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Aphasia > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Stroke warning signs

A
  1. Sudden numbness
  2. Sudden tingling
  3. Sudden headache
  4. Sudden confusion
  5. Sudden trouble speaking
  6. Sudden balance issues
  7. Sudden trouble seeing
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2
Q

FAST

A

Face, Arms, Speech–Time to call 911!

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3
Q

How many people are affected by stroke each year?

A

795,000

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4
Q

How many strokes per year are first or new strokes?

A

610,00

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5
Q

What percentage of strokes are ischemic?

A

87%

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6
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack

A

Stroke that resolves within 24 hours; 1/2 fail to report, 1/4 die within one year

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7
Q

Which ethnicities are more prone to stroke?

A

African American and Hispanic (2-3x more likely than whites)

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8
Q

Layers of the brain

A
  1. Scalp
  2. Cranium
  3. Dura mater
  4. Arachnoid
  5. Subarachnoid space
  6. Pia mater
  7. Cerebral cortex
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9
Q

Central and Lateral fissure names

A

Rolandic and Sylvian

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10
Q

Broadmann’s Areas 44, 45

A

Broca’s aphasia

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11
Q

Broadmann’s Areas 22, 39, 40, 41, 42

A

Associated with Wernicke’s area

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12
Q

Arcuate fasciculus

A

Fibers that connect Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas–vital for repetition

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13
Q

Insula Cortex

A

Expressive language and motor speech

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14
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Very important for cognitive and language information

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15
Q

Internal Capsule

A

Contains both ascending and descending axons; damage can cause significant motor and sensory deficits

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16
Q

Internal corotid

A

Feeds into MCA, which covers majority of cortex

17
Q

Watershed regions

A

Regions without major blood supplies–more likely to be damaged in a stroke

18
Q

Ischemia v. Infarction

A

Tissue damage v. tissue death

19
Q

Thrombosis

A

Build up of plaque causing a blockage

20
Q

Embolism

A

Plaque travelling from elsewhere in the body, causing a blockage

21
Q

Hypoperfusion

A

Decreased bloodflow due to any of the above

22
Q

Penumbra

A

The area around the stroke where some neurons will recover and some will not

23
Q

Medical treatment for plaque

A

Surgical removal; tPA (for hemorrhagic only); stents

24
Q

Anteriovenous malformation (AVM)

A

Web of blood vessels, typically found in young adults

25
Q

Cerebral dominance

A

Left hemisphere in right-handed adults; right hemisphere for 15% of left-handed adults; bilateral for 15% of left-handed adults

26
Q

Aphasia is NOT

A
  1. Slurred speech
  2. confused langauge due to cognitive deficit
  3. Pragmatic problem
27
Q

Literal paraphasia

A

Phonologic errors

28
Q

Semantic paraphasia

A

semantically-related but incorrect word

29
Q

Limitations Localization Models

A

Damage to only Broca’s or Wernicke’s areas does not cause aphasia, but damage in other areas can

30
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A

Anterior lesions; deficits in fluency and word retrieval; agrammatic output, 3-4 words per breath; poor, nonfluent repetition; generally preserved receptive language and self-monitoring

31
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Posterior lesions; deficits in comprehension and self-monitoring; preserved fluency; paragrammatisms and neologisms

32
Q

Global aphasia

A

Severe impairments in all language functions; basic comprehension deficits; stereotypies in output

33
Q

Conduction aphasia

A

Lesions on the arcuate fasciculus; expression and comprehension are good but repetition is impaired; poor oral reading

34
Q

Transcortical aphasia

A

Motor–Broca’s+spared repetition

Sensory–Wernicke’s+spared repetition

35
Q

Interviewing guidelines

A
  1. Quiet place
  2. Consider including family
  3. make pt comfortable
  4. Explain who you are and why you’re here
  5. Get pt’s story
  6. Treat pt with respect
  7. Communicate on pt’s level
36
Q

Interviewing tips

A
  1. Ask open-ended questions
  2. Allow client to express feelings as well as physical symptoms
  3. Be cautious regarding how much information you provide and when
  4. Record information
37
Q

Stroke scales

A
  1. NIH–15 item exam for acute patients
  2. FIM–measures independence post-stroke
  3. Stroke Impact Scale
  4. BOSS (burden of stroke scale)`
38
Q

Modalities in Assessment

A

Input: Auditory and visual
output: spoken, written, and gestural

Aphasia (2 decks)

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