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Genitourinary System > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Largest volume of water?

A

Urinary system

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2
Q

Retroperitoneal?

A

Behind peritoneum

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3
Q

Other portion of kidney?

A

Renal cortex

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4
Q

Funnel shaped basin forming upper ends of ureters?

A

Renal pelvis

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5
Q

Path of blood cell through kidney?

A

Glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, renal vein

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6
Q

Found in renal medulla?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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7
Q

Not part of nephron?

A

Lomerulus

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8
Q

Part of nephron that drains into loop?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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9
Q

Juxtaglomerular aparatus consists of cells?

A

Distal convoluted tubules and afferent arteriole

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10
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus synthesizes?

A

Renin

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11
Q

Tubular secretion?

A

Active process that moves substances from the blood into the nephron?

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12
Q

Blood pressure?

A

Drives materials out of glomerulus into the glomerular capsule

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13
Q

Substances are reabsorbed from the distal convoluted tubule into?

A

Peritubular capillaries

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14
Q

ADH increases?

A

Water reabsorption in the collecting duct

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15
Q

Micturition is an action of?

A

The urinary system

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16
Q

Urine normally contains?

A

Urea

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17
Q

Presence of WBC in urine is?

A

Pyuria

18
Q

Nephrectomy is?

A

Removal of the kidney

19
Q

Cysto is ?

A

Sac

20
Q

Pt is on low sodium diet to assist in treatment for hypertension. Which indicates understanding?

A

I use fruits and veges and should give up table salt.

21
Q

Purpose of electrolytes in body?

A

All of the above.
Form hydrochloric acid in gastric juices, regulates water balance in body, regulates water and electrolyte contents within cells.

22
Q

Patient potassium level is 6 mEq/L. Nurse pages MD and waits for call back. What should she do in the meantime?

A

Attach patient to a cardiac monitor

23
Q

Pt with PNA & dyspnea. Lab data is pH 7.30; PaCO2 50mm Hg; HCO3 22mEq; SpO2 90%?

A

Respiratory Acidosis

24
Q

Expect with respiratory acidosis?

A

Muscle weakness

25
Q

Order of effectiveness for 3 systems to keep pH normal?

A

blood buffers, lungs, kidneys

26
Q

Third spaced fluid?

A

Ascites

27
Q

Clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia include?

A

All of the above: decreased urine output; dry mucous membranes; orthostatic BP.

28
Q

Lab report of pt with excessive diarrhea: pH is 7.30; PaCO2 32; HCO3 15; What is pt’s state?

A

Metabolic acidosis.

29
Q

Sodium is a major electrolyte in?

A

Extracellular fluid compartment

30
Q

Sequence of blood flow in order through nephron?

A
  1. Reabsorption in loop of Henle
  2. Efferent arteriole
  3. Filtration in glomerulus
  4. Reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule
  5. Afferent arteriole
  6. Secretion in distal convoluted tubule
31
Q

You have labeled a glucose molecule with a fluorescent marker so that you can follow its path through the kidney. You observe your glucose molecule in the renal artery and in the glomerular (Bowman) capsule, but you do not detect it in the collecting duct or in the urine. Trace the path of this glucose molecule as it enters and leaves the kidney, describing the processes by which it moves between the blood and the nephron.

A

The glucose molecule passed through the renal artery, the afferent arteriole, and subsequently the glomerulus. It was filtered into the glomerular capsule of the nephron. At some point, it was reabsorbed from the nephron into the blood through the peritubular capillaries and eventually left the kidney through the renal vein.

32
Q

Mr. S is consuming a wide variety of medications. Due to a nasty drug interaction, the secretion of both antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone is suddenly increased. How will these two hormones modify water and sodium reuptake by the kidney and the volume of Mr. S’s urine output?

A

Aldosterone increases sodium and water uptake. Antidiuretic hormone increases the water permeability of the distal tubule and collecting duct, thereby concentrating the urine. An increase in both of these hormones will thus increase both sodium reabsorption and water reabsorption. The presence of ADH will also cause the urine to become concentrated, resulting in a very low urine output.

33
Q

Two nursing considerations for older pt re: fluid, electrolyte and acid base balance?

A 
Fluid intake modifications
† Dietary changes
† Parenteral fluid, electrolyte, and blood
replacement
† Other appropriate measures such as:
„ Administering prescribed medications and
oxygen
„ Providing skin care and oral hygiene
„ Positioning the client appropriately
„ Scheduling rest periods
34
Q

Clinical significance of serum potassium of 3.4mEq? Normal range?

A

The normal potassium level in the blood is 3.5-5.0 milliEquivalents per liter (mEq/L). Potassium levels below 3.4 meq/L is too low. Potassium is a chemical (electrolyte) that is critical to the proper functioning of nerve and muscles cells, particularly heart muscle cells.

35
Q

Contributing factors for low potassium?

A

Use of water pills (diuretics), diarrhea, and chronic laxative abuse are the most common causes of low potassium levels.

36
Q

Low potassium level is called? At least 2 common signs/symptoms associated with it?

A

Hypokalemia. muscle weakness, muscle aches,

muscle cramps, and heart palpitations (irregular heartbeats).

37
Q

Two nursing interventions for imbalance?

A

Diet therapy:

1) Increase potassium in the diet. Used only in mild deficits or prevention of deficits. (Twenty inches of bananas yields 20 mEqs of potassium.)
2) Give salt substitute that contains potassium for prevention

Drug therapy: 
1) IV fluids with KCl
· Should be on a pump
· Will cause vein irritation and phlebitis
· Never given IV push
· No more than 20 mEqs/hr
2) Oral KCl

Other nursing interventions

1) Monitor manifestations
2) Assess for complications

38
Q

Clinical significance of serum sodium of 127 meq? Normal range?

A

Normal serum sodium levels are between approximately 135 and 145 mEq/liter (135 - 145 mmol/L). Hyponatremia is generally defined as a serum sodium level of less than 135 mEq/L and is considered severe when the serum sodium level is below 125 mEq/L.

39
Q

What is low sodium levels called? What are 2 signs symptoms associated with output?

A

Hyponatremia. headache, confusion or altered mental state, seizures, and decreased consciousness which can proceed to coma and death. Other possible symptoms include: restlessness, muscle spasms or cramps,
weakness, and tiredness. Nausea and vomiting may accompany any of the symptoms.

40
Q

Nurse is monitoring I & O. What should be counted as part of output?

A

The patient’s diet and use of diuretics must also be considered.

Genitourinary System (1 decks)

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