Final Exam

Question 1

Power on a Bike

Answer 1

resistance (kg) X distance (m) X frequency (rev/min)

Question 2

Converting from m/s to mph

Answer 2

Divide m/s by 26.8

Question 3

Converting from lbs to kg

Answer 3

divide lbs by 2.2

Question 4

Energy Expenditure from Relative VO2

Answer 4

multiple relative VO2 x 1 L/1000ml x BM (kg) x Time (min) x 5kcals/L

Question 5

Right Coronary Artery

Answer 5

stems from the right side of the aorta and travels downward and posteriorly;

Question 6

Left Coronary Artery

Answer 6

stems from the left side of the aorta and consists of the left main coronary artery, the left anterior descending artery, and the circumflex artery

Question 7

Circumflex Artery

Answer 7

travels down the lateral aspect of the left ventricle and ends posteriorly

Question 8

Left Anterior Descending Artery

Answer 8

travels downward over the anterior surface of the left ventricle, circles the apex, and ends behind it

Question 9

When to use Diagnostic Exercise Testing

Answer 9

to aid in diagnosis of heart disease, to diagnose silent ischemia, to assess the safety of exercise, to follow the process of coronary disease, to assess functional capacity, to assess the efficacy of medical procedures, to determine true max HR

Question 10

High Risk: First Box

Answer 10

known CV, pulmonary, metabolic disease; CV = cardiac, peripheral vascular, or cerebrovascular disease; Pulmonary = COPD, asthma, interstitial lung disease, cystic fibrosis; Metabolic = diabetes, thyroid disorders, renal/liver disease

Question 11

High Risk: Second Box

Answer 11

major signs or symptoms suggestive of CV, Pulmonary, Metabolic disease;

Question 12

Major Signs or Symptoms suggestive of CV, Pulmonary, Metabolic Disease

Answer 12

Pain, discomfort in the chest, neck, jaw, arms, or other areas that may result from ischemia; Shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion; Dizziness or syncope; Orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; Ankle Edema; Palpitations or tachycardia; Intermittent claudication; Known heart murmur; Unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with usual activities

Question 13

Low to Moderate Risk: Risk Factors

Answer 13

Age
Cigarettes
Obesity
Dyslipidemia
Family
Insulin
Sedentary
Hypertension

Question 14

Age: Risk Factor

Answer 14

Men 45 or older, Women 55 or older

Question 15

Cigarettes: Risk factor

Answer 15

current smoker or those who quit within the previous 6 months or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke

Question 16

Obesity: Risk Factor

Answer 16

BMI 30 or greater (kg/m2) or waist girth greater than 40 for men and greater than 35 for women

Question 17

Dyslipidemia: Risk Factor

Answer 17

LDL 130 or higher; HDL lower than 40; negative risk factor if HDL 60 or higher; OR on lipid lowering medication;

Question 18

Family: Risk Factor

Answer 18

MI, coronary re-vascularization, or sudden death before age 55 for father/brother or before age 65 for mother/sister

Question 19

Insulin: Risk Factor

Answer 19

FG between 100 and 125;

Question 20

Sedentary: Risk Factor

Answer 20

does less than 3 times per week for 30 minutes at moderate intensity for at least 3 months

Question 21

Hypertension: Risk Factor

Answer 21

systolic 140 or greater or diastolic 90 or higher; or on BP lowering medication

Question 22

Converting inches to cm

Answer 22

Multiply inches by 2.54

Question 23

Hypertension Medications

Answer 23

Beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-1), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), Diuretics, Nitrates/nitrites, direct vasodilaters

Question 24

Common Cholesterol Medications

Answer 24

statins, lipitor

Question 25

Cardiac Cells: Characteristics

Answer 25

automaticity, contractility, excitability, conductivity

Question 26

Depolarization

Answer 26

movement of ions across the cell membrane; inside becomes more positive; results in contraction

Question 27

Repolarization

Answer 27

restore resting potential, myocardium relaxes

Question 28

Absolute Refractory Period

Answer 28

until the apex of the T wave after the QRS complex; nearly the entire duration of the action potential

Question 29

Relative Refractory Period

Answer 29

last half of the t wave; during the hyper polarization of the membrain

Question 30

Order of Electrical Impulse

Answer 30

SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Bundle Branches, Purkinje Fibers

Question 31

Inferior Leads

Answer 31

Lead II, III, avF

Question 32

Anterior Leads

Answer 32

V3, V4

Question 33

Lateral Leads

Answer 33

Lead I, avL, V5, V6

Question 34

Septal Leads

Answer 34

V1, V2

Question 35

Other Lead

Answer 35

avR

Question 36

Normal P wave

Answer 36

less than .10 seconds in duration, 1 for every QRS, identical

Question 37

Normal PR Interval

Answer 37

.12-.20 seconds;

Question 38

Normal QRS Interval

Answer 38

less than .10 seconds

Question 39

Normal QT Interval

Answer 39

start of Q until end of T; .48 seconds or less

Question 40

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Answer 40

possible L axis deviation, R wave amp in lead V5 or V6 plus S wave amp in lead v1 or V2 is greater than 35 mm; R wave amp in lead v6 exceeds R wave amp in lead V5; R wave amp in lead avL is greater than 13 mm

Question 41

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Answer 41

right axis deviation; R wave is larger than S wave in lead V1; S wave is larger than R wave in V6; poor R wave progression

Question 42

Left Atrial Enlargement

Answer 42

amp of terminal component of P wave may be increased; duration of P wave increased, terminal portion drops below isoelectric line in V1

Question 43

Right Atrial Enlargement

Answer 43

P waves with an amplitude exceeding 2.5 mm in the inferior leads; no change in the duration of the P wave

Question 44

Left Bundle Branch Block

Answer 44

broad, deep S waves in V1 and V2; broad or notched R wave in v5 or v6; wide QRS

Question 45

Right Bundle Branch Block

Answer 45

RSR’ in V1 and V2 with T wave inversion; late deep S waves in v5 or v6