Final exam Flashcards
Uses of TENS
- control/relieve pain
- reduce amount of dependency on pain meds
- provide the patient a more active role in their pain management
Conventional TENS parameters
- frequency = 100-150 Hz
- Pulse Duration= 50-80 micro s
- amplitude= strong but comfortable
- treatment duration 20-30 mins
How does TENS work
-gate control
Acupuncture like parameters
- frequency = 2-10 Hz
- pulse duration = 200-300 micro s
- Amplitude= strong visible contraction
How does acupuncture tens work
- brief sharp muscle twitches w/ stimulation of A-delta fibers
- Endogenous opioids relief up to 5 hours
How can you prevent accommodation with TENS
-sweep (frequency modulation)
TENS/Acupuncture contraindications
- pacemakers
- over carotid sinus
- venous or arterial thrombosis
- pelvis, abdomen, trunk and low back during pregnancy
How does NMES strengthen muscles
-overload principle (basically increase everything)
-specificity
(ES has more effect on type II muscles
How strong should the amplitude be for NMES
-maximally tolerated force
- 10% MVIC for injured
50% MVIC for uninjured
Pulse Duration for NMES
- 150-200 small muscles
- 200 -350 large muscles
Frequency for NMES
- 20-30 pps for small muscles
- 35-50 large muscles
50-80 can increase strength but also increase fatigue
On/Off ratio for NMES
1:5
Iontophoresis
transcutaneous delivery of ions into body using low amplitude direct current to insure unidirectional flow of ions
What are the basic principles of iontophoresis
-ions are created by dissolving a drug or chemical
-chosen drug depends on medical condition
-must be ionized, stable in solution, not altered by electrical current, and needs to be small or moderate in size
-treatment size should be small
-
What is the purpose of iontophoresis
-alternative method of drug delivery
