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SOSA 2503 > FINAL EXAM! > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM! Flashcards

1
Q

Impact of Globalization

A
  1. increased spread of disease
  2. reduce public health funding
  3. reduce gov. ability to enforce public health measures.
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2
Q

How does the industry control information about drugs?

A
  1. funding medical research
  2. funding conferences and CME
  3. educational materials
  4. advertising
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3
Q

Factors that contribute to the moralization of health

A
  1. Rise of secular morality
  2. Rise of Protestantism
    - individualism
    - self control
    - responsibility
  3. fear of harm to children
  4. association with marginalized groups
  5. favorable short-term cost/benefit ratio
    - people don’t want to pay a lot for a virtue
  6. confusion about cause
    - if there is no scientific evidence for a cause, it must be from a higher power
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4
Q

Four Historical Health Regimes

A
  1. Quarantine Regime
  2. Sanitary Science Regime
  3. Social Medicine Regime
  4. New Public Health Regime
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5
Q

Quarantine Regime

A

14th - mid-19th century
Threat = sick places
Response = quarantine
Responsible = state

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6
Q

Sanitary Science Regime

A

mid-19th - early 20th century
threat = contamination
response = sanitation
responsibility = state
Chadwick’s sanitary idea - epidemiology and public health were born.
Class ideology - concern for the the poor and their troubling state

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7
Q

Social Medicine Regime

A

late 20th century
threat = germs
response = hygiene
responsibility = individual

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8
Q

New Public Health Regime

A

1970 - now
threat = human action
response = personal lifestyle or political change
responsibility = individual or state (depending on the response)

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9
Q

Goffman’s view of framing

A

unintentional

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10
Q

Media Studies view of framing

A

intentional

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11
Q

Ghost writing - Not a problem

A
  • similar to co-authoring in universities which is not a problem.
  • the skill of writing is not considered valuable intellectual talent. doesn’t require this much attention.
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12
Q

Ghostwriting - the problem

A
  • plagiarism

- physicians get credit and get the move up the hierarchy more quickly without doing any work

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13
Q

Elliot - The ghost, white coat black hat - take home message

A
  • ghost writers and pharmaceutical company funding (through advertisements and funding for printing) largely indicate what will be present in medical journals.
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14
Q

Lextin - Profit First - take home message

A
  • companies hide the negative side of drugs for publication
  • mainly for financial reasons, the pharmaceutical industry is gaining more and more control over the quality of drugs released.
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15
Q

Carpenter - Health for Some

A

The have been real gains in health but poverty and health inequalities have increased in an era of globalization. Health gains are not secure due to negative activities of multinationals as well as ineffective governance

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16
Q

Dependency theory -

A

economic growth necessarily means improvement in health. NOT TRUE.

17
Q

Why has mortality decreased?

A
  • exportation of hazardous jobs
18
Q

Work place injury has also declined. Why?

A
  • not being reported
  • job security
  • do not expect compensation
19
Q

Knowles - The Responsibility of the Individual

A
  • Most improvements in health are do to improve sanitation, hygiene and cleanliness, Not medical/surgical therapies.
      • To improve health with individual responsibility, we need to even economic levels and improve access to health care
20
Q

Simple paradigm of medicine

A

one germ = one disease = one cure

21
Q

Reasons we wouldn’t change out lifestyle to be more health

A
  • demand for instant gratification
  • death and disease will be cured by science
  • die quickly so we don’t have to be old and the disease and stigma that comes with that.
  • physicians do not want to change the system
22
Q

Leichter - Lifestyle correctness

A
  • secular morality has made health a state of grace.
  • way to set social boundaries on what is (un)acceptable.
  • means of social control through guilt/morality.
23
Q

Solomon & Green - The History of Non-Medical Opiate Use

A
  • The “drug problem” had/has little to do with the physiological effects of the drug and more to do with political, moral, and social factors.
  • Laws got increasingly stricter over time until white kids starts smoking pot in the 60s, now criticized for being too harsh
24
Q

Why was there an opium concern?

A

hostility against chinese immigrants, not physical harm

25
Q

1908

A

opium act

26
Q

1920

A

clinic program collapsed

RCMP

27
Q

Image of the addict

A

morally benign -> fiendish criminial obsessed with lust and greed

28
Q

1950

A

addiction = social medical problem, not crime - introduced, but ignored by Feds.

29
Q

Gregg & Saha - the (mis)use of culture in medical education

A
  • use of culture to mask racism
  • patients do not fit in a predetermined cultural box and a single understating of cultural context is not always completely true.
  • As long as the poor do not have access to affordable health care, bridging cultural distance is not the most important step is alleviating disparities in health.
30
Q

Cultural competence

A
  • a written test
  • judged by mainly white, male physicians.
  • inadvertently stereotypes, biases, and racism
31
Q

Sunday & Eyles - Diabetes Among First Nation’s people in Ontario

A
  • individual is blamed for progression of the disease
  • Both groups want to achieve normalcy but the definition differs. Health care providers see a normal blood glucose level, but first nations want to be normal socially and this cannot occur with the loss of freedom with diabetes.
32
Q

Risk

A

increases the opportunities for medical intervention without considering the social costs of intervention

33
Q

Most important barrier to managing diabetes

A

Structural constraints and the emotional consequences of living with a chronic and debilitating illness

34
Q

Ehrenreich - Cancerland

A

early detection does not always save lives.

Breast Cancer industry/Pink culture infantizes the disease

35
Q

Jones - Relationships between health consumer groups and the pharmaceutical industry
(Chat about this one a bit..)

A

Consumer groups influence health care decision makers to invest fully in pharmaceuticals and not consider other options.

36
Q

Classification of consumer groups

A
  1. Refusers - no ties to Pharma
  2. Acceptors - accept funds but with transparent relationship
  3. Non-disclosers - don’t know if there is or is not a relationship
37
Q

Weisz - The emergence of clinical practice guidelines

A

Guidelines imposed on physicians to reduce healthcare costs.

SOSA 2503 (1 decks)

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