("Brainbow") technique allow scientists to study

It allows scientists to study the neural connections and structure of the brain

Which of the following is true of the process of sensory transduction

Sensory cell receptor potentials directly control the release of neurotransmitters

The function of the lens is to

Focus light onto the retina

A disease that attacks the photoreceptors of the retinal periphery would be expected to

Impair night vision

A key function of rod photoreceptors is to

Detect light under low levels of illumination

The optic disc is the location on the retina

Where axons leave the eye join the optic nerve

The lowest sound frequencies are encoded by

The rate at which neurons in the auditory system fire

The formal name for the eardrum is the

Tympanic membrane

Sound can be best thought of as

Changes in air pressure produced by the vibration of an object

Adjacent regions of the basilar membrane and of the primary auditory cortex appear to respond best to different sound ____; these differences can be displayed as a ____ map.

Frequencies; Tonotopic

Sudden changes in the rotation of the head are sensed by the

Semicircular canals

The outer layer of skin is termed the

Epidermis

Which of the following is known to decrease pain sensitivity

Opiate administration

Olfactory receptors are located in the

Olfactory epithelium

Which of the following findings support the memory consolidation theory of REM sleep

Deprivation of REM sleep results in poor learning and wraps

The key symptom of narcolepsy is

An attack of sleep during the day

Stages of sleep are easily distinguished by

Changes in the electrical activity of the brain

Which of the following is a rhythm that tends to occur over a 90 minute.

A single non-REM/REM sleep cycle

____ Is a sleep disorder that is the opposite of REM sleep behavior disorder

Cataplexy

Prolonged sleep deprivation results in

Impaired mental concentration

Caffeine promotes wakefulness because it is a(n)

Adenosine antagonist

Circadian rhythms are

Endogenous cycles of activity over the course of the day

The structures that comprise the Müllerian system are the precursors to the

Female internal sex organs

People with Turner's syndrome

Have no gonads

A key effect of luteinizing hormone is to

Induce ovulation

Which of the following conditions will block or diminish female rodent sexual behavior

Being in a nonestrous state

Exposure to odors in human underarm sweat has been shown to

Synchronize menstrual cycles in women

The difference between an organizational hormone affect in an activation alarm on the fact is that

Organizational effects are permanent

The ____ integrates the components that comprise the emotion of fear.

Amygdala

According to the James Lange theory feelings of emotions are

Produced by feedback from the behaviors and physiological responses caused by emotion producing situations

Components of an emotional response include

Behavior, autonomic activity, and hormonal secretions

A conditioned emotional response involves the pairing of a ___ with a(n) ____.

Neural stimulus; aversive emotion inducing stimulus

Which of the following contribute to how our eyes are tricked by the illusion used in the video "vision and illusion"

The background of the image, and the ganglion that are encoding the focal objects signal at different rates

Which of the following is an explanation for the higher acuity of the visual system at the fovea, relative to the periphery of the retina

A foveal ganglion cell may receive information from a single photoreceptor, where as a peripheral ganglion cell may receive information from multiple photoreceptors