Final Exam Flashcards
Target Audience
This group of people constitute who you are focuses on persuading
Attitudes
A relatively enduring set of beliefs around a person, group, idea, or event that predisposes an individual to respond in a particular way
Belief
The acceptance that something is true, even if we can’t prove that it is true
Values
A deeply held, stable conviction about what is good or bad, right or wrong with respect to human existence
Burden of proof
The obligation a persuasive speaker faces to provide sufficient reasons for changing what exists
Define terms
Status Quo
All of the laws, regulations, and attitudes that currently exist
Claim of value
This type of claim is concerned with what is right or wrong.
Claim of policy
This type of claim is concerned with laws or standards that should be changed
What should be done
Claim of fact
This type of claim is concerned with arguing what is or is not true, what does or does not exist.
Ad Hominem
What fallacy is being used when a speaker attacks the character of their opponent rather than the argument itself
Bandwagon fallacy
This fallacy suggest that something is correct or true because many other people agree with it or are doing it.
Slippery slope fallacy
This fallacy occurs when a speaker asserts that some event must inevitably follow from another on a steep decline toward disaster
Appeal to authority
An argument that rests on the assumption that because someone in authority says it is true, it must be so
Red Herring
The introduction or irrelevant information into an argument in an attempt to mask the real issue
“Passage of the DREAM act would allow undocumented access to higher education” This statement is an example of what concept within toulmin’s model?
Claim
“According to many wildlife conservation organizations, the sea turtle population is decreasing by 15% every year” this is an example of what concept from Toulmin’s model?
Evidence
“People value access to higher education” this statement is an example of what concept within Toulmin’s Model?
Warrant
No argument is true always, nor is it never true. Admitting that there are exceptions to a rule is called?
Qualifier
What aspect of persuasion is harmed if you do not address Qualifiers?
Credibility
Addressing objections to an argument is called a ?
Rebuttal
What type of rebuttal addresses one argument with another?
Counterarguments
Appealing to a person through rational proofs such an inductive or deductive reasoning shows that use of what persuasive element?
Logos
Appealing to a person through a reliance on personal credibility shows the use of what persuasive element?
Ethos
Appealing to a person through the use of emotionally charged messages shows the use of what persuasive element?
Pathos
Causal reasoning
The assertion that one condition causes another
What logical fallacy can be associated with causal reasoning?
False cause fallacy
Attempting to clarify a complex situation by comparing them with situations more familiar to an audience is what kind of reasoning?
Analogical reasoning
Ethos
Refers to credibility
Pathos
Appeals to emotion
Logos
Rational proofs you use to support the arguments you make in a persuasive speech
Inductive reasoning
from particular to general
Deductive reasoning
From general to specific
Causal reasoning
one condition beings about another
Analogical reasoning
compares unfamiliar to familiar
Fallacy
Unsound reasoning or evidence
Against the person
Ad hominem
Others are doing it
Bandwagon
Disaster follows
Slippery slope
Appeal to authority
must be true
Introduce irrelevant information
red herring
Fact
clear definitions creates ground we argue on
Tulimon’s model:
Claims:
statements
How to organize claims of fact?
Topical (topic), Spatial (location), Chronological (in time order)
Tulimon’s model:
Warrants:
links claims to evidence
Tulimin’s model
Qualifiers
Personal attack
Tulimin’s model:
Rebuttals
counter argument/ example
